Navegação por autor "10204"

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  • IPEN-DOC 28093

    YOSHIDA, A.C. ; LOPES, F.J.S. ; CACHEFFO, A. ; MOREIRA, G.A. ; SILVA, J.J. da ; LANDULFO, E. . AEOLUS calibration and validation activities at SPU Lidar Station - Brazil. In: EUROPEAN LIDAR CONFERENCE, November 18-20, 2020, Granada, Spain. Resumo expandido... 2020. p. 1-2.

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  • IPEN-DOC 28656

    CASQUERO-VERA, J.A.; LYAMANI, H.; TITOS, G.; MOREIRA, G. de A. ; BENAVENT-OLTRA, J.A.; CONTE, M.; CONTINI, D.; JARVI, L.; OLMO-REYES, F.J.; ALADOS-ARBOLEDAS, L.. Aerosol number fluxes and concentrations over a southern European urban area. Atmospheric Environment, v. 269, p. 1-10, 2022. DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2021.118849

    Abstract: Although cities are an important source of aerosol particles, aerosol number flux measurements over urban areas are scarce. These measurements are however important as they can allow us to identify the different sources/sinks of aerosol particles and quantify their emission contributions. Therefore, they can help us to understand the aerosol impacts on human health and climate, and to design effective mitigation strategies through the reduction of urban aerosol emissions. In this work we analyze the aerosol number concentrations and fluxes for particles with diameters larger than 2.5 nm measured by eddy covariance technique at an urban area (Granada city, Spain) from November 2016 to April 2018. This is the first study of particle number flux in an urban area in the Iberian Peninsula and is one of the few current studies that report long-term aerosol number flux measurements. The results suggest that, on average, Granada urban area acted as a net source for atmospheric aerosol particles with median particle number flux of 150 × 106 m−2 s−1. Downward negative fluxes were observed in only 12% of the analyzed data, and most of them were observed during high aerosol load conditions. Both aerosol number fluxes and concentrations were maximum in winter and 50% larger than those measured in summer due to the increased emissions from domestic heating, burning of residual agricultural waste in the agricultural area surrounding the site, as well as to the lower aerosol dilution effects during winter. The analysis of the seasonal diurnal variability of the aerosol number concentration revealed the significant impact of traffic emissions on aerosol population over Granada urban area in all seasons. It also shows the impact of domestic heating and agricultural waste burning emissions in winter as well as the influence of new particle formation processes in summer and spring seasons. Closer analysis by wind sector demonstrated that both aerosol concentrations and fluxes from urban sector (where high density of anthropogenic sources is located) were lower than those from rural sector (which includes agricultural area but also the main highway of the city). This evidences the strong impact of aerosol emissions from traffic circulating on the highway on aerosol population over our measurement site.

    Palavras-Chave: urban areas; aerosols; concentration ratio; atmospheres; particles; eddy currents; data covariances

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  • IPEN-DOC 26404

    MOREIRA, GREGORI de A. ; LOPES, FABIO J. da S. ; GUERRERO-RASCADO, JUAN L.; SILVA, JONATAN J. da ; GOMES, ANTONIO A. ; LANDULFO, EDUARDO ; ALADOS-ARBOLEDAS, LUCAS. Analyzing the atmospheric boundary layer using high-order moments obtained from multiwavelength lidar data: impact of wavelength choice. Atmospheric Measurement Techniques, v. 12, n. 8, p. 4261-4276, 2019. DOI: 10.5194/amt-12-4261-2019

    Abstract: The lowest region of the troposphere is a turbulent layer known as the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) and characterized by high daily variability due to the influence of surface forcings. This is the reason why detecting systems with high spatial and temporal resolution, such as lidar, have been widely applied for researching this region. In this paper, we present a comparative analysis on the use of lidar-backscattered signals at three wavelengths (355, 532 and 1064 nm) to study the ABL by investigating the highorder moments, which give us information about the ABL height (derived by the variance method), aerosol layer movement (skewness) and mixing conditions (kurtosis) at several heights. Previous studies have shown that the 1064 nm wavelength, due to the predominance of particle signature in the total backscattered atmospheric signal and practically null presence of molecular signal (which can represent noise in high-order moments), provides an appropriate description of the turbulence field, and thus in this study it was considered a reference. We analyze two case studies that show us that the backscattered signal at 355 nm, even after applying some corrections, has a limited applicability for turbulence studies using the proposed methodology due to the strong contribution of the molecular signature to the total backscatter signal. This increases the noise associated with the high-order profiles and, consequently, generates misinformation. On the other hand, the information on the turbulence field derived from the backscattered signal at 532 nm is similar to that obtained at 1064 nm due to the appropriate attenuation of the noise, generated by molecular component of backscattered signal by the application of the corrections proposed.

    Palavras-Chave: troposphere; optical radar; boundary layers; atmospheres; aerosols; turbulence; air quality; monitoring

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  • IPEN-DOC 28094

    MOREIRA, G.A. ; LOPES, F.J.S. ; CODATO, G.; SANCHEZ, M.P.; SILVA, J.J. da ; GOMES, A.A. ; TITO, J.V.; SILVA, L.A.H.; SILVEIRA, L.C.; LANDULFO, E. ; OLIVEIRA, A.P.. Analyzing the effects of biomass in the Amazon region on the São Paulo urban boundary layer. In: EUROPEAN LIDAR CONFERENCE, November 18-20, 2020, Granada, Spain. Resumo expandido... 2020. p. 1-2.

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  • IPEN-DOC 29836

    MOREIRA, GREGORI de A. ; CACHEFFO, ALEXANDRE ; ANDRADE, IZABEL da S. ; LOPES, FABIO JULIANO da S. ; GOMES, ANTONIO A. ; LANDULFO, EDUARDO . Analyzing the influence of vehicular traffic on the concentration of pollutants in the city of São Paulo: an approach based on pandemic SARS-CoV-2 data and deep learning. Atmosphere, v. 14, n. 10, p. 1-16, 2023. DOI: 10.3390/atmos14101578

    Abstract: This study employs surface and remote sensing data jointly with deep learning techniques to examine the influence of vehicular traffic in the seasonal patterns of CO, NO2 , PM2.5, and PM10 concentrations in the São Paulo municipality, as the period of physical distancing (March 2020 to December 2021), due to SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and the resumption of activities, made it possible to observe significant variations in the flow of vehicles in the city of São Paulo. Firstly, an analysis of the planetary boundary layer height and ventilation coefficient was performed to identify the seasons’ patterns of pollution dispersion. Then, the variations (from 2018 to 2021) of the seasonal average values of air temperature, relative humidity, precipitation, and thermal inversion occurrence/position were compared to identify possible variations in the patterns of such variables that would justify (or deny) the occurrence of more favorable conditions for pollutants dispersion. However, no significant variations were found. Finally, the seasonal average concentrations of the previously mentioned pollutants were compared from 2018 to 2021, and the daily concentrations observed during the pandemic period were compared with a model based on an artificial neural network. Regarding the concentration of pollutants, the primarily sourced from vehicular traffic (CO and NO2 ) exhibited substantial variations, demonstrating an inverse relationship with the rate of social distancing. In addition, the measured concentrations deviated from the predictive model during periods of significant social isolation. Conversely, pollutants that were not primarily linked to vehicular sources (PM2.5 and PM10) exhibited minimal variation from 2018 to 2021; thus, their measured concentration remained consistent with the prediction model.

    Palavras-Chave: urban areas; air pollution; air quality; machine learning; vehicles; coronaviruses

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  • IPEN-DOC 25711

    MOREIRA, GREGORI de A. ; GUERRERO-RASCADO, JUAN L.; BENAVENT-OLTRA, JOSE A.; ORTIZ-AMEZCUA, PABLO; ROMAN, ROBERTO; BEDOYA-VELASQUEZ, ANDRES E.; BRAVO-ARANDA, JUAN A.; REYES, FRANCISCO J.O.; LANDULFO, EDUARDO ; ALADOS-ARBOLEDAS, LUCAS. Analyzing the turbulent planetary boundary layer by remote sensing systems: the Doppler wind lidar, aerosol elastic lidar and microwave radiometer. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, v. 19, n. 2, p. 1263-1280, 2019. DOI: 10.5194/acp-19-1263-2019

    Abstract: The planetary boundary layer (PBL) is the lowermost region of troposphere and is endowed with turbulent characteristics, which can have mechanical and/or thermodynamic origins. This behavior gives this layer great importance, mainly in studies about pollutant dispersion and weather forecasting. However, the instruments usually applied in studies of turbulence in the PBL have limitations in spatial resolution (anemometer towers) or temporal resolution (instrumentation aboard an aircraft). Ground-based remote sensing, both active and passive, offers an alternative for studying the PBL. In this study we show the capabilities of combining different remote sensing systems (microwave radiometer – MWR, Doppler lidar – DL – and elastic lidar – EL) for retrieving a detailed picture on the PBL turbulent features. The statistical moments of the high frequency distributions of the vertical wind velocity, derived from DL, and of the backscattered coefficient, derived from EL, are corrected by two methodologies, namely first lag correction and 􀀀2=3 law correction. The corrected profiles, obtained from DL data, present small differences when compared with the uncorrected profiles, showing the low influence of noise and the viability of the proposed methodology. Concerning EL, in addition to analyzing the influence of noise, we explore the use of different wavelengths that usually include EL systems operated in extended networks, like the European Aerosol Research Lidar Network (EARLINET), Latin American Lidar Network (LALINET), NASA Micro-Pulse Lidar Network (MPLNET) or Skyradiometer Network (SKYNET). In this way we want to show the feasibility of extending the capability of existing monitoring networks without strong investments or changes in their measurements protocols. Two case studies were analyzed in detail, one corresponding to a well-defined PBL and another corresponding to a situation with presence of a Saharan dust lofted aerosol layer and clouds. In both cases we discuss results provided by the different instruments showing their complementarity and the precautions to be applied in the data interpretation. Our study shows that the use of EL at 532 nm requires a careful correction of the signal using the first lag time correction in order to get reliable turbulence information on the PBL.

    Palavras-Chave: boundary layers; troposphere; planetary atmospheres; doppler effect; wind; optical radar; monitoring; microwave radiation; radiometers; aerosols; elastic scattering; remote sensing

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  • IPEN-DOC 28812

    MOREIRA, GREGORI de A. ; OLIVEIRA, AMAURI P. de; CODATO, GEORGIA; SANCHEZ, MACIEL P.; TITO, JANET V.; SILVA, LEONARDO A.H. e; SILVEIRA, LUCAS C. da; SILVA, JONATAN J. da ; LOPES, FABIO J. da S. ; LANDULFO, EDUARDO . Assessing spatial variation of PBL height and aerosol layer aloft in São Paulo Megacity using simultaneously two lidar during winter 2019. Atmosphere, v. 13, n. 4, p. 1-16, 2022. DOI: 10.3390/atmos13040611

    Abstract: This work presents the use of two elastic lidar systems to assess the horizontal variation of the PBL height (PBLH) and aerosol layer aloft in the São Paulo Megacity. These two lidars performed simultaneous measurements 10.7 km apart in a highly urbanized and relatively flat area of São Paulo for two winter months of 2019. The results showed that the PBLH differences display diurnal variation that depends on the PBL during daytime growth phases. Cloud and sea breeze effects control most of PBLH variation. In the absence of cloud and sea breeze, the maximum difference (~300 m) occurs in the rapid development stage and is due to topographic effects. When the PBL approaches its maximum daily value, it tends to level off with respect to the topography. In addition, it was presented a method that combines elastic lidar (to detect an aerosol layer) and satellite data (to classify such a layer from Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) and Aerosol Index (AI) information) for the detection of biomass burning events. This methodology demonstrated that the variations caused by Biomass Burning in AOD and AI enable both the detection of aerosol plumes originating from biomass burning and the identification of their origin.

    Palavras-Chave: boundary layers; earth atmosphere; biomass; burns; urban areas; optical radar

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  • IPEN-DOC 28962

    SANTOS, AMANDA V. ; LANDULFO, EDUARDO ; MOREIRA, GREGORI A. ; MARQUES, MARCIA T.A.; ANDRADE, MARIA F.. Comparing lidar and ceilometer backscattering measurements for the detection of aerosol layers in the PBL over São Paulo, Brazil. In: WORKSHOP ON LIDAR MEASUREMENTS IN LATIN AMERICA, 11th, October 19-22, 2021, Punta Arenas, Chile. Abstract... Punta Arenas, Chile: Universidad de Magallanes, 2021. p. 22-22.

    Abstract: The Planetary Boundary Layer (PBL) is the lowest part of the troposphere and it is directly influenced by the Earth’s surface and anthropogenic activities. The concentration of aerosol in the PBL is typically much higher than in the free troposphere. Given that most of the air pollution in the troposphere is capped by this layer, obtaining the PBL height (PBLH) and its evolution during the day can assist in monitoring and studying aerosol concentrations and properties and its impact on air quality. Multi-instrument monitoring of the PBLH can assist in identifying the arrival of different air masses and tracking the evolution of aerosol layers during the day. Due to their lower cost, ceilometers can be powerful tools to enhance these measurements, although such an instrument has a few limitations when compared to lidars. The weaker laser light source used in ceilometers can limit the detection of aerosol layers to a few kilometers in height, depending on the presence and distribution of clouds and aerosols in the atmosphere. Given that some methods to estimate the PBLH need strong gradients in the concentration of aerosols to identify it correctly, the improper identification of the aerosol layers can become problematic for obtaining the PBLH. We compared lidar and ceilometer data from two instruments located in the city of São Paulo, Brazil, approximately 15 km from each other. We found that, in clear sky conditions, it is possible to correctly identify aerosol layers in the PBL with data from both instruments. The presence of clouds, signal attenuation and noise can sometimes cause errors in the identification of aerosol layers, especially when using ceilometer data. We found that, despite not being co-located, both instruments show similar profiles, up to a few kilometers in height.

    Palavras-Chave: optical radar; boundary layers; layers; aerosols

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  • IPEN-DOC 27244

    MOREIRA, GREGORI de A. ; LOPES, FABIO J. da S. ; GUERRERO-RASCADO, JUAN L.; ORTIZ-AMEZCUA, PABLO; CAZORLA, ALBERTO; OLIVEIRA, AMAURI P. de; LANDULFO, EDUARDO ; ALADOS-ARBOLEDAS, LUCAS. Comparison among the atmospheric boundary layer height estimated from three different tracers. EPJ Web of Conferences, v. 237, p. 1-4, 2020. DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/202023703009

    Abstract: The Atmospheric Boundary Layer (ABL) is the lowermost part of the troposphere. In this work, we analysed the combination of ABL height estimated continuously by three different remote sensing systems: a ceilometer, a Doppler lidar and a passive Microwave Radiometer, during a summer campaign, which was held in Granada from June to August 2016. This study demonstrates as the combined utilization of remote sensing systems, based on different tracers, can provide detailed information about the height of ABL and their sublayers.

    Palavras-Chave: atmospheres; doppler effect; boundary layers; troposphere; optical radar; microwave radiation; radiometers

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  • IPEN-DOC 27830

    MOREIRA, GREGORI de A. ; ANDRADE, IZABEL da S. ; CACHEFFO, ALEXANDRE ; YOSHIDA, ALEXANDRE C. ; GOMES, ANTONIO A. ; SILVA, JONATAN J. da ; LOPES, FABIO J. da S. ; LANDULFO, EDUARDO . COVID-19 outbreak and air quality: analyzing the influence of physical distancing and the resumption of activities in São Paulo municipality. Urban Climate, v. 37, p. 1-15, 2021. DOI: 10.1016/j.uclim.2021.100813

    Abstract: This work compares variations in the concentrations and air quality indexes of the pollutants PM10, PM2.5, CO, and NO2, during the COVID-19 outbreak in São Paulo Municipality. Such comparisons considered the period of physical distancing (autumn) and the three first months of economic activities’ resumption (winter). The concentrations and indexes observed in 2020 were compared with their correspondent values measured in the three preceding years. Also, from a supervised machine learning algorithm, the correspondent 2020 expected values were predicted and used in these comparisons. In order to analyze the influence of meteorological conditions, the seasons studied were characterized using remote sensing and surface data. The pollutants predominantly emitted by the vehicle fleet (CO and NO2) had reductions in their concentrations, with values always below the predictions and good air quality indexes. However, the pollutants whose concentration is less dependent on automotive emissions (PM10 and PM2.5) had high proximity to the predictions during the autumn and lower values during some periods in winter. This reduction was not enough to avoid days with a moderate air quality index. The approximation of the average concentrations of PM10, PM2.5, and CO to the prediction, from the second-half August 2020, indicates the influence of activities’ resumption in air quality.

    Palavras-Chave: coronaviruses; urban areas; urban populations; emergency plans; air quality; air pollution monitors; pollution sources; optical radar

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  • IPEN-DOC 26653

    BENAVENT-OLTRA, JOSE A.; ROMAN, ROBERTO; CASQUERO-VERA, JUAN A.; PEREZ-RAMIREZ, DANIEL; LYAMANI, HASSAN; ORTIZ-AMEZCUA, PABLO; BEDOYA-VELASQUEZ, ANDRES E.; MOREIRA, GREGORI de A. ; BARRETO, AFRICA; LOPATIN, ANTON; FUERTES, DAVID; HERRERA, MILAGROS; TORRES, BENJAMIN; DUBOVIK, OLEG; GUERRERO-RASCADO, JUAN L.; GOLOUB, PHILIPPE; OLMO-REYES, FRANCISCO J.; ALADOS-ARBOLEDAS, LUCAS. Different strategies to retrieve aerosol properties at night-time with the GRASP algorithm. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, v. 19, n. 22, p. 14149-14171, 2019. DOI: 10.5194/acp-19-14149-2019

    Abstract: This study evaluates the potential of the GRASP algorithm (Generalized Retrieval of Aerosol and Surface Properties) to retrieve continuous day-to-night aerosol properties, both column-integrated and vertically resolved. The study is focused on the evaluation of GRASP retrievals during an intense Saharan dust event that occurred during the Sierra Nevada Lidar aerOsol Profiling Experiment I (SLOPE I) field campaign. For daytime aerosol retrievals, we combined the measurements of the ground-based lidar from EARLINET (European Aerosol Research Lidar Network) station and sun–sky photometer from AERONET (Aerosol Robotic Network), both instruments co-located in Granada (Spain). However, for night-time retrievals three different combinations of active and passive remote-sensing measurements are proposed. The first scheme (N0) uses lidar night-time measurements in combination with the interpolation of sun–sky daytime measurements. The other two schemes combine lidar night-time measurements with nighttime aerosol optical depth obtained by lunar photometry either using intensive properties of the aerosol retrieved during sun–sky daytime measurements (N1) or using the Moon aureole radiance obtained by sky camera images (N2). Evaluations of the columnar aerosol properties retrieved by GRASP are done versus standard AERONET retrievals. The coherence of day-to-night evolutions of the different aerosol properties retrieved by GRASP is also studied. The extinction coefficient vertical profiles retrieved by GRASP are compared with the profiles calculated by the Raman technique at night-time with differences below 30% for all schemes at 355, 532 and 1064 nm. Finally, the volume concentration and scattering coefficient retrieved by GRASP at 2500ma.s.l. are evaluated by in situ measurements at this height at Sierra Nevada Station. The differences between GRASP and in situ measurements are similar for the different schemes, with differences below 30% for both volume concentration and scattering coefficient. In general, for the scattering coefficient, the GRASP N0 and N1 show better results than the GRASP N2 schemes, while for volume concentration, GRASP N2 shows the lowest differences against in situ measurements (around 10 %) for high aerosol optical depth values.

    Palavras-Chave: algorithms; aerosol monitoring; surface properties; dusts; optical properties; optical radar; deserts; aerosol wastes; raman effect

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  • IPEN-DOC 27251

    SILVA, JONATAN da ; MORAIS, FERNANDO G. ; FRANCO, MARCO A.; LOPES, FABIO J.S. ; ARRUDA, GREGORI de A. ; YOSHIDA, ALEXANDRE C. ; CORREIA, ALEXANDRE; LANDULFO, EDUARDO . Exploring the twilight zone: a multi-sensor approach. EPJ Web of Conferences, v. 237, p. 1-4, 2020. DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/202023707015

    Abstract: This study shows a set of analysis of measurements from ground-based and satellite instruments to characterize the twilight zone (TLZ) between clouds and aerosols in São Paulo, Brazil. In the vicinity of clouds turbulence measurements showed an intense upward movement of aerosol layers, while sunphotometer results showed an increase in aerosol optical depth, and lidar measurements showed an increase in the backscatter vertical profile signal.

    Palavras-Chave: atmospheres; clouds; earth atmosphere; aerosols; optical radar; satellites; urban areas; radiations; meteorology

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  • IPEN-DOC 29945

    SOUTO-OLIVEIRA, CARLOS E.; MARQUES, MARCIA T.A.; NOGUEIRA, THIAGO; LOPES, FABIO J.S. ; MEDEIROS, JOSE A.G. ; MEDEIROS, ILCA M.M.A. ; MOREIRA, GREGORI A. ; DIAS, PEDRO L. da S.; LANDULFO, EDUARDO ; ANDRADE, MARIA de F.. Impact of extreme wildfires from the Brazilian Forests and sugarcane burning on the air quality of the biggest megacity on South America. Science of the Total Environment, v. 888, p. 1-10, 2023. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163439

    Abstract: Recently, extreme wildfires have damaged important ecosystems worldwide and have affected urban areas miles away due to long-range transport of smoke plumes. We performed a comprehensive analysis to clarify how smoke plumes from Pantanal and Amazon forests wildfires and sugarcane harvest burning also from interior of the state of São Paulo (ISSP) were transported and injected into the atmosphere of the Metropolitan Area of São Paulo (MASP), where they worsened air quality and increased greenhouse gas (GHG) levels. To classify event days, multiple biomass burning fingerprints as carbon isotopes, Lidar ratio and specific compounds ratios were combined with back trajectories modeling. During smoke plume event days in the MASP fine particulate matter concentrations exceeded the WHO standard (>25 μg m−3 ), at 99 % of the air quality monitoring stations, and peak CO2 excess were 100 % to 1178 % higher than non-event days. We demonstrated how external pollution events such as wildfires pose an additional challenge for cities, regarding public health threats associated to air quality, and reinforces the importance of GHG monitoring networks to track local and remote GHG emissions and sources in urban areas.

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  • IPEN-DOC 27755

    MOREIRA, GREGORI de A. ; ANDRADE, IZABEL da S. ; CACHEFFO, ALEXANDRE ; LOPES, FABIO J. da S. ; YOSHIDA, ALEXANDRE C. ; GOMES, ANTONIO A. ; SILVA, JONATAN J. da ; LANDULFO, EDUARDO . Influence of a biomass-burning event in PM2.5 concentration and air quality: a case study in the Metropolitan Area of São Paulo. Sensors, v. 21, n. 2, p. 1-19, 2021. DOI: 10.3390/s21020425

    Abstract: Severe biomass burning (BB) events have become increasingly common in South America in the last few years, mainly due to the high number of wildfires observed recently. Such incidents can negatively influence the air quality index associated with PM2.5 (particulate matter, which is harmful to human health). A study performed in the Metropolitan Area of São Paulo (MASP) took place on selected days of July 2019, evaluated the influence of a BB event on air quality. Use of combined remote sensing, a surface monitoring system and data modeling and enabled detection of the BB plume arrival (light detection and ranging (lidar) ratio of (50 ± 34) sr at 532 nm, and (72 ± 45) sr at 355 nm) and how it affected the Ångström exponent (>1.3), atmospheric optical depth (>0.7), PM2.5 concentrations (>25 µg.m−3), and air quality classification. The utilization of high-order statistical moments, obtained from elastic lidar, provided a new way to observe the entrainment process, allowing understanding of how a decoupled aerosol layer influences the local urban area. This new novel approach enables a lidar system to obtain the same results as a more complex set of instruments and verify how BB events contribute from air masses aloft towards near ground ones.

    Palavras-Chave: air quality; biomass; burns; particulates; remote sensing; moments method; statistics; nature reserves; optical radar

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  • IPEN-DOC 27019

    MOREIRA, GREGORI de A. . Intercomparison of wind data observed with Wind Doppler LIDAR and SODAR at Ressacada, Florianópolis-Brazil. In: WORKSHOP ON LIDAR MEASUREMENTS IN LATIN AMERICA, 8th, April 6-10, 2015, Cayo Coco, Cuba. Abstract... 2015.

    Abstract: Nowadays, remote sensing equipment has long been used for various studies related to atmosphere. When wind speed issues are discussed, the Wind Doppler LIDAR and SODAR deserve to be highlighted due to high vertical resolution of both and the high data acquisition rate. This equipment has been very applied in academic studies for environmental issues and also in the industry as wind power projects and airport security. Though each has its limitation, they enable different types of studies, which range from the observation of the vertical wind profile until the detection of turbulent phenomena. The main objective of this work is to do an intecomparison between these two technologies. For this study one measurement campaign was conducted in Florianópolis (Santa Catarina State - Brazi) and a case study will be presented, where were employed a Wind Doppler LIDAR WL70 Leosphere operating with wavelength of 1.5 m and maximum range of 1,500 meters and a SODAR MFAS SCINTEC with maximum range of 800 meters. It will be held: a statistical analysis in relation to the wind velocity and wind direction values, analysis of the turbulence and detection of PBL (planetary boundary layer) height. Both devices will be validated by atmospheric sounding data from the airport near the study area. From the results of this work are expected to find consistent values of correlation between the two devices and demonstrate its wide applicability, although each one have your different limitations, in the various areas of knowledge.

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  • IPEN-DOC 27253

    LANDULFO, EDUARDO ; VEGA, ALBEHT R.; YOSHIDA, ALEXANDRE C. ; BASTIDAS, ALVARO; SANTOS, AMANDA V. dos; SILVA, ANTONIETA; GOMES, ANTONIO A. ; GONZALEZ, BORIS B.; MELO-LUNA, CARLOS A.; HOYOS, CARLOS D.; RAE, CRISTINA T. de S.; CAMILO, DANIEL; VIVAS, DAVID; GOUVEIA, DIEGO A.; WOLFRAM, ELIAN; COLLINI, ESTELA; LOPES, FABIO J.S. ; MOREIRA, GREGORI de A. ; BARBOSA, HENRIQUE de M.J.; CIMINARI, HERNAN; REINA, JOHN H.; SILVA, JONATAN J. da ; CESPEDES, JONNATHAN; MARRERO, JUAN C.A.; RASCADO, JUAN L.G.; PALLOTTA, JUAN; HOELZEMANN, JUDITH; ARBOLEDAS, LUCAS A.; SALLES, M.ALEJANDRA; SILVA, MARCOS P.A. da; SAMMARA, RENATA; FORNO, RICARDO N.; PAPANDREA, SEBASTIAN. LALINET network status. EPJ Web of Conferences, v. 237, p. 1-4, 2020. DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/202023705008

    Abstract: LALINET (Latin American Lidar Network) follows its goal to consolidation as a federative lidar network to provide regional coverage over Latin America in providing aerosol and greenhouse gas profiles following QA/QC protocols and promoting the development of researchers and students in atmopheric science field. We show recent results on different approaches for studying the optical properties of the atmosphere regarding aerosols at tropospheric and stratospheric level and greenhouse gas mixing ratio profiles followed by our recent support and validation efforts towards present and future satellite missions.

    Palavras-Chave: computer networks; optical radar; inventories; monitoring; optical properties; distribution

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  • IPEN-DOC 28535

    LANDULFO, EDUARDO ; CACHEFFO, ALEXANDRE ; YOSHIDA, ALEXANDRE C. ; GOMES, ANTONIO A. ; LOPES, FABIO J. da S. ; MOREIRA, GREGORI de A. ; SILVA, JONATAN J. da ; ANDRIOLI, VANIA; PIMENTA, ALEXANDRE; WANG, CHI; XU, JIYAO; MARTINS, MARIA P.P.; BATISTA, PAULO; BARBOSA, HENRIQUE de M.J.; GOUVEIA, DIEGO A.; GONZALEZ, BORIS B.; ZAMORANO, FELIX; QUEL, EDUARDO; PEREIRA, CLODOMYRA; WOLFRAM, ELIAN; CASASOLA, FACUNDO I.; ORTE, FACUNDO; SALVADOR, JACOBO O.; PALLOTTA, JUAN V.; OTERO, LIDIA A.; PRIETO, MARIA; RISTORI, PABLO R.; BRUSCA, SILVINA; ESTUPINAN, JOHN H.R.; BARRERA, ESTIVEN S.; ANTUNA-MARRERO, JUAN C.; FORNO, RICARDO; ANDRADE, MARCOS; HOELZEMANN, JUDITH J.; GUEDES, ANDERSON G.; SOUSA, CRISTINA T.; OLIVEIRA, DANIEL C.F. dos S.; DUARTE, EDICLE de S.F.; SILVA, MARCOS P.A. da; SANTOS, RENATA S. da S. . Lidar observations in South America: Part II - troposphere. In: HAMMOND, ANDREW (Ed.). Remote Sensing. London, United Kingdom: IntechOpen, 2021. p. 1-36, cap. 2. DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.95451

    Abstract: In Part II of this chapter, we intend to show the significant advances and results concerning aerosols’ tropospheric monitoring in South America. The tropospheric lidar monitoring is also supported by the Latin American Lidar Network (LALINET). It is concerned about aerosols originating from urban pollution, biomass burning, desert dust, sea spray, and other primary sources. Cloud studies and their impact on radiative transfer using tropospheric lidar measurements are also presented.

    Palavras-Chave: environment; environmental quality; air quality; air pollution monitoring; controlled atmospheres; aerosols; optical radar; atmospheres; satellite atmospheres

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  • IPEN-DOC 28534

    LANDULFO, EDUARDO ; CACHEFFO, ALEXANDRE ; YOSHIDA, ALEXANDRE C. ; GOMES, ANTONIO A. ; LOPES, FABIO J. da S. ; MOREIRA, GREGORI de A. ; SILVA, JONATAN J. da ; ANDRIOLI, VANIA; PIMENTA, ALEXANDRE; WANG, CHI; XU, JIYAO; MARTINS, MARIA P.P.; BATISTA, PAULO; BARBOSA, HENRIQUE de M.J.; GOUVEIA, DIEGO A.; GONZALEZ, BORIS B.; ZAMORANO, FELIX; QUEL, EDUARDO; PEREIRA, CLODOMYRA; WOLFRAM, ELIAN; CASASOLA, FACUNDO I.; ORTE, FACUNDO; SALVADOR, JACOBO O.; PALLOTTA, JUAN V.; OTERO, LIDIA A.; PRIETO, MARIA; RISTORI, PABLO R.; BRUSCA, SILVINA; ESTUPINAN, JOHN H.R.; BARRERA, ESTIVEN S.; ANTUNA-MARRERO, JUAN C.; FORNO, RICARDO; ANDRADE, MARCOS; HOELZEMANN, JUDITH J.; GUEDES, ANDERSON G.; SOUSA, CRISTINA T.; OLIVEIRA, DANIEL C.F. dos S.; DUARTE, EDICLE de S.F.; SILVA, MARCOS P.A. da; SANTOS, RENATA S. da S. . Lidar observations in South America: Part I - mesosphere and stratosphere. In: HAMMOND, ANDREW (Ed.). Remote Sensing. London, United Kingdom: IntechOpen, 2021. p. 1-23, cap. 1. DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.95038

    Abstract: South America covers a large area of the globe and plays a fundamental function in its climate change, geographical features, and natural resources. However, it still is a developing area, and natural resource management and energy production are far from a sustainable framework, impacting the air quality of the area and needs much improvement in monitoring. There are significant activities regarding laser remote sensing of the atmosphere at different levels for different purposes. Among these activities, we can mention the mesospheric probing of sodium measurements and stratospheric monitoring of ozone, and the study of wind and gravity waves. Some of these activities are long-lasting and count on the support from the Latin American Lidar Network (LALINET). We intend to pinpoint the most significant scientific achievements and show the potential of carrying out remote sensing activities in the continent and show its correlations with other earth science connections and synergies. In Part I of this chapter, we will present an overview and significant results of lidar observations in the mesosphere and stratosphere. Part II will be dedicated to tropospheric observations.

    Palavras-Chave: environment; air quality; atmospheres; remote sensing; earth atmosphere; optical radar; satellite atmospheres

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  • IPEN-DOC 27015

    LANDULFO, EDUARDO ; LOPES, FABIO J.S. ; MOREIRA, GREGORI A. ; GUERRERO-RASCADO, JUAN L.; ALADOS-ARBOLEDAS, LUCAS; HOELZEMANN, JUDITH J.; FERNANDEZ, JOSE H.; LEME, NEUSA P.. Observation and characterization of the transcontinental aerosol transportation from Africa to South America continent: introducing a new Lidar system to LALINET. In: WORKSHOP ON LIDAR MEASUREMENTS IN LATIN AMERICA, 8th, April 6-10, 2015, Cayo Coco, Cuba. Abstract... 2015.

    Abstract: Saharan mineral dust can affect the environment and climatic processes from the Western Africa, Europe and the Eastern region of Americas due the large carrying processes of dust aerosol. This type of aerosol can interact with the incoming energy from the Sun and alter radiation budget of the Earth-atmosphere system. Dust particles can also change the cloud lifetime and albedo; they can induce precipitation and indirectly influence the convective clouds height. Several studies have been conducted to understanding the physical and optical properties of dust particles, using systems onboard satellites, airborne or ground-based instruments. However, most of the studies were focused on African, European or North America regions. In order to fill the scientific knowledge gap in the South America region it has been developed a new lidar system to study the transcontinental transportation of dust aerosols from Sahara region to South America. The project has as objectives monitoring the dust aerosols transportation seasonality, their vertical distributions in the atmosphere, their physical and optical properties and their influences on the radiative budget. For this task, a four-channel ground based lidar for aerosol profiling, including polarization, is being deployed at the city of Natal, in the North-Northeast region of Brazil. In this study, we present a review of the project current instrumental status, instrument technical specification, the potential results to be obtained and the entire performance test to be done in order to introduce the new lidar system into Latin American Network LALINET according to procedures developed by Guerrero-Rascado et al 2014.

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  • IPEN-DOC 28813

    MOREIRA, GREGORI de A. ; OLIVEIRA, AMAURI P. de; SANCHEZ, MACIEL P.; CODATO, GEORGIA; LOPES, FABIO J. da S. ; LANDULFO, EDUARDO ; MARQUES FILHO, EDSON P.. Performance assessment of aerosol-lidar remote sensing skills to retrieve the time evolution of the urban boundary layer height in the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo City, Brazil. Atmospheric Research, v. 277, p. 1-16, 2022. DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosres.2022.106290

    Abstract: This paper investigates the performance of seven methods of retrieving the planetary boundary layer height (PBLH) from lidar measurements carried out in the Metropolitan Region of S˜ao Paulo (MRSP) during two MCITY-BRAZIL field campaigns of 2013. The performance is objectively assessed considering as reference the PBLH retrieved from rawinsonde carried out every 3 h during these campaigns. The role of clouds and aerosol load in the performance of the seven methods is analysed considering three case study scenarios representative of typical atmospheric conditions in the MRSP: (a) winter clean atmosphere, (b) summer low clouds and aerosol multilayers, (c) summer sea-breeze intrusion. Corroborating the case study results, the objective analysis indicated that most of the lidar methods retrieved PBLH closer to the top of the entrainment zone than the mixed layer, contradicting their definition. During daytime, the Wavelet Covariance Transform Method performs better than all the other six methods. The Inflexion Point Method performed better to estimate the Residual Layer height during night-time. In average, the diurnal evolution of the PBLH and its local rate of change based on lidar and rawinsonde measurements are in agreement.

    Palavras-Chave: aerosols; remote sensing; optical radar; urban areas; boundary layers

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