Abstract: Tobacco plant Nicotiana tabacum L. is used in the manufacture of all derivate products and the chemistry composition resulting of smoking varies with the kind of tobacco leaves, how they are grown, their original region, the features of preparation and the temperature variations resulting from the incomplete combustion of tobacco. There is a lack of information about the radiological and chemistry characterization of the tobacco plant in international and mainly Brazilian literature. The objective of this study was to determine the concentration of the elements As, Ba, Br, Ca, Ce, Co, Cr, Cs, Eu, Fe, Hf, K, La, Lu, Na, Nd, Rb, Sb, Sc, Se, Sm, Ta, Tb, Th, U, Yb and Zn in the Nicotiana tabacum L., Virginia variety, by the Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis (INAA) technique. The INAA was used in the Virginia variety cultivated at IPEN and the same variety cultivated in the city of Arvorezinha, Rio Grande do Sul by a regular producer. The samples cultivated in Arvorezinha were separated in soil, root, stem and leaves and the samples cultivated at IPEN were separated in substrate, root, stem and leaves. The results of rare earth elements showed a similar behavior among the plants, with higher results in soil and substrate and in the leaves. It was observed that the plants of the producers presented higher concentration of the studied elements when compared to the plants cultivated in IPEN. These higher concentrations are probably due to the addition of fertilizers to the producer’s crop and also because these elements can accumulate in the soil due to many years of use, different from the substrate used in the IPEN cultivation.

SANTOS, T.O.; SILVA, C.F.; DAMATTO, S.R. Assessment of trace elements concentration in Nicotiana tabacum L., Virginia variety. In: 60 YEARS OF IEA-R1: INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON UTILIZATION OF RESEARCH REACTORS, November 28 - December 01, 2017, São Paulo, SP. Abstract... São Paulo, SP: Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, 2017. p. 49-49. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/28747. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: Na-22 is a naturally occurring radionuclide of cosmogenic origin with half live of 2.6 years, being a beta and gamma emitter (541keV and 1274.5keV, respectively). This cosmogenic radionuclide is mainly formed when cosmic rays interact with argon nucleus, occurring a fragmentation of this nucleus. The process of production of 22Na occur continually in upper atmosphere, lower stratosphere and rainfall is the predominantly process of deposition of cosmogenic radionuclides in terrestrial surface. Na-22 together with 7Be (T1/2) = 53.3 d, gamma ray 476.7keV) can be used as tracers in studies of aerosol transport between layers of the atmosphere. At the same time 22Na is rarely used in these studies due to its extremely low abundance in rainfall. The objectives of this work were to present the first results 22Na activity concentration measured in rainfall collected at the IPEN campus located in São Paulo, Brazil. Large volumes of rainfall samples were collected from October 2022 to April 2023, totaling 20 samples, and 22Na activity concentration was measured by non-destructive gamma-ray spectrometry using a coaxial Be-layer HPGe detector with 46% relative efficiency and associated electronic devices and live counting time varying from 250,000 s to 500,000 s; the rainfall volumes ranged from 14 L to 164 L. The collection container was previously acidified with 1mol L-1 HNO3 to avoid loss of radionuclide by absorption on the container walls. The first eight rainfall samples were collected in a catchment area of 1m2, which was not enough to measure the radionuclide, since all the determined results were smaller than the detection limit of the methodology. After these results, it was decided to increase the catchment area by collecting rainfall samples from the roof of the laboratory building, in an area of 78 m2; the container used to collect samples from this area was also acidified with 1 mol L-1 HNO3. In this new area, 12 rainfall samples were collected, however, as the volume of rainfall was very large in the rains collected, only one sample was acidified, a rainfall of 2 mm and a volume of 98 L; in the other samples, the large volume of rain did not allow the water to become acidic because the collection container overflowed with water. In the acidified rainfall sample, the result of 0.725 ± 0.252 Bq L-1 was determined for the radionuclide 22Na. With this result, it is possible to prove the importance of both the catchment area and the acidulation of the sample in the determination of trace radionuclides in rainfall samples.

DAMATTO, S.R.; DOMINGOS, R.M.; TEIXEIRA, L.; ISIKI, V.L.; ALENCAR, M.M.; LEONARDO, L. Challenges in measuring 22Na in rainfall by gamma spectrometry in the city of São Paulo, Brazil. In: INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY, 7th, September 17-22, 2023, Seville, Spain. Abstract... Seville, Spain: Universidad de Sevilla, 2023. p. 204-204. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/34456. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: Taiaçupeba reservoir, located in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, belongs to Producer System of Alto Tietê (Sistema Produtor Alto Tietê –SPAT) and it is responsible for water supply for about 3.1 million of people. The water quality of a reservoir became very important in the last decades due to the increase of environmental degradation of the soil and its several uses. Trace and major elements can accumulate in high levels in soil and sediment, and the study of its concentration can indicate if the ecosystem is polluted. Therefore, the study of soil profiles and sediment cores are an important tool for the understanding of geophysical and geochemical aspects of aquatic ecosystems. The objective of this work was to present the elements As, Ba, Br, Ca, Ce, Co, Cr, Cs, Eu, Fe, Hf, K, La, Lu, Na, Nd, Rb, Sb, Sc, Ta, Tb, Th, U, Yb and Zn concentrations using Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis (INAA) in four soil profiles and four sediment cores collected in the influence area of Taiaçupeba reservoir. To verify if these elements could be enriched and the ecosystem polluted the Enrichment Factor and the Geoacumulation Index were also used. Soil profiles were collected in trenches up to 2m deep and sampled every 5 cm; in the laboratory the samples were dried at room temperature. The sediment samples were collected with a manual PVC sampler sliced every 2 cm or according to their textural characteristics, and dried in an oven at 50 C; the length of the sediment cores ranged from 42 cm to 61 cm. After drying, soil and sediment samples were sieved in a 2 mm mesh and packed in polyethylene bottles for INAA. The elements Na, As and Sb presented the highest values for both soil and sediment samples, implying in continuous, regular and spatial monitoring of the reservoir. One sediment core presented a very high concentration of the element Zn when compared to the values of the Upper Continental Crust, indicating a possible anthropic contribution from the region’s industries and classifying the reservoir as extremely polluted in relation to this element. In the evaluation of the enrichment factor it was concluded that the soil presented very high enrichment for the elements Na, As and Sb and the sediment presented very severe enrichment for the elements Na, As and Zn.

LEONARDO, L.; SOUZA, J.M.; DAMATTO, S.R.; SURKOV, A.M.; MADUAR, M.F.; SILVA, A.R. Inorganic chemical characterization of the soil and sediment from Taiaçupeba Reservoir, São Paulo. In: 60 YEARS OF IEA-R1: INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON UTILIZATION OF RESEARCH REACTORS, November 28 - December 01, 2017, São Paulo, SP. Abstract... São Paulo, SP: Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, 2017. p. 37-38. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/28734. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: Cultivation and consumption of tobacco in Brazil began before Portuguese colonization and in the current scenario Brazil stands out as the second largest producer of the plant. This crop has great agricultural importance for three states in the southern region of the country; Paraná, Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul, responsible for 95% of all production. The chemical composition of the tobacco products varies according to plant variety, region of cultivation and preparation of the products (washes, additives, flavorings, among others). Tobacco products are the second most commonly used drug among Brazilian students. Many papers in the international literature present studies on the chemical and radiological composition of several tobacco products, but few studies are found regarding the same composition of the derivatives produced in Brazil. Various toxic elements such as Al, As, Cd, Co, Cr, Hg, Ni and Pb can be found in the tobacco products. The aim of the present study was to determine the inorganic chemical composition of the main tobacco products consumed in Brazil, using the techniques of Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis - INAA technique to determine the elements: As, Ba, Br, Ca, Ce, Co, Cr, Cs, Fe, Hf, La, Na, Rb, Sc, Sm, Th and Zn and the X-Ray Fluorescence technique for determining the elements: Al, Cd, Cl, Cu, Hg, I, K, Mg, Mn, Ni, P, Pb, S, Sb, Se, Sr and U in 82 samples of tobacco derivatives: 20 unflavoured cigarettes, 9 flavored cigarettes, 14 straw cigarettes, 6 cigars and 33 rope fumes.

OLIVEIRA, A.; DAMATTO, S.R. Inorganic chemical composition of brazilian tobacco products. In: 60 YEARS OF IEA-R1: INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON UTILIZATION OF RESEARCH REACTORS, November 28 - December 01, 2017, São Paulo, SP. Abstract... São Paulo, SP: Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, 2017. p. 15-15. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/28706. Acesso em: $DATA.

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