Abstract: Lipase cartridges are currently the mainstay of treatment to improve fat absorption related to pancreatic insufficiency (PI) in patients receiving enteral nutrition feedings. Enzyme immobilization is an essential prerequisite for designing lipase cartridges systems for efficient enzymatic fat hydrolysis. A microfluidic approach has been adopted to produce lipase (LIP) caged in hyperbranched polyglycerol microcapsules (HPGly). The resulting HPGly-LIP microcapsules are spherical and had an average diameter of 29 µm with monomodal size distribution. The optimum conditions determined by artificial neural networks were HPGly concentration of 10 wt.%, LIP loading of 20% (wt) and total flow rate in microfluidic cell of 1.0 mL/h. Under these conditions, the maximum capacity of the LIP that can be microencapsulated is around 85% with respect to the HPGly concentration of 10 wt.% and total flow rate in microfluidic cell of 1.0 mL/h. This resultant HPGly-LIP exhibited Michaelis–Menten coefficients of 1.138,14 mM (Km) and 0.49 U/mg (Vmax) showing higher activity compared to free LIP. Finally, the robust HPGly-LIP microcapsules showed excellent recyclability. The in vitro Analysis of the HPGly-LIP cytotoxicity showed that microcapsules had no cytotoxic effect to L929 fibroblasts cells and behaved very similar to the negative control. These features will be useful for the facile construction of biocatalytic systems with high efficiency, excellent recyclability and adequate biocompatibility for treatment of patients with PI receiving enteral nutrition feedings.

Palavras-Chave: pancreas; inflammation; lipases; glycerol; toxicity

ALVES, ANDRESSA A.; QUEIROZ, ALFREDO A.A.E. de; SOARES, CARLOS R.J.; QUEIROZ, ALVARO A.A. de. Microfluidic caging lipase in hyperbranched polyglycerol microcapsules for extracorporeal treatment of enzyme pancreatic insufficiency. Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition, v. 32, n. 18, p. 2349-2368, 2021. DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2021.1971820. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/32551. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: Laser surface texturing (LST) is widely explored for modifying the surface topography of various materials. In this study, a detailed investigation of laser textured surfaces produced on austenitic stainless steel (AISI 304) was carried out. Three different textures (square, parallel, perpendicular) were produced by a Ti sapphire laser. The processed surfaces were characterized by surface morphology, phase structure, microhardness, surface roughness, and wettability. A ball-on-disk tribometer was used to study the tribological performance of both untextured and textured samples. The experimental observations demonstrate that LST improves both surface wettability and surface roughness. Average surface roughness (Ra) was increased by 350% and the contact angle was reduced from 43° to 22°. The textured surfaces show a lower coefficient of friction and better wear resistance than the untextured surface. Out of the investigated patterns, the square textures exhibited a maximum reduction of 68% in the friction coefficient and a 50% lower wear rate.

Palavras-Chave: austenitic steels; stainless steels; lasers; surface properties; texture

AHMED, YASSMIN S.; DePAIVA, JOSE M.; AMORIM, FRED L.; TORRES, RICARDO D.; ROSSI, WAGNER de; VELDHUIS, STEPHEN C. Laser surface texturing and characterization of austenitic stainless steel for the improvement of its surface properties. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, v. 115, n. 5-6, p. 1795-1808, 2021. DOI: 10.1007/s00170-021-07284-z. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/32549. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: Zirconia containing 12 mol-% cerium oxide ceramics were prepared by solid state reaction utilising the conventional, fast firing and two-step sintering methods. The sintering temperature and time were varied aiming to determine ideal sintering profile for these methods. The monoclinic and tetragonal phase contents, microstructure and electrical conductivity of dense specimens were investigated. The linear shrinkage was found negligible up to 1100°C and the maximum rate of shrinkage was achieved at 1150°C. Densification increased up to 2 h for conventional sintered specimens. Stabilisation of tetragonal phase in non-isothermally sintered specimens occurred at a high temperature (1500°C). Specimens sintered by the two-step method attained high density along with small grain sizes. Optimised sintering profiles were determined for all the sintering methods used.

Palavras-Chave: microstructure; electric conductivity; sintering; polycrystals; tetragonal lattices

FERREIRA, L.A.S.; MUCCILLO, E.N.S. Influence of the sintering method on densification, microstructure and electrical conductivity of 12Ce-TZP. Advances in Applied Ceramics, v. 120, n. 4, p. 202–208, 2021. DOI: 10.1080/17436753.2021.1919362. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/32525. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: The aim of the present work was to define a bacterial expression system that is particularly efficient for the synthesis of recombinant human prolactin (hPRL). In previous work, based on experiments that were basically carried out in parallel with the present ones, the synthesis of rec-hPRL by the p1813-hPRL vector in E. coli HB2151 was >500 mg/L, while it was much lower here (2.5–4-fold), in the RB791 and RRI strains. The highest positive influence on rec-hPRL synthesis was due to the transcription-replication co-orientation of hPRL cDNA and the ori/antibiotic resistance gene, responsible for up to a ~ 5–6-fold higher expression yield. In conclusion, this work confirmed that each bacterial strain of E. coli has a genetic background that can allow a different level of heterologous protein synthesis. The individual study of each element indicated that its action critically depends on the reading orientation in which it is located inside the vector: co-directional orientation of replication and transcription, in fact, greatly increased the level of rec-hPRL expression

Palavras-Chave: lth; escherichia coli; collisions; plasmids; dna

AFFONSO, REGINA; SUZUKI, MIRIAM F.; MAGALHAES, GERALDO S.; BARTOLINI, PAOLO. Influence of the expression vector and its elements on recombinant human prolactin synthesis in Escherichia coli; co-directional orientation of replication and transcription is highly critical. Journal of Microbiological Methods, v. 191, p. 1-8, 2021. DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2021.106340. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/32515. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: A modified 45S5 Bioglass® containing 2 mol% alumina and 2 mol% strontium oxide was prepared. In vitro bioactivity in powder and monolithic samples was conducted. Fourier transform infrared analysis and pH change in simulated body fluid were investigated for powder samples after 480 min of immersion. Additionally, X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy after 7 and 14 days of immersion in simulated body fluid were investigated for monolithic samples. The formation of phosphate and carbonate phase precursors of hydroxycarbonate apatite was observed after 480 min for powder samples, and the hydroxycarbonate apatite pattern and morphology were confirmed after 7 days of immersion for monolithic samples. It seems that changes in composition did not affect reactivity but caused a decrease in the maxima of pH. Cytotoxicity and cell viability obtained by using the NCTC clone 929 cell line did not show any significant loss of cell viability or cytotoxicity. Moreover, after overnight incubation, the samples demonstrated safe disinfection for Escherichia coli. For these reasons, the use of these new bioactive glasses can be considered a promising alternative for the reconstruction of bone defects and even for the treatment and suppression of bone infections.

Palavras-Chave: antibiotics; aluminium oxides; strontium; toxicity; apatites; biological materials

ARAUJO, M.S.; SILVA, A.C.; CABAL, B.; BARTOLOME, J.F.; MELLO-CASTANHO, S. In vitro bioactivity and antibacterial capacity of 45S5 Bioglass®-based compositions containing alumina and strontium. Journal of Materials Research and Technology, v. 13, p. 154-161, 2021. DOI: 10.1016/j.jmrt.2021.04.053. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/32513. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: Insects are being used as foods in both ancient and present days in different societies. A FAO report of 2013 reckoned that insect, farming in a that large-scale, would be the most effective way to addressed global food insecurity. At present nevertheless, there are poor knowledge on sustainably of farm insects and about species that would be best suited commercially. In the present work a tentative was made to describe the state of the art up to today on the subject of edible insects with emphasis on the important facts about them. In particular, special attention was given to Tenebrio molitor and Hermetia illucens, considered among the most promising insect larvae with extraordinary potential to be a food source alternative. The role that they can play when looking for more environmentally friendly alternatives for proteins and fats and the role of edible insects in the preservation of the environment were highlighted. A survey on the Web of Science data base was made in order to establish the evolution on the number of published articles about edible insects and in particular the two mentioned edible insects with time. it is worth mentioning that until the 1980 decade, the number of published articles on edible insects was very poor. In the mentioned data base, it was found that the first article on that subject was published on 1973. The amazing and increasing interest on experimental studies using edible insects in the last three decades correlate to the search for alternative sources of quality proteins and other important nutrients found in edible insects, besides the classical protein sources such as meat or to a less extent, plant proteins.

Palavras-Chave: insects; food processing; nutrients; sustainability; proteins

MASTRO, NELIDA L. del. Evolution of the interest on edible insects. American Journal of Biological and Environmental Statistics, v. 7, n. 2, p. 52-56, 2021. DOI: 10.11648/j.ajbes.20210702.13. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/32493. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: Okra is a very important vegetable in simple world cuisine. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effects of gamma radiation of Cobalt-60 in the conservation of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus). After 1 day of okras’s harvest, they were selected based in the size, presence of mechanical and phytophatologycal damages, and put in polystyrene trays and covered with thin polyethylene film. Then they were irradiated with doses of: 0 (control); 75; 100; 125; 150 and 200 Gy, at a dose rate of 0.259 kGy/h. The experiment was carried out in chamber regulated at 10o C of temperature and 80% of relative humidity. All analyses physical and chemical of the samples were carried out after 7 and 15 days of the storage. The results did not show any significative difference between the control and irradiated samples, except the viscosity that decreased with the increase of the dose of radiation. The dose of 75 Gy can be indicated to the conservation of okras because it was the one that showed best result in the coloration of okras.

Palavras-Chave: vegetables; gamma radiation; food processing; ionizing radiations; cobalt 60; chemical analysis

ARTHUR, PAULA B.; LEANDRO, RODRIGO S.R.; HARDER, LARISSA N.C.; HARDER, MARCIA N.C.; ARTHUR, VALTER. Effects of gamma radiation in okra’s conservation. Horticulture International Journal, v. 5, n. 3, p. 134-137, 2021. DOI: 10.15406/hij.2021.05.00219. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/32491. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: The treatment of wastewater and industrial effluents by electron beam irradiation is a promising technique, however, not very widespread in Brazilian territory. The design and construction of a mobile unit by the Nuclear and Energy Research Institute, containing an electron beam accelerator of 700 keV and 20 kW is innovative to demonstrate the effects and positive results of this technology. The aim is to transfer the mobile unit to several companies with interest in liquid waste treatment, connect to the industry electrical system and start the ionization treatment process through electron beam. The mobile unit connection to the local electrical system may be a challenge due to the great diversity of voltages and distances involved, as well as the large injections of harmonic content generated by the electron beam accelerator that can affect sensitive loads in the industrial system. In this work, an analysis of the electrical power system of the mobile unit was made, regarding the interruption capacity, selectivity protection and adequate short circuit levels, in order to assure a greater reliability in the operation. At the end, the control panel of the mobile unit, simulations and measurements were carried out at the 1.5 MeV and 37.5 kW electron beam accelerator, installed in the Radiation Technology Center, demonstrating the necessity of applying a filter to reduce the measured harmonic distortion. The analysis of the mobile unit electrical power system was made, in order to assure a greater reliability in the operation.

Palavras-Chave: water treatment; waste water; liquid wastes; electrical engineering; power systems; electron beams

GASPER, RENATO R.; SOMESSARI, SAMIR L.; SPRENGER, FRANCISCO E.; FEHER, ANSELMO; DUARTE, CELINA L.; SAMPA, MARIA H. de O.; LAINETTI, FABIANA de F.; BRAGA, ALCIDES; RODRIGUES, MARCOS de M.; CALVO, WILSON A.P. Developing an electrical power system of a mobile electron beam accelerator to treat wastewater and industrial effluents. Brazilian Journal of Development, v. 7, n. 11, p. 102366-102379, 2021. DOI: 10.34117/bjdv7n11-046. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/32481. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: The conversion of methane into methanol is one of the great challenges in the photocatalysis. In this investigation WO3/TiO2 photocatalysts was synthesized by sodium borohydride (NaBH4) method. The tungsten concentration was studied in the range of 5 to 20 atomic ratio. XRD results revealed a TiO2 anatase phase and WO3 peaks near the background noise. However, WO3 presence has been highlighted by Raman spectroscopy, indicating the existence of both orthorhombic and amorphous phase.The photocatalyst experiments showed that all materials enable the methanol production in UVC irradiation, and only the materials with WO3 content produced the alcohol in white light irradiation. The high conversion was observed for WO3(10)/TiO2(90) with 3.5 mmol h-1. The conversion of methane to methanol was most promising using WO3(10)/TiO2(90) due high conversion and no other products observed in FTIR spectra.

Palavras-Chave: methane; methanol; porous materials; photocatalysis; reactors

YOVANOVICH, MARCOS; SILVA, ARACELI J. da; SOUZA, RODRIGO F.B. de; USSUI, VALTER; NETO OLIVEIRA, ALMIR; LAZAR, DOLORES R.R. Conversion of methane to methanol using WO3/TiO2 porous photocatalyst. International Journal of Electrochemical Science, v. 16, n. 7, p. 1-14, 2021. DOI: 10.20964/2021.07.65. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/32471. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: Brine sludge (BS) is an industrial waste generated in large amounts by the Chlor-alkali industry and, usually disposed into industrial landfills. Because BS contains several chemical compounds, also presents a potential environmental impact. The feasibility of the utilization of brine sludge wastes for the preparation of value-added materials was investigated. The characterization of two brine sludge samples was performed in terms of chemical and physical composition, particle size distribution, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and thermal analysis (DTA/TG). Elements like Ca, Si, Na, Mg, Al, Cl, and Fe were identified in the samples. The XRD results confirmed the crystalline nature of compounds and indicated that the main compounds in brine sludge samples were calcium carbonate, sodium chloride, magnesium hydroxide, and quartz. FTIR showed the presence of varying functional groups like carbonate, siloxane, and hydroxide. The two brine sludge samples can be considered as a fine powder with the mean diameter (d50) of 4.984 µm and 24.574 µm, for the BS from Santo André and Cubatão, respectively. The results indicated that the brine sludge samples presented favorable characteristics to use limestone ?ller and binder alternative to Portland cement in the nonstructural construction materials. The incorporation of brine sludge in geopolymeric materials is another possible use in sustainable construction material products. The production of value-added products from brine sludge will be an important contribution towards sustainable development adopted by the Chlor-alkali industry.

Palavras-Chave: brines; sludges; chlorine; chemical composition; industrial wastes; solid wastes; concretes; composite materials

IZIDORO, JULIANA de C.; FUNGARO, DENISE A.; VIVIANI, LUCIANA C.; SILVA, ROGERIO da C. Brine sludge waste from a Chlor-alkali industry: characterization and its application for non-structural and structural construction materials. Journal of Applied Materials and Technology, v. 3, n. 1, p. 1-7, 2021. DOI: 10.31258/Jamt.3.1.1-7. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/32467. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: Anion-exchange membrane fuel cells (AEMFCs) are rapidly gaining visibility in the clean energy research field due to their high power output and potential to significantly reduce materials costs. However, despite the high performances obtained, in-operando stability still presents a major obstacle for this technology. The durability issues are usually attributed to the core component of the AEMFCs - the anion-exchange membrane (AEM). An easy and simple way to produce these AEMs is through radiation grafting. Radiation-induced processes involve changes in the intrinsic properties of the polymer that can promote both crosslinking and chain scissioning, which may directly affect the mechanical properties and durability of AEMs. This study presents a comprehensive report of the effects of irradiation on the final properties of electron-beam grafted ETFE-AEMs. The results strongly suggest that low absorbed doses (<40 kGy) and an inert atmosphere (N2) should be used during the irradiation process in order to obtain better backbone stability and, consequently, AEMFC durability, considering ETFE-based AEMs.

Palavras-Chave: anions; fuel cells; proton exchange membrane fuel cells; cross-linking; stability; skeleton

BIANCOLLI, ANA L.G.; BSOUL-HAJ, SAJA; DOUGLIN, JOHN C.; BARBOSA, ANDREY S.; SOUSA JUNIOR, ROGERIO R. de; RODRIGUES JUNIOR, ORLANDO; LANFREDI, ALEXANDRE J.C.; DAKEL, DARIO R.; SANTIAGO, ELISABETE I. High-performance radiation grafted anion-exchange membranes for fuel cell applications: Effects of irradiation conditions on ETFE-based membranes properties. Journal of Membrane Science, v. 641, p. 1-12, 2022. DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2021.119879. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/32463. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE), Low-Density Polyethylene (LDPE), Polypropylene (PP), and recycled Poly(Ethylene Terephthalate) (PET) are widely applied as packaging materials worldwide, and they correspond to more than 50 % of the plastic residues present in municipal solid waste. Currently, it is needed to develop effective methods to ensure the identification and sorting of plastic waste to guarantee necessary purity to obtain quality and economically viable recycled goods from post-consumer plastic. As an attempt to that, we investigated the applicability of Confocal Raman Scattering Spectroscopy (Confocal Raman) combined with Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Linear Partial Least Squares Regression by Intervals (iPLS-R) and Competitive Adaptive Weighted Sampling (CARS/PLS-R) as fast chemometric tools to identify and classify pristine and recycled mixtures of HDPE and LDPE from municipal solid waste in São Paulo, Brazil. We found several limitations in applying this procedure to classify the different polyethylenes and their polymer blends using the Principal Components (PC) from PCA analysis. iPLS-R regression model presents more effectiveness than the CARS/PLS-R model to detect the LDPE content in recycled HDPE/LDPE blends, both being influenced by different contaminants (PP, PET, SiO2, and CaCO3) added in these recycled plastics.

Palavras-Chave: raman spectroscopy; polyethylenes; wastes; plastics; thermal gravimetric analysis

SILVA, DANIEL J. da; PARRA, DUCLERC F.; WIEBECK, HELIO. Applying confocal Raman spectroscopy and different linear multivariate analyses to sort polyethylene residues. Chemical Engineering Journal, v. 426, p. 1-13, 2021. DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2021.131344. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/32457. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: Non-consolidated information base, repetitive work, and data unreliability are some of the issues that may hamper a radioactive waste characterization program. Therefore, an algorithmic software model for the characterization of radioactive waste is proposed to boost waste management in nuclear-based facilities. The data obtained have enabled the construction of a guide code in the pseudotechnical language. The developed system fully covered the characterization stage, and met the needs identified in the radioactive waste management service. Here, we propose systematic documentation of the characterization methods that are employed during the radioactive waste management processes, besides formulating the system’s data recording.

Palavras-Chave: algorithms; nuclear data collections; radioactive waste management; site characterization

TESSARO, ANA P.G.; ARAUJO, LEANDRO G. de; TSUTSUMIUCHI, VICTOR K.; OLIVEIRA JUNIOR, JULIO de; VICENTE, ROBERTO. An algorithmic software model for the characterization of radioactive waste. Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry, v. 330, n. 1, p. 279–292, 2021. DOI: 10.1007/s10967-021-07934-2. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/32455. Acesso em: $DATA.

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