IPEN: Recent submissions

  • IPEN-DOC 27619

    SOPER, FIONA; COVEY, KRISTOFER R.; PANGALA, SUNITHA R.; BERNADINO, ANGELO; BASSO, LUANA S. ; CASSOL, HENRIQUE L.G.; FEARNSIDE, PHILIP M.; NOVOA, SIDNEY; SAWAKUCHI, HENRIQUE O.; LOVEJOY, THOMAS; MARENGO, JOSE A.; PERES, CARLOS; BERNASCONI, PAULA; NARDOTO, GABRIELA B.; NOBRE, ISMAEL; MESQUITA, RITA G.; PINTO, FLAVIA; HOFFMAN, BRUCE; FREITAS, CAROLINA; ASSIS, RAFAEL L. de; BAHL, ALEXIS A.; ELMORE, AURORA; BAILLIE, JONATHON. Carbon and beyond: interactive global change impacts on Amazon biogeochemical cycles. In: AGU FALL MEETING, December 1-17, 2020, Online. Abstract... Washington, DC, USA: American Geophysical Union, 2020.

    Abstract: The Amazon is at the center of an intensifying conversation about multiple anthropogenic impacts, both direct (e.g. land use change) and indirect (climate and hydrologic change). Thus far, research has focused primarily on the cycling and storage of carbon (C) and its implications for global climate. Missing is a holistic consideration of the interactions between these anthropogenic impacts and the full suite of climate forcing agents originating in the basin, including other greenhouse gases (methane, nitrous oxide), biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs), black C, transpiration and albedo. Doing so is complicated by the very large variation in biophysical, ecological, cultural and political factors across the large area of the basin. Here, we synthesize the current understanding of 1) the nature, extent, rates and drivers of all major anthropogenic changes, and 2) their expected magnitude and direction of effect on each major climate forcing agent. Studied anthropogenic impacts span a range of scales and include deforestation, agricultural conversion, hydrologic and climatic regime change, reservoir construction, fire, mining/oil extraction, hunting, severe storms and others. We identify key knowledge gaps and identify likely impacts on the net climate forcing effect of the region. We conclude that the current net positive radiative forcing of non-CO2 agents in the Amazon (in particular methane, nitrous oxide and black C) is likely be equal to or greater than the more often considered CO2 climate impact. If unchecked, the majority of anthropogenic change agents are likely to further increase net radiative forcing from the region, both by reducing C uptake and increasing emission of other agents. Most significant rate and response uncertainties are associated with 1) methane production in seasonally inundated areas and effects of temperature/hydrologic change 2) patterns and radiative forcing impacts of BVOCs, 3) impacts of spatially/temporally variable phenomena such as severe storms and 4) biogeochemical and ecological resiliency of freshwater systems. Given the large contribution of these less-recognized forcing agents, a continuing focus on a single metric of climate service is incompatible with understanding and managing the biogeochemistry of climate in a rapidly changing Amazon.

    Palavras-Chave: carbon; carbon oxides; environment; climatic change; greenhouse effect; amazon river; environmental degradation; environmental impacts; methane

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  • IPEN-DOC 27618

    BASSO, LUANA S.; GATTI, LUCIANA V.; MARANI, LUCIANO; CASSOL, HENRIQUE L.G.; TEJADA, GRACIELA; CORREA, SERGIO M.; MILLER, JOHN B.; GLOOR, MANUEL; DOMINGUES, LUCAS G.; ARAI, EGIDIO; SANCHEZ, ALBER; ARAGÃO, LUIZ E.O.C.; CORREIA, CAIO S. de C. ; NEVES, RAIANE A.L.; CRISPIM, STEPHANE P.. First Amazon Methane budget based in atmospheric long term data provided by aircraft vertical profiles measurements. In: AGU FALL MEETING, December 1-17, 2020, Online. Abstract... Washington, DC, USA: American Geophysical Union, 2020.

    Abstract: The overall Methane (CH4) budget remains highly uncertain even with the efforts to improve the estimates and contributions of its many sources (natural and anthropogenic) and few sinks. Wetland emissions are considered the primary natural CH4 source but with large uncertainty in estimations. Tropical regions like the Amazon, host some of the largest wetlands areas on the globe. However, these regions are still poorly observed with large-scale integrating observations. Here we present the first long term (2010-2018) atmospheric sampling of the lower troposphere over the Amazon using regular vertical profile (300m to 4.4km height) observations of CH4 and carbon monoxide (CO) at four sites. The sampling was nearly biweekly using small aircrafts, to provide solid seasonal and annual CH4 budgets with large spatial resolution. Was calculated a CO/CH4 ratio to estimate CH4 emissions from biomass burning. An increase in emissions mainly during the dry season at all sites from biomass burning was observed. The results show a regional variation in biogenic CH4 emissions (total minus biomass burning emissions). There are comparably high emissions from the Amazon northeast region (SAN) exhibiting strong seasonality, with particularly high CH4 fluxes one month before (February/March) the wet season peak. The second period of high emissions occurs during the beginning of the dry season (August). In the other three sites (ALF, RBA and TAB_TEF) located further downwind along the main air-stream, it were observed lower emissions, which represents approximately 20-33 % of what was observed in the northeast region and with a clear annual seasonality. Besides, we discuss how these data vary throughout the years and how it can be correlated to climate variables (temperature, precipitation and equivalent water thickness) and with human-driven influence (biomass burning), which both could be impacting this variability and annual seasonality.

    Palavras-Chave: methane; carbon monoxide; biomass; wetlands; amazon river; aircraft; troposphere; environmental impacts

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  • IPEN-DOC 27617

    GATTI, LUCIANA V.; BASSO, LUANA S.; DOMINGUES, LUCAS G.; CASSOL, HENRIQUE L.G.; TEJADA, GRACIELA; MILLER, JOHN B.; GLOOR, EMANUEL U.; ARAGÃO, LUIZ E.O.C.; NOBRE, CARLOS; PETERS, WOUTER; ANDERSON, LIANA O.; VON RANDOW, CELSO; ARAI, EGIDIO; MARANI, LUCIANO; SANCHEZ, ALBER; CORREA, SERGIO M.; CORREIA, CAIO S. de C. ; CRISPIM, STEPHANE P.; NEVES, RAIANE A.L.. Amazon plays an important climatic role and deforestation is promoting important changes and a consequent increase in the carbon balance. In: AGU FALL MEETING, December 1-17, 2020, Online. Abstract... Washington, DC, USA: American Geophysical Union, 2020.

    Abstract: We present a nine-year study designed to present both regional and temporal representation of Amazon Carbon Balance from 2010 to 2018 using 590 aircraft vertical profiles. Four locations were strategically chosen: the northeast (SAN), southeast (ALF), northwest (TAB_TEF), and southwest (RBA) regions. Each of these regions represents a different deforestation scenario, land-use change, and climate impact. For instance, 37% of the region of influence at SAN site has already deforested; it also has shown the greatest changes in precipitation and Carbon emission. The changes in precipitation (P) and temperature (T) are mainly in the dry season for all sites. At the ALF site, 28% deforested, showed the greatest changes in temperature, and the second-highest carbon emission. On the other hand, the western Amazon sites (RBA and TAB_TEF), accounted for an average of deforestation of 16%, presented near neutral carbon balance and lower changes in precipitation and temperature. The eastern Amazon (SAN + ALF) represented 22% of the Amazon area, presented 27% of deforestation and was the region where dry season presented more substantial changes in precipitation (reduced by 24-34%) and temperature (increased by 1.9-2.5 ˚C). As a consequence of these climatic and anthropic changes, the carbon flux emission at eastern Amazon was around ten times higher than at western Amazon (RBA + TAB_TEF). Eastern Amazon was a carbon source during the 9-year analysis, of which 89% of the carbon flux comes from biomass burning. In the western Amazon, the low deforestation (~11%) showed less changes in dry season P and T and carbon sink in the Net Biome Exchange (NBE C Flux: Total C Flux less Fire C Flux). If the whole Amazon had the western NBE C flux, it could be removed from the atmosphere 0.74 Gt CO2 y-1. Therefore, Amazon is becoming a carbon source mainly due the fire emissions, which represent two times the Amazon carbon sink, as a result of anthropic and climatic changes.

    Palavras-Chave: carbon; deforestation; environmental degradation; climatic change; carbon oxides; amazon river; environmental impacts

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  • IPEN-DOC 27616

    PERROTTA, J.A. ; CARVALHO, E.F.U. ; DURAZZO, M. ; SANTOS, L.R. dos ; BAPTISTA, J.A. ; SILVA, J.E.R. da ; JUNQUEIRA, F.C. ; SANTOS, ADIMIR dos ; ARAUJO, A.M.V. de; TOMAZELLI, I.. The RMB project: fuel cycle management. In: INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON RESEARCH REACTORS: ADDRESSING CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES TO ENSURE EFFECTIVENESS AND SUSTAINABILITY, November 25-29, 2019, Buenos Aires, Argentina. Proceedings... Vienna, Austria: International Atomic Energy Agency, 2020.

    Abstract: The Brazilian Nuclear Energy Commission (CNEN) decided to construct a new research reactor, named RMB (Brazilian Multipurpose Reactor). It is a 30 MW open pool-type research reactor using low enriched uranium fuel, and several associated facilities and laboratories. To establish an infrastructure for producing fuel assemblies for RMB operation and uranium targets for Mo-99 production, the RMB technical secretary has developed a coordinated project for the fuel cycle management system, putting together the fuel technology actors in Brazil. The goals of this coordinated project were: (i) to have a centrifuge cascade enriching uranium up to 20 wt% with the capacity to supply RMB yearly needs; (ii) to upgraded the CNEN existing infrastructure to produce nuclear fuel assemblies and uranium targets for the RMB yearly needs; (iii) to produce a set of fuel assemblies for a real RMB mockup core at the IPEN/MB-01 Critical Facility of CNEN. The RMB project design incorporates structures, systems and components (SSC) for interim storage of spent fuels for the hole plant lifetime. This paper presents details of the coordinated project that gives support and sustainability to the RMB fuel cycle supply and the spent fuel SSC designed.

    Palavras-Chave: rmb reactor; fuel cycle; slightly enriched uranium; molybdenum 99; fuel assemblies

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  • IPEN-DOC 27615

    PERROTTA, J.A. ; SOARES, A.J. ; LIM, M.L.; IBELLI, M.C.; BARRERA, M.; KOROCHINSKY, S.; GAMBETTA, M.. The RMB project: technical and management development status. In: INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON RESEARCH REACTORS: ADDRESSING CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES TO ENSURE EFFECTIVENESS AND SUSTAINABILITY, November 25-29, 2019, Buenos Aires, Argentina. Proceedings... Vienna, Austria: International Atomic Energy Agency, 2020.

    Abstract: The Brazilian Nuclear Energy Commission (CNEN) decided to construct a new research reactor, named RMB (Brazilian Multipurpose Reactor). This reactor will be part of a new nuclear research center, to be built on a site about 100 kilometers from São Paulo city, in the southeast part of Brazil. It is a 30 MW open pool-type research reactor using low enriched uranium fuel, and several associated facilities and laboratories in order to produce radioisotopes for medical and industrial use; to use thermal and cold neutron beams in scientific and technological research; to perform neutron activation analysis; and to perform materials and fuel irradiation tests. This project started in September 2008 and is nowadays at the development stage before construction. This article presents updated information on the technical design and the safety features regarding the reactor and the overall installation. It also presents an update on the nowadays overall development status of the RMB project and lessons learned related to the complexity of the project management.

    Palavras-Chave: cold neutrons; design; isotope production; neutron beams; nuclear fuels; program management; reactor planning; rmb reactor; slightly enriched uranium; urban areas

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  • IPEN-DOC 27614

    BITELLI, U.D. ; COELHO, P.R.P. ; FERREIRA, P.S.B. ; ALVES, M.A.P. ; SILVA, A.A. ; SANTOS, A. ; DINIZ, R. ; JEREZ, R. ; FUGA, R. ; FANARO, L.C.C.B. ; KURAMOTO, R. ; ABE, A. ; LAMBIASI, B. ; GIADA, M.; FER, N.; MARTINS, F. ; MURA, L. ; SANTOS, D.F. ; AREDES, V. ; MAEDA, R.; GONNELI, E. ; SILVA, A.F.P.; PURGATO, R. ; GONÇALVES, L.B. ; SILVA, G.S.A. ; PINTO, L. ; SOUZA, G.. Main experiments performed at the IPEN/MB-01 RR using UO2 fuel rods core. In: INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON RESEARCH REACTORS: ADDRESSING CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES TO ENSURE EFFECTIVENESS AND SUSTAINABILITY, November 25-29, 2019, Buenos Aires, Argentina. Proceedings... Vienna, Austria: International Atomic Energy Agency, 2020.

    Abstract: This paper aims to show the main experimental utilization of the IPEN/MB-01 zero power reactor during the last 30 years with 3663 operations cycles. The IPEN/MB-01 reactor it was mainly used to validation of calculation methodology used in nuclear reactor cores design.

    Palavras-Chave: fuel rods; reactor cores; reactor design; uranium dioxide; validation

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  • IPEN-DOC 27613

    PERROTTA, J.A. . Considerations and challenges of research reactor management. In: INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON RESEARCH REACTORS: ADDRESSING CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES TO ENSURE EFFECTIVENESS AND SUSTAINABILITY, November 25-29, 2019, Buenos Aires, Argentina. Proceedings... Vienna, Austria: International Atomic Energy Agency, 2020.

    Abstract: Technically, nuclear reactors are equipment were neutron chain reactions of fissile material are safely controlled. Particularly, Research Reactors (RR) use the produced neutrons to a variety of objectives in science, technology, innovation, education, and direct products to society as, for example, the radioisotopes for nuclear medicine. Management is a fundamental aspect to the mission success of a RR and essential to its sustainability and effectiveness. As higher the neutron flux and the RR utilization, more complex are the management actions required to the installation, and their out-installation interfaces as well. Nevertheless, basic management requirements are still necessary to low neutron flux RR, for example, a critical facility. There are many important areas to be considered in RR management as organizational structure, operation, utilization, safety, fuel management, waste management, accessibility and security, human resources development, and financial resources among others. This paper resumes the author invited oral presentation that covers relevant aspects of RR management. Examples are given, based on the author’s experience, related to RRs fulfilling their planned missions and, particularly, related to the development and installation of a new RR project.

    Palavras-Chave: research reactors; management; nuclear energy

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  • IPEN-DOC 27612

    GENEZINI, F.A. ; FERNANDES, A.J. ; ZAHN, G.S. . The IEA-R1 62 years of operation: experiences and lessons learned. In: INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON RESEARCH REACTORS: ADDRESSING CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES TO ENSURE EFFECTIVENESS AND SUSTAINABILITY, November 25-29, 2019, Buenos Aires, Argentina. Proceedings... Vienna, Austria: International Atomic Energy Agency, 2020.

    Abstract: Early in 1956, the Atomic Energy Institute (IEA, from the acronym in portuguese) was founded with the aim of installing the nuclear research reactor purchased from the American company Babcock & Wilcox in the framework of the “Atoms for Peace” program. The start-up was on September 16, 1957, where the first criticality in the Southern hemisphere was achieved. The IEA-R1 is a pool type, light water cooled and moderated, beryllium and graphite reflected research reactor. Although designed to operate continuously at up to 5 MW, it operated at 2 MW for 40 years and only rather recently started operating at 5 MW. This year IEA-R1 completed 62 years of operation. The reactor is the core of the Nuclear and Energy Research Institute – IPEN (former IEA) – with its laboratories working for radiopharmaceutical applications, in the areas of radiological protection, nuclear fuel cycle, nuclear engineering, and radiation applications among others. Throughout this period it underwent several reforms, renovations and changes of management. In 2000 an Integrated Management System (IMS) has been structured, based on ISO-9001, in order to keep the operation safe, which implied certain procedures together with a continuous modernization program, and to comply with the regulatory requirements at the date as well. The first certification dates to 2002 and since then the reactor has been successfully renewing its ISO certification. The history, experiences and lessons learned during the 62 years of the IEA-R1 operation are described and shared in this paper.

    Palavras-Chave: iear-1 reactor; information dissemination; isotope applications; knowledge management; licensing regulations; nuclear engineering; radiation protection; radiopharmaceuticals

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  • IPEN-DOC 27611

    DINIZ, RAPHAEL E. ; OLIVEIRA, ALDO R. de ; TERRA, ADRIANA C. ; POTIENS, MARIA da P.A. . Avaliação do desempenho do sistema de referência para a calibração de medidores de radiação. In: CONGRESSO DE QUALIDADE EM METROLOGIA, LABORATÓRIOS E INDÚSTRIA, 17., 30 de novembro - 2 de dezembro, 2020, Online. Anais... São Paulo, SP: Rede Metrológica do Estado de São Paulo, 2020. p. 1-7.

    Abstract: O Laboratório de Calibração do Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, LCI, atua a mais de 30 anos calibrando instrumentos medidores de radiação aplicados em procedimentos de proteção radiológica, radioterapia e radiodiagnóstico, pertencentes a hospitais, indústrias, clínicas e outros usuários. No ano de 2002, foi estabelecido um Sistema da Qualidade no LCI que desde então tem passado por auditorias internas anualmente. No ano de 2017 o laboratório conseguiu alcançar a acreditação de acordo com a norma ISO 17025 para o escopo “calibração de instrumentos de medição em proteção radiológica: medidor de taxa e de equivalente de dose ambiente”. O sistema utilizado como referência para estas calibrações é composto por uma câmara de ionização esférica marca PTW, com volume de 1L, acoplada a um eletrômetro PTW, modelo UNIDOS. Este sistema tem passado por calibrações periódicas com rastreabilidade ao Laboratório Nacional de Metrologia das Radiações Ionizantes. Para garantir um bom desempenho nas medicões realizadas com este sistema, foi implantado um programa de controle de qualidade com testes de repetibilidade, corrente de fuga e estabilidade ao longo do tempo. Foi utilizada uma fonte de controle de Sr-90 também da PTW. Neste trabalho é demonstrado o desempenho dos sistema de referência ao longo de 18 anos. Foram realizados em torno de 100 testes de controle de qualidade. Os resultados obtidos foram comparados com o gráfico histórico de estabilidade do sistema. É permitida uma variação de até 2% do valor de referência determinado anteriormente.

    Palavras-Chave: radiation metrology; calibration; quality control; standardization; radiation doses

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  • IPEN-DOC 27610

    SARAU, SARA T. ; RODRIGUES JUNIOR, ORLANDO ; POTIENS, MARIA da P.A. . Instrução Normativa n° 54 da ANVISA e a importância dos testes de aceitação e controle de qualidade em serviços mamográficos. In: CONGRESSO BRASILEIRO DE METROLOGIA DAS RADIAÇÕES IONIZANTES, 7., 23-25 de novembro, 2020, Online. Anais... Rio de Janeiro, RJ: Sociedade Brasileira de Metrologia, 2020. p. 1-12.

    Abstract: Considerando que em 26 de dezembro de 2019 a ANVISA publicou a RDC n° 330 para serviços de radiologia diagnóstica e intervencionista e a Instrução Normativa n° 54 para sistemas de mamografia, neste trabalho realizou-se uma análise do estabelecido para testes de dosimetria da mama e de camada semi-redutora e um estudo comparativo de valores obtidos em quatro mamógrafos digitais direto publicados na literatura e os valores de referência e de tolerância apresentados na IN-54. Os resultados reforçam a importância da elaboração de um programa de controle de qualidade e da análise conjunta dos resultados obtidos em todos os testes.

    Palavras-Chave: comparative evaluations; diagnosis; dosimetry; mammary glands; nuclear medicine; quality control; radiology; recommendations; tolerance; x radiation

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  • IPEN-DOC 27609

    XAVIER FILHO, JOEL M. ; SILVEIRA, IURY S. ; CALDAS, LINDA V.E. . Espectros de feixes padrões de radiação X nas qualidades de radiodiagnóstico e mamografia a partir de simulações Monte Carlo. In: CONGRESSO BRASILEIRO DE METROLOGIA DAS RADIAÇÕES IONIZANTES, 7., 23-25 de novembro, 2020, Online. Anais... Rio de Janeiro, RJ: Sociedade Brasileira de Metrologia, 2020. p. 1-9.

    Abstract: Foram simulados os seis feixes RQR 5, 8, M1, M2, M3 e M4 descritos na norma TRS-457 (IAEA) utilizando o código de Monte Carlo EGSnrc. Foram realizadas simulações computacionais de um tubo de raios X para a obtenção de seus espectros utilizando o software BEAMnrc. As curvas de atenuação para cada espectro foram obtidas com o aplicativo egs_kerma. Por meio das 1ª e 2ª camadas semi-redutoras, dos coeficientes de homogeneidade e das energias médias foi possível determinar a qualidade de cada um dos feixes simulados. Todos os parâmetros de qualidade foram próximos aos estabelecidos na norma TRS-457 (IAEA).

    Palavras-Chave: beams; computer codes; computerized simulation; kerma; monte carlo method; quality control; standards

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  • IPEN-DOC 27608

    ZAHN, GUILHERME S. ; GENEZINI, FREDERICO A. ; MORALLES, MAURICIO ; SOUZA, FRANCISCO A. . Playing with neutrons: experimental facilities at the IEA-R1 reactor. In: REUNIÃO DE TRABALHO SOBRE FÍSICA NUCLEAR NO BRASIL, 43., 14-16 de dezembro, 2020, Online. Resumo... São Paulo, SP: Sociedade Brasileira de Física, 2020.

    Abstract: Due to their unique characteristics, neutrons are an excellent tool to probe materials, as well as to produce radionuclides for other uses. The IEA-R1, the largest nuclear research reactor in Brasil, located in IPEN-CNEN/SP, is a 5MW pool-type reactor from the mid-1950's that, despite its age, still provides important facilities for neutron irradiation and probing under high neutron uxes. These facilities can be divided in two groups: in-core irradiation positions with uxes ranging from 10(12) to 10(14)cm(-2).s(-1), where a sample is irradiated inside the reactor core for posterior analysis; and in-beam facilities, with 8 radial and 2 tangential tubes delivering collimated neutrons in the experimental hall with uxes up to 10(8)cm(-2).s(-1), where a sample is irradiated outide the core, under a considerably lower ux, but with the possibility of real-time analysis and of better radiation filtering and collimation. Different experiments can be performed using the IEA-R1 neutron sources, and this work intends to showcase these facilities, giving an insight regarding the specific properties or each, with their capabilities and some present applications, while also discussing some possible future applications.

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  • IPEN-DOC 27607

    SERRA FILHO, L.A.; BREGANT, M.; MUNHOZ, M.G.; SOUZA, F.A. ; MORALLES, M. . Position sensitive GEM-based neutron detector prototype. In: REUNIÃO DE TRABALHO SOBRE FÍSICA NUCLEAR NO BRASIL, 43., 14-16 de dezembro, 2020, Online. Resumo... São Paulo, SP: Sociedade Brasileira de Física, 2020.

    Abstract: In response to the 3He shortage [1], alternatives for thermal neutron detection are being pursued nowadays. Elements such as 157Gd, 10B and 6Li are commonly used to substitute 3He due to their high neutron capture cross section. In this work, we present our thermal neutron detector prototype, which makes use of 10B as converter. This detector works under Ar/CO2 (90/10) open flux and uses two gas electron multipliers (GEMs) [2] microstructures to multiply the charge signal. The neutrons are detected through the gas ionization generated by the products of the 10B(n; a)7Li reaction. The neutron capture takes place in the inside face of the aluminum cathode, which is coated with a 2:2 μm thick 10B4C layer (deposition kindly provided by the European Spallation Source (ESS) laboratories). Experimental measurements obtained in the IEA-R1 nuclear research reactor, at the Nuclear and Energy Research Institute (IPEN), shown that our prototype presents high stability, position sensitivity with spatial resolution better than 3mm and an efficiency of 2.97(25)%, allowing its application as beam profiler. Methods to increase the neutron detection efficiency will then be discussed.

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  • IPEN-DOC 27606

    SANTOS, R.F.; MUNHOZ, M.G.; MORALLES, M. . Performance and optimization simulations of a GEM-based neutron detector. In: REUNIÃO DE TRABALHO SOBRE FÍSICA NUCLEAR NO BRASIL, 43., 14-16 de dezembro, 2020, Online. Resumo... São Paulo, SP: Sociedade Brasileira de Física, 2020.

    Abstract: In this study, we are investigating the performance and optimization of a GEM-based detector to measure thermal neutrons from a nuclear reactor by means of computer simulation, using Geant4 and Garfield++. Due to the shortage of helium isotope, widely used in neutron gaseous detectors, alternatives need to be studied to continue producing this kind of detectors. The GEM detectors are a type of Micro-Pattern Gaseous Detectors (MPGD), widely used in particle tracking systems, as the Time Projection Chamber of the ALICE experiment in the LHC-CERN, and proposed for many other applications, including neutron detection. The detection of neutrons occurs through a nuclear reaction, where the products are energetic charged particles. In our application, we are using 10B as a neutron converter to induce the nuclear reaction 10B(n; )7Li. Monte Carlo simulations play an important step in the development and optimization of this kind of detectors. We are using a combination of simulation tools. At first, Geant4 is used to calculate the interaction between neutrons and the boron converter layer, as well as the transport of its products inside the converter. Then the interaction of the reaction products with the gas volume, leading to ionization or excitation of atoms, is done in Garfield++. This allows us to study the GEM in various conditions and with a detailed description of electron avalanche through the gas and its induced signals in order to achieve a tool to obtain optimized detector configurations for different applications, as beam monitors.

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  • IPEN-DOC 27605

    MEDINA, NILBERTO H.; GUAZZELLI, MARCILEI A.; AGUIAR, VITOR A.P.; LO PRESTI, DOMENICO; ADDED, NEMITALA; MACCHIONE, EDUARDO L.A.; OLIVEIRA, JOSE R.B.; MORALLES, MAURICIO ; SIQUEIRA, PAULO de T.D. ; ZAHN, GUILHERME ; GENEZINI, FREDERICO ; BONANNO, DANILO; GALLO, GIUSEPPE; RUSSO, SALVATORE; SGOUROS, ONOUFRIOS; MUOIO, ANNAMARIA; PANDOLA, LUCIANO; CAPPUZZELLO, FRANCESCO. Neutron radiation effects on the NUMEN electronic 'System On Module'. In: REUNIÃO DE TRABALHO SOBRE FÍSICA NUCLEAR NO BRASIL, 43., 14-16 de dezembro, 2020, Online. Resumo... São Paulo, SP: Sociedade Brasileira de Física, 2020.

    Abstract: The NUMEN (NUclear Matrix Elements for Neutrinoless double beta decay) project was recently proposed [1], with the aim to investigate the nuclear response to Double Charge Exchange (DCE) reactions for all the isotopes explored by present and future studies of 0νββ decay. The expected level of radiation in the NUMEN experiment imposes severe limitations on the average lifetime of the electronic devices. During the experiments it is expected that the electronic devices are exposed to about 105 neutrons/cm2/s according to FLUKA simulations. This work investigates the reliability of the System On Module (SOM) by National Instruments (NI) under neutron radiation [2]. The tests were performed using thermal, epithermal, and fast neutrons produced by the Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares (IPEN) 4.5 MW Nuclear Research Reactor. The results show the NI-SOM is robust to neutron radiation for the proposed applications in the NUMEN project.

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  • IPEN-DOC 27604

    PARRA, DUCLERC F. ; SANTOS, VINICIUS J. dos ; TAMIÃO, ANGELICA . Development of poly (n-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone) hydrogels containing nanosilver and laponite clay for modulation of neomycin. Journal of Astrophysics & Aerospace Technology, v. 8, n. 2, p. 3-3, 2020.

    Abstract: These Biomaterials widely used in biomedicine as wound dressings are composed by hydrogels. They offer ideal conditions for wound treatment, such as maintaining the wound environment humid, autolytic debridement, accelerated healing, ability to absorb large amounts of fluids without losing their physical integrity, drug release in a controlled manner protecting infected wounds that are constantly exposed to environment contaminated with microorganisms. These dressings are formed by one or more polymeric components which, when cross-linked, form three-dimensional networks. They have a high degree of flexibility that is very similar to natural living tissues. The general objective of this work was to synthesize by radiation hydrogel membranes containing PVP, PEG, agar, RD laponite in a neomycin and nanosilver release system that promotes a synergistic action between these two antimicrobial agents. Membranes with different concentrations of polymer matrix / clay were produced by irradiation at a dose of 25 kGy of gamma 60Co source, and characterized by techniques: swelling analysis, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), tensile tests, parallel plate rheometry. It can be seen that G 'and G "are approximately parallel within the studied range. G 'is greater than G' 'and both showed little frequency dependence. This performance is the expected for the gels, in which the elastic behavior of the sample predominates over its viscous behavior. The clay-polymer interactions increases gel cross-linking, which provides an increase in their mechanical properties. In parallel, nanoparticles of silver coupled to clay (Laponite) were synthesized in which their properties were verified by means of UV-Vis, MET, ICP-OES and microbiological activity. The study of the microbiological activity of AgNPs-Laponite nanoparticles on the reduction of microorganisms in culture indicated that most of the nanoparticles, synthesized from the reduction of silver ions on the surface of Laponite, have activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Candida albicans.

    Palavras-Chave: wounds; hydrogels; pvp; healing; biological recovery

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  • IPEN-DOC 27603

    SOARES, E.P. ; FILHO, J.C.S. ; CASINI, J.C.S.; FARIA, R.N. ; TAKIISHI, H. . The influence of the addition of rGO and CNT on the electrochemical properties of the batteries the LaNi-based battery alloys. Materials Science Forum, v. 1012, p. 153-157, 2020. DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.1012.153

    Abstract: In this article the results of the negative electrode performance produced by La0.7Mg0.3Al0.3Mn0.4Co0.5Ni3.8 as-cast alloy adding 1 to 10% of carbon nanotube (CNT) or reduced graphene oxide (rGO) were investigated as Ni-MH batteries. The as cast alloy were investigated with X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The CNT and rGO were characterized by high resolution SEM-FEG. The discharge capacity obtained during the electrochemical characterization showed that in the addition of 1% rGO the discharge capacity was 332 mAh and 1% CNT 364 mAh , being that the rGO batteries maintaining better cyclic stability during the electrochemical test.

    Palavras-Chave: hydrogen storage; hydrides; electrodes; metals; electrochemistry; chemical properties

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  • IPEN-DOC 27602

    MEIRA, MARCO A. ; MOISES, LUCAS C.; SILVA, MELISSA R.M. da; JANASI, SUZILENE R.; TAKIISHI, HIDETOSHI. PrFeB based alloys obtained by melt spinning for the production of permanent magnets. Materials Science Forum, v. 1012, p. 314-318, 2020. DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.1012.314

    Abstract: Rare earth permanent magnets are essential components in many fields of technology due to their excellent magnetic properties. There are some techniques used in the manufacture of permanent rare earth magnets: the powder metallurgy to obtain anisotropic HD sintered permanent magnets and the melt spinning and HDDR processes to obtain isotropic and anisotropic bonded permanent magnets. In this work, the influence of the melt spinning parameters on the microstructural and magnetic properties of the Pr14FebalCo16B6 alloy was studied. The alloy was melted and rapidly cooled at 9.9 x 105°C/s. The parameters used in the process were: wheel speed of 15 m/s and 20 m/s and ejection pressure of 25.3 kPa and 50.7 kPa. Ribbons and/or flakes of 30 μm thickness and width until 5 mm were obtained. Results show that the melt spinning alloys are nanocrystalline and that the parameters of the process influence the microstructure and their magnetic properties. Mean crystallite size up to 38.5 nm and intrinsic coercivity (iHc) up to 254 kA/m were obtained.

    Palavras-Chave: praseodymium; iron; boron; permanent magnets; rare earths; magnetic properties; isotropy; anisotropy; alloys

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  • IPEN-DOC 27601

    CANAZZA, MOISES A.; SCAGLIUSI, SANDRA R. ; WIEBECK, HELIO. New applications of tire powder recycled by micro-waves. Materials Science Forum, v. 1012, p. 84-88, 2020. DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.1012.84

    Abstract: In order to minimize impacts caused to environment and to save natural resources, especially from non-renewable sources, recycling of polymeric materials has been object of study. In this scenery, are included elastomeric materials, such as rubber, especially used in tires manufacturing, considering that pneumatic industry consumes around 60% of rubber production. Taking into account that final tires destination is a requirement based on norms and national and international laws, this work aims to the development of a study on the efficacy of micro-wave irradiation in the process of de-vulcanization of tire powder to be used in recycling. Tire powder was subjected to micro-wave irradiation and further merged to SBR (butadiene-styrene rubber) polymeric matrix, at 5, 15, 25 phr; after mixture, resulting compound was characterized for evaluation of physico-chemical and mechanical properties. For the assessment of all samples containing SBR and rubber powder there were applied following essays: Infra-red spectroscopy (FTIR), Tensile strength and elongation at break, Swelling Index. It was verified higher values for mechanical properties imparted by an increased quantity of rubber powder incorporated to SBR matrix.

    Palavras-Chave: tires; powders; recycling; microwave radiation; environment; rubbers; styrene; butadiene; polymers

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  • IPEN-DOC 27600

    LEITE, DANIELA M.C. ; ALENCAR, MAICON C. de ; MUCSI, CRISTIANO S. ; ARAUJO, JOAO V.S. ; TAVARES, LUIZ A. ; BERBEL, LARISSA O. ; ARANHA, LUIS C. ; ROSSI, JESUALDO L. . Modifications of titanium and zirconium alloy surfaces for use as dental implants. Materials Science Forum, v. 1012, p. 477-482, 2020. DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.1012.477

    Abstract: The use of dental implants of titanium and its alloys has proved to be effective, through well established and documented parameters, both in the dimensions and in the manufacturing processes and also in the surgical techniques. There are clinical situations where there is a need to reduce the diameter of the implants, below 3.75 mm in diameter. In the current state of art of the implant technology it is desirable that these also have surfaces capable of decreasing the period of osseointegration. In the present work, to improve the mechanical strength of the material, an alloy of 80% of Ti and 20% of Zr % in mass was proposed and elaborated, aiming its use as biomaterial. Physical, chemical, microstructural and mechanical characterization was carried out. The surfaces of the treated samples were observed using: scanning electron microscopy (SEM); semi quantitatively chemically analyzed using dispersive energy spectroscopy (EDS: wettability of the samples was determined and, finally, the roughness was measured using optical profilometry. For the conditions used in the present work, it was concluded, that the best surface treatment for the TiZr 80/20 alloy was acid etching with 1% vol. hydrofluoric acid for 5 minutes, as this treatment presented the most prominent results of wettability and roughness simultaneously.

    Palavras-Chave: titanium; zirconium; alloys; implants; dentistry; biological materials; melting; scanning electron microscopy; spectroscopy; energy; dispersion relations; bone tissues

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  • IPEN-DOC 27599

    MICELLI, ANA L.P. ; NIGRO, FREDERICO ; MUCSI, CRISTIANO S. ; ALENCAR, MAICON C. de ; ARANHA, LUIS C. ; ROSSI, JESUALDO L. . Analysis of the pullout testing of straight and angled abutments in narrow diameter implants. Materials Science Forum, v. 1012, p. 461-465, 2020. DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.1012.461

    Abstract: Despite the success of osseointegrated implants, some biomechanical problems such as loosening or fracture of the abutment, crown fixation screw loosening and prosthetic instability, are common problems reported in the literature. Thus, the objective of the present study was to analyze the pullout resistance of straight and angled abutments in narrow diameter implants installed by means of friction. The specimen was composed of an implant of 3.3 mm x 11 mm fixed 2 mm above of a resin block. The abutments were fixed by friction receiving 3, 5 and 7 strikes of 0.05 J along the implant axis, and were positioned with 0˚, 10˚ and 20˚ of angulation. The abutments were subjected to pullout load, totalizing 10 repetitions for each test, i.e., the abutment was reinserted up to 10 times in the same implant. The results showed higher values of pullout load for the abutments with 7 strikes, and no statistical difference with 5 strikes suggesting better mechanical stability.

    Palavras-Chave: implants; dentistry; bone tissues; testing; prostheses; teeth; extraction; connectors

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  • IPEN-DOC 27567

    BERBEL, LARISSA O. ; VIVEIROS, BARBARA V.G. de ; MICELLI, ANA L. ; ROSSI, JESUALDO ; NIGRO, FREDERICO ; ARANHA, LUIS C. ; COSTA, ISOLDA . Effect of galvanic coupling between titanium alloy and stainless steel on behavior of corrosion of dental implants. International Journal of Advances In Medical Biotechnology, v. 3, n. 1, p. 23-27, 2020. DOI: 10.25061/ijamb.v3i1.68

    Abstract: Titanium and its alloys are widely used in dental implant manufacturing due its favorable properties, such as, biocompatibility, high mechanical strength and high corrosion resistance. This last one, is a result of the ability of titanium to form an oxide film (TiO2) in contact with oxygen. However, a several factors can accelerate the corrosion process of implants in contact with the oral environment, such as, acidification of the medium, differential aeration, inflammatory conditions, presence of protein and the junction of diferent metals. The goals of this research is to investigate the corrosion effect of galvanic coupling between titanium alloy (grade V) and stainless steel 316L. The investigative technique adopted was the scanning vibrating electrode technique (SVET) in phosphate buffer solution simulating inflammatory conditions. The results showed detrimental effects of acidity of the environment, induced by inflammatory conditions, accelerate the oxidation of Ti-6Al-4V. SVET maps and SEM images for the junction of the different metals showed that the region with the highest electrochemical activity it is at the interface between the metals, mostly concentrated on the Ti-6Al-4V alloy, depending on the conditions of the medium.

    Palavras-Chave: alloys; titanium; stainless steels; corrosion; implants; dentistry; biological materials

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  • IPEN-DOC 27566

    RODRIGUES, GISELE N.; MORAES, CARLA A.P.; SEO, EMILIA S.M. ; GOMES, JOAO P.C. . Protocolos de eficácia de repelentes de insetos: abordagens teóricas / Insect repellent effectiveness protocols - theoretical approaches. InterfacEHS – Revista de Saúde, Meio Ambiente e Sustentabilidade, v. 15, n. 2, p. 66-80, 2020.

    Abstract: A incidência de doenças como dengue, malária e febre amarela que estão relacionadas aos mosquitos está aumentando e com isso a preocupação de pesquisadores para achar um meio de combater esses casos também cresce. Os principais vetores de doenças são da família dos culicídeos e dentro dessa família os que mais preocupam são: o Aedes, Culex e o Anopheles. As fêmeas são hematófagas e tem a capacidade de transmitir doenças e gerar novos mosquitos. Já os machos alimentam-se de carboidratos como: seiva, flores e frutos. Atualmente existem meios de combate que se baseiam em repelentes com a substância naturais e sintéticas e podem vir em forma física de aerossol, spray, creme, loção ou gel que buscam afastar os mosquitos e assim não acontece a picada. Este projeto tem como objetivo a revisão bibliográfica de protocolos de eficácia de repelente de insetos.

    Palavras-Chave: insects; mosquitoes; aedes; anopheles; cosmetics; disease vectors; diseases; insecticides

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  • IPEN-DOC 27598

    LIMA JUNIOR, EDMAR M.; MORAES FILHO, MANOEL O. de; FORTE, ANTONIO J.; COSTA, BRUNO A.; FECHINE, FRANCISCO V.; ALVES, ANA P.N.N.; MORAES, MARIA E.A. de; ROCHA, MARINA B.S.; SILVA JUNIOR, FRANCISCO R.; SOARES, MARIA F.A. do N.; BEZERRA, ALANE N.; MARTINS, CAMILA B.; MATHOR, MONICA B. . Pediatric burn treatment using tilapia skin as a xenograft for superficial partial-thickness wounds: a pilot study. Journal of Burn Care & Research, v. 41, n. 2, p. 241-247, 2020. DOI: 10.1093/jbcr/irz149

    Abstract: This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of Nile tilapia skin as a xenograft for the treatment of partial-thickness burn wounds in children. This is an open-label, monocentric, randomized phase II pilot study conducted in Fortaleza, Brazil. The study population consisted of 30 children between the ages of 2 and 12 years with superficial “partial-thickness” burns admitted less than 72 hours from the thermal injury. In the test group, the tilapia skin was applied. In the control group, a thin layer of silver sulfadiazine cream 1% was applied. Tilapia skin showed good adherence to the wound bed, reducing the number of dressing changes required, the amount of anesthetics used, and providing benefits for the patients and also for healthcare professionals, by reducing the overall work load. The number of days to complete burn wound healing, the total amount of analgesics required throughout the treatment, burn improvement on the day of dressing removal, and pain throughout the treatment were similar to the conventional treatment with silver sulfadiazine. Thus, tilapia skin can be considered an effective and low-cost extra resource in the therapeutic arsenal of pediatric superficial partial thickness burns.

    Palavras-Chave: burns; pediatrics; skin; wounds; animal tissues; fishes; grafts; therapy; silver; sulfadiazine

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  • IPEN-DOC 27597

    LIMA JUNIOR, EDMAR M.; MORAES FILHO, MANOEL O. de; COSTA, BRUNO A.; ROHLEDER, ANDREA V.P.; ROCHA, MARINA B.S.; FECHINE, FRANCISCO V.; FORTE, ANTONIO J.; ALVES, ANA P.N.N.; SILVA JUNIOR, FRANCISCO R.; MARTINS, CAMILA B.; MATHOR, MONICA B. ; MORAES, MARIA E.A. de. Innovative burn treatment using tilapia skin as a xenograft: a phase II randomized controlled trial. Journal of Burn Care & Research, v. 41, n. 3, p. 585-592, 2020. DOI: 10.1093/jbcr/irz205

    Abstract: Skin substitutes are considered a useful alternative for occlusive dressings in the treatment of superficial burns as they reduce the frequency of dressing replacement. This phase II randomized controlled trial aimed to evaluate the efficacy of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) skin as an occlusive xenograft dressing for the treatment of burn wounds in humans. In order to assess the use of tilapia skin, the following variables were evaluated: number of days for wound healing, the number of times the occlusive dressing was changed, use of anesthetics or analgesics, pain assessment using the Visual Analogue Scale, and evaluation of burn improvement on the day of dressing removal. In total, 62 participants completed the study. It was found that in participants treated with tilapia skin, complete reepithelialization occurred in significantly fewer days; reported pain intensity was lower (study arms B and C), the amount of anesthetics/analgesics required was lower (study arms B and C), and the necessity of dressing changes was significantly reduced in comparison with volunteers treated with silver sulfadiazine. In our study, the tilapia skin xenograft showed good efficacy as an occlusive biological dressing for burn wound treatment in humans.

    Palavras-Chave: therapy; skin; wounds; animal tissues; fishes; grafts; silver; sulfadiazine

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  • IPEN-DOC 27596

    LIMA, C.R.R.C.; LIMA, R.J.S.; MACHADO, L.D.B. ; VELASCO, M.V.R.; LAKIC, L.; NORDENTOFT, M.S.; MACHUCA-BEIER, L.; RUDIC, S.; TELLING, M.T.F.; GARCIA SAKAI, V.; OLIVEIRA, C.L.P.; BORDALLO, H.N.. Human hair: subtle change in the thioester groups dynamics observed by combining neutron scattering, X-ray diffraction and thermal analysis. European Physical Journal - Special Topics, v. 229, n. 17-18, p. 2825-2832, 2020. DOI: 10.1140/epjst/e2020-900217-4

    Abstract: Hair analysis plays an important role in forensic toxicology and biomonitoring tests. However, cosmetic treatments cause changes to the hair. Thus, a better understanding of the hair’s structure and the factors that influence its composition is critical. It is known that oxidative treatments modify the hair chemical, structural and mechanical properties. These treatments also cause degradation of the melanin as well as of the structures present in the hair cuticle and cortex. Considering that the literature is unanimous regarding the increase in hydrophilicity and porosity promoted in human hair by bleaching, in this work we investigated how this oxidative damage is triggered. By combining several techniques, inelastic and quasi-elastic neutron scattering, differential scanning calorimetry, thermal gravimetric analysis and X-ray diffraction, we were able to connect the chemical and structural changes to a subtle dynamic modification of the proton mobility in the hair fibers. In addition, alterations in the thermal behavior evidenced a small denaturation of α-keratin intermediate filaments and a slight decrease in the amount of confined water in the hair fibers. Moreover, data obtained by neutron spectroscopy indicated that bleaching attacks the thioester groups of the proteins causing larger proton mobility of the hydrogenous components (water, protein and/or lipids).

    Palavras-Chave: hair; thioethers; neutrons; scattering; x-ray diffraction; thermal analysis; keratin; cosmetics

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  • IPEN-DOC 27595

    FRANCISCO, DANAE L. ; PAIVA, LUCILENE B.; ALDEIA, WAGNER; LUGAO, ADEMAR B. ; MOURA, ESPERIDIANA A.B. . Noncovalently functionalized halloysite nanotubes for use in reinforced polymer composites. ACS Applied Nano Materials, v. 3, n. 11, p. 11510-11516, 2020. DOI: 10.1021/acsanm.0c02600

    Abstract: The inorganic halloysite nanotube (HNT) is a promising type of naturally occurring fillers with many important uses in different fields. An HNT has a relatively low content of hydroxyl groups on its surface, which makes it relatively hydrophobic, although this is not always sufficient to guarantee good interfacial adhesion in composite systems. Further surface treatment is required to improve the compatibility of HNTs with polymer matrixes, maximizing interfacial interactions. The aim of the present work was to study a noncovalent functionalization of halloysite with 2,2′-(1,2-ethenediyldi-4,1-phenylene) bisbenzoxazole (EPB), based on electron transfer, for further use of EPB as a coupling agent in polymer/HNT compatibility. A set of characterization techniques were performed to evaluate the chemical and physical properties and evidence the functionalization. The results revealed the surface modification of halloysite upon functionalization. Emphasis was for powder wettability by tensiometry based on Washburn because no studies about halloysite powders using this technique could be found in the literature. The results demonstrate a reduction in the total surface energy of the system, usually accompanied by a reduction in the polar component upon HNT modification.

    Palavras-Chave: nanotubes; inorganic polymers; electron transfer; benzoxazoles; thermal gravimetric analysis; specific surface area

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  • IPEN-DOC 27594

    LEVY, D. ; SORDI, G.M.A.A. ; VILLAVICENCIO, A.L.C.H. . Irradiação de alimentos no Brasil: revisão histórica, situação atual e desafios futuros. Brazilian Journal of Radiation Sciences, v. 8, n. 3, p. 1-16, 2020. DOI: 10.15392/bjrs.v8i3.1241

    Abstract: O presente artigo apresenta um panorama histórico da evolução do processo de irradiação de alimentos no Brasil, analisando questões regulatórias nacionais, técnicas utilizadas e aportes nos cenários social, sanitário e econômico. Esta revisão tem por objetivo fornecer à comunidade científica uma perspectiva abrangente sobre a atual situação da irradiação de alimentos no Brasil, proporcionando novas reflexões sobre eventos passados, limitações atuais e possibilidades futuras. São analisados e discutidos atuais fatores que limitam uma mais ampla utilização da irradiação de alimentos no país, dentre os quais, a carência de irradiadores que possam atender às distintas regiões do país. Finalmente, o artigo apresenta a equivocada percepção de risco por parte da população e a necessidade de ações para impulsionar a aceitação pública, dentre as quais, o desenvolvimento de programas de comunicação e informação junto ao público leigo que desconhece as contribuições das aplicações pacíficas da tecnologia nuclear.

    Palavras-Chave: food; irradiation; nuclear energy; technology utilization; food industry; standardization; cobalt 60; cesium 137

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  • IPEN-DOC 27593

    MOREIRA, TATIANA M. ; SEO, EMILIA S.M. . Caracterização e utilização de fibras de coco como biossorvente na recuperação de corpos hídricos contaminados por derramamento de derivados do petróleo / Characterization and use of coconut fibers as biosorbent in the recovery of water contaminated by spilling oil derivatives. Brazilian Journal of Animal and Environmental Research, v. 3, n. 4, p. 3771-3781, 2020. DOI: 10.34188/bjaerv3n4-078

    Abstract: Com base no desenvolvimento sustentável, este trabalho, visou buscar materiais tecnológicos com enfoque na reciclagem, onde se destacam as fibras vegetais, como as do coco, que possuem baixo custo e impacto ao meio ambiente, com boa eficiência quando utilizadas para o processo de biossorção. Este método vem sendo utilizado como um recurso para redução de problemas ambientais causados por contaminação em corpos hídricos, como córregos e rios urbanos, por derramamento de substâncias tóxicas, minimizando assim os impactos dos ecossistemas aquáticos, bem como a contaminação do solo. As fibras do mesocarpo do Coco são lignocelulósicas obtidas a partir de frutos dos coqueiros (Cocos nucifera L.), os quais crescem abundantemente em países de clima tropical, como o Brasil. A preparação destas fibras foi feita por meio de tratamentos físicos e químicos, tais como: lavagem, secagem, secção, mercerização (tratamento químico com agente alcalino que ataca a superfície da fibra, melhorando suas características de sorção) e caracterização. Esses procedimentos geraram um material que pôde ser empregado como um biossorvente. Como contaminantes, foram utilizados derivados do petróleo, tais como a gasolina e o óleo diesel. Na caracterização foram utilizadas técnicas de: Picnometria, Termogravimetria, Análise Elementar, Microscopia Eletrônica, Fluorescência de Raios X, Teor de Umidade e Cinzas, Retenção de água, Hidrofobicidade e Flutuabilidade. Para os ensaios práticos foram mensuradas a sorção de contaminantes tanto em sistema seco, onde os contaminantes estão em contato direto com os biossorventes, quanto aquoso, simulando um derramamento de óleo diesel e gasolina em um corpo hídrico. Os resultados demonstraram que o biossorvente testado possui boa capacidade sortiva nos dois sistemas testados. Portanto, dada a sua origem renovável e de baixo custo, este material se mostrou eficiente para a finalidade proposta.

    Palavras-Chave: bioadsorbents; vegetables; water resources; fibers

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  • IPEN-DOC 27592

    DIAZ, JULIO C.C.A. ; M'PEKO, JEAN-CLAUDE; VENET, MICHEL; SILVA JUNIOR, PAULO S. da. Unveiling the high‑temperature dielectric response of Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3. Scientific Reports, v. 10, n. 1, p. 1-11, 2020. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75859-z

    Abstract: Understanding the physics behind changes in dielectric permittivity and mechanical response with temperature and frequency in lead-free ferroic materials is a fundamental key to achieve optimal properties and to guarantee good performance in the technological applications envisaged. In this work, dense Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3 (BNT) electroceramics were prepared through solid-state reaction of highgrade oxide reagents, followed by sintering at high temperature (1393 K for 3 h). In good agreement with previous reports in the literature, the thermal behaviour of dielectric response from these BNT materials showed the occurrence of a high-temperature diffuse-like permittivity peak, whose origin has been so far controversial. Thermally stimulated depolarization current, impedance and mechanical spectroscopies measurements were here conducted, over a wide range of temperature and frequency, to get a deep insight into the mechanism behind of this event. The approach included considering both as-sintered and reduced BNT samples, from which it is demonstrated that the broad high-temperature dielectric peak originates from interfacial polarization involving oxygen vacancies-related spacecharge effects that develop at the grain-to-grain contacts. This mechanism, that contributes to the anomalous behavior observed in the mechanical response at low frequencies, could also be responsible for the presence of ferroelastic domains up to high temperatures.

    Palavras-Chave: lead compounds; titanates; zirconium compounds; ceramics; thermal analysis; impedance

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  • IPEN-DOC 27591

    TUSI, MARCELO M.; CANCIAN, RICARDO; POLANCO, NATALY S. de O.; VILLALBA, JUAN C.; ANAISSI, FAUZE J.; OLIVEIRA NETO, ALMIR ; SPINACE, ESTEVAM V. . Influência da fonte de carbono nas propriedades de híbridos Ni/Carbono preparados por carbonização hidrotérmica e tratamento térmico e utilizados como suportes para eletrocatalisadores PtRu/C / Influence of carbon source in the properties of Ni/Carbon prepared by hydrothermal carbonization and thermal treatment and used as supports for PtRu/C electrocatalysts. Revista Matéria, v. 25, n. 4, 2020. DOI: 10.1590/S1517-707620200004.1200

    Abstract: Neste trabalho, híbridos Ni/Carbono foram preparados em duas etapas (carbonização hidrotérmica e tratamento térmico a 900 °C sob argônio) a partir de diferentes fontes de carbono: glicose, amido e celulose. Eletrocatalisadores PtRu/C foram preparados pelo método da redução por álcool utilizando os híbridos como suportes. Os materiais foram caracterizados por espectroscopia por energia dispersiva de raios-X (EDX), análise termogravimétrica (TGA), espectroscopia no infravermelho com transformada de Fourier (FTIR), isotermas de B.E.T., difração de raios-X (DRX), microscopia eletrônica de transmissão (TEM) e voltametria cíclica em meio ácido. A eletro-oxidação do metanol foi estudada por cronoamperometria. O eletrocatalisador PtRu/C preparado utilizando o híbrido sintetizado a partir da celulose apresentou uma eletroatividade levemente superior aos demais materiais obtidos.

    Palavras-Chave: hydrothermal synthesis; carbonization; carbon sources; heat treatments; electrocatalysts; methanol; fuel cells; carbohydrates

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  • IPEN-DOC 27590

    RODRIGUES, BRUNO L.; BERTOTTI, VICTOR A.; FLOSI, ADRIANA A.; YORIYAZ, HELIO ; NUNES, MAIRA G. ; MAISTRO, CARLOS E.B.. Impacto dosimétrico de curvas CT-to-ED em irradiações de heterogeneidades de alto número atômico / Dosimetric impact of CT-to-ED curves on high atomic number heterogeneity irradiations. Revista Brasileira de Física Médica, v. 14, p. 1-9, 2020. DOI: 10.29384/rbfm.2020.v14.19849001578

    Abstract: Com a evolução dos sistemas de planejamento e a redução das incertezas no cálculo de dose, a correção de heterogeneidades se tornou necessária. A presença de ligas metálicas de alta densidade ainda é uma das limitações e fonte de imprecisão no cálculo de dose. Embora existam algoritmos de cálculo de dose precisos, a principal dificuldade está no estabelecimento de curvas de correção do número de Hounsfield (HU) para densidade eletrônica (CT-to-ED), para valores de HU apropriados. A maioria dos tomógrafos atuais trabalha em 12 bits, saturando o número de Hounsfield em torno de 3000 HU, sendo insuficiente para a maioria dos materiais de alto número atômico. No entanto, já existem equipamentos que operam com 16 bits e que não saturam na presença destes materiais, resultando em informações mais completas das propriedades físicas. O objetivo deste trabalho é avaliar, em irradiações de heterogeneidades de alto Z, o impacto dosimétrico quando são utilizadas curvas de correção que incluem altos valores de HU. Foram analisados os fatores que influenciam a construção da curva CT-to-ED e as fontes de incerteza no processo. As curvas foram introduzidas no sistema de planejamento e os resultados comparados com medidas experimentais. Os resultados indicaram que quando materiais de alto número atômico são incluídos na construção da curva CT-to-ED, existe uma dependência dessas curvas com a energia do tomógrafo. Observou-se uma maior concordância entre os dados medidos experimentalmente e os dados calculados, quando as curvas CT-to-ED expandidas para altos valores de HU são utilizadas pelos sistemas de planejamento.

    Palavras-Chave: radiotherapy; heterogeneous effects; computerized tomography; monte carlo method; doses; therapy; densitometers

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  • IPEN-DOC 27589

    GONCALVES, FLAVIA; CAMPOS, LUIZA M. de P. ; SANCHES, LUCIANA K.F.; SILVA, LARISSA T.S.; SANTOS, TAMIRIS M.R. dos ; VARCA, GUSTAVO H.C. ; LOPES, DIANA P.; COGO-MULLER, KARINA; PARRA, DUCLERC F. ; BRAGA, ROBERTO R.; SANTOS, MARCELO dos; BOARO, LETICIA C.C.. Antimicrobial activity and physicochemical performance of a modified endodontic sealer / Atividade antimicrobiana e desempenho físico-químico de um cimento endodôntico modificado. Research, Society and Development, v. 9, n. 11, p. 1-16, 2020. DOI: 10.33448/rsd-v9i11.9401

    Abstract: Introduction: this study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial and physicochemical properties of a commercial endodontic sealer modified by the addition of montmorillonite (MMT) nanoparticles loaded with two different drugs: chlorhexidine (CHX) or metronidazole (MET). Methods: 5 wt% MMT/CHX or MMT/MET nanoparticles were added to the sealer AH-Plus. The experimental materials were evaluated for drug release, antimicrobial activity, flow, flexural strength, and flexural modulus. Data were subjected to one-way ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis, and Mann-Whitney tests. Results: The drug incorporation into MMT particles was 9% and 10% for CHX and MET, respectively. At 20 days after manipulation, 16.5% of the drug was released by the sealer with MMT/MET and 0.4% by MMT/CHX. The addition of both nanoparticles decreased the flow of materials, but they were still in compliance with ISO 6876-2012. The conversion, flexural strength, and flexural modulus of MMT/MET (87%, 37±7 MPa, 2.3 GPa) and MMT/CHX (78%, 29±2 MPa, 2.7 GPa) were similar in both groups but lower than in the control group (100%, 54±7 MPa, 4.0±0.7 GPa). Both experimental materials were able to form an inhibition halo for E. faecalis bacteria (CHX: 4.8±1.4 and MET: 4.0±1.6 mm), whereas the control group did not inhibit the microorganism. Conclusion: both formulations proposed as endodontic sealer presented effective antimicrobial activity and acceptable flow. The addition of MMT/CHX and MMT/MET particles decreased the conversion and mechanical properties, but further studies are required to clarify the clinical relevance of these properties.

    Palavras-Chave: antimicrobial agents; metronidazole; organic chlorine compounds; dentistry; drugs; sealing materials; montmorillonite; nanoparticles; teeth; seals

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  • IPEN-DOC 27588

    BENCHERIF, HASSAN; BÈGUE, NELSON; PINHEIRO, DAMARIS K.; DU PREEZ, DAVID J.; CADET, JEAN-MAURICE; LOPES, FABIO J. da S. ; SHIKWAMBANA, LERATO; LANDULFO, EDUARDO ; VESCOVINI, THOMAS; LABUSCHAGNE, CASPER; SILVA, JONATAN J. ; ANABOR, VAGNER; COHEUR, PIERRE-FRANÇOIS; MBATHA, NKANYISO; HADJI-LAZARO, JULIETTE; SIVAKUMAR, VENKATARAMAN; CLERBAUX, CATHY. Investigating the long-range transport of aerosol plumes following the Amazon fires (August 2019): a multi-instrumental approach from ground-based and satellite observations. Remote Sensing, v. 12, n. 22, p. 1-18, 2020. DOI: 10.3390/rs12223846

    Abstract: Despite a number of studies on biomass burning (BB) emissions in the atmosphere, observation of the associated aerosols and pollutants requires continuous efforts. Brazil, and more broadly Latin America, is one of the most important seasonal sources of BB, particularly in the Amazon region. Uncertainty about aerosol loading in the source regions is a limiting factor in terms of understanding the role of aerosols in climate modelling. In the present work, we investigated the Amazon BB episode that occurred during August 2019 and made the international headlines, especially when the smoke plumes plunged distant cities such as São Paulo into darkness. Here, we used satellite and ground-based observations at different locations to investigate the long-range transport of aerosol plumes generated by the Amazon fires during the study period. The monitoring of BB activity was carried out using fire related pixel count from the moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) onboard the Aqua and Terra platforms, while the distribution of carbon monoxide (CO) concentrations and total columns were obtained from the infrared atmospheric sounding interferometer (IASI) onboard the METOP-A and METOP-B satellites. In addition, AERONET sun-photometers as well as the MODIS instrument made aerosol optical depth (AOD) measurements over the study region. Our datasets are consistent with each other and highlight AOD and CO variations and long-range transport of the fire plume from the source regions in the Amazon basin. We used the Lagrangian transport model FLEXPART (FLEXible PARTicle) to simulate backward dispersion, which showed good agreement with satellite and ground measurements observed over the study area. The increase in Rossby wave activity during the 2019 austral winter the Southern Hemisphere may have contributed to increasing the efficiency of large-scale transport of aerosol plumes generated by the Amazon fires during the study period.

    Palavras-Chave: biomass; fires; aerosols; aerosol wastes; air transport; carbon monoxide; satellites; plumes; air pollution; amazon river

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  • IPEN-DOC 27587

    PASQUALINI, ALEXANDRE A. ; ARTHUR, VALTER . Efeito do cobalto-60 em fêmeas R. (B) microplus na postura e na incubação dos ovos / Effect of cobalt-60 on R. (B) microplus females on egg laying and incubation. Pubvet, v. 14, n. 2, p. 1-6, 2020. DOI: 10.31533/pubvet.v14n2a516.1-6

    Abstract: Este trabalho buscou avaliar os efeitos do Co60 na postura de fêmeas ingurgitas do carrapato R.(B) microplus na fase de pré postura e na eclodibilidade de seus ovos quando submetidas às doses de 0 a 400 Gy onde se constatou que a radiação ionizante afetou em aproximadamente 70% o peso da postura dos ovos destas fêmeas, que a taxa de eclosão dos ovos da Testemunha foi 68,2% maior que a menor dose ionizante, o Tratamento com 5 Gy, que quanto maior a dose de radiação, menor o índice de eclosões e nos tratamentos que receberam doses maiores de 20 Gy, não ocorreram eclosões das posturas, estabelecendo-se assim um marco para se estudar a aplicação de técnica do inseto estéril neste espécime.

    Palavras-Chave: ticks; incubation; cobalt 60; ionizing radiations; irradiation; incubation; therapy

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  • IPEN-DOC 27586

    MARSCHICK, G.; SCHELL, J.; STÖGER, B.; GONÇALVES, J.N.; KARABASOV, M.O.; ZYABKIN, D.; WELKER, A.; ESCOBAR C., M.; GÄRTNER, D.; EFE, I.; SANTOS, R.A. ; LAULAINEN, J.E.M.; LUPASCU, D.C.. Multiferroic bismuth ferrite: perturbed angular correlation studies on its ferroic α-β phase transition. Physical Review B, v. 102, n. 22, p. 224110-1 - 224110-11, 2020. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevB.102.224110

    Abstract: Work of numerous research groups has shown different outcomes of studies of the transition from the ferroelectric α-phase to the high temperature β-phase of the multiferroic, magnetoelectric perovskite Bismuth Ferrite (BiFeO3 or BFO). Using the perturbed angular correlation (PAC) method with 111mCd as the probe nucleus, the α to β phase transition was characterized. The phase transition temperature, the change of the crystal structure, and its parameters were supervised with measurements at different temperatures using a six detector PAC setup to observe the γ -γ decay of the 111mCd probe nucleus. The temperature dependence of the hyperfine parameters shows a change in coordination of the probe ion, which substitutes for the bismuth site, forecasting the phase transition to β-BFO by either increasing disorder or formation of a polytype transition structure. A visible drop of the quadrupole frequency ω0 at a temperature of about Tc ≈ 820◦ C indicates the α-β phase transition. For a given crystal symmetry, the DFT-calculations yield a specific local symmetry and electric field gradient value of the probe ion. The Pbnm (β-BFO) crystal symmetry yields calculated local electric field gradients, which very well match our experimental results. The assumption of other crystal symmetries results in significantly different computed local environments not corresponding to the experiment.

    Palavras-Chave: bismuth; ferrites; angular correlation; perovskites; temperature dependence; diffraction; powders

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  • IPEN-DOC 27585

    GONCALVES, KARINA de O.; VIEIRA, DANIEL P. ; LEVY, DEBORA; BYDLOWSKI, SERGIO P.; COURROL, LILIA C.. Uptake of silver, gold, and hybrids silver-iron, gold-iron and silver-gold aminolevulinic acid nanoparticles by MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy, v. 32, p. 1-10, 2020. DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2020.102080

    Abstract: Background. Nanoparticles show promise for theranostic applications in cancer. The metal-based nanoparticles can be used both as photosensitizers and delivery vehicles. In bimetallic particles based on gold or silver and iron, a combination of the plasmonic features of the gold or silver components with the magnetic properties of the iron makes these hybrid nanomaterials suitable for both imaging and therapeutic applications. Herein, we discuss toxicity and cell internalization of metallic (silver and gold) and bimetallic (silver-iron, gold-iron, and silver-gold) aminolevulinic acid (ALA) nanoparticles. ALA can control the production of an intracellular photosensitizer, protoporphyrin IX (PpIX), commonly used in photodynamic therapy. Methods. Nanoparticles were synthesized by photoreduction method and characterized by UV/Vis spectra, Zeta potential, FTIR, XRD, and transmission electron microscopy. The amount of singlet oxygen generation by a yellow LED, and ultrasound was studied for gold, gold-iron, and silver-gold nanoparticles. Cytotoxicity assays of MCF-7 in the presence of nanoparticles were performed, and PpIX fluorescence was quantified by high content screening (HCS). Results. Red fluorescence observed after 24 h of nanoparticles incubation on MCF-7 cells, indicated that the ALA in surface of nanoparticles was efficiently converted to PpIX. The best results for singlet oxygen generation with LED or ultrasound irradiation were obtained with ALA:AgAuNPs. Conclusions. The studied nanoparticles present the potential to deliver aminolevulinic acid to breast cancer cells efficiently, generate singlet oxygen, and convert ALA into PpIX inside the cells allowing photodiagnosis and therapies such as photodynamic and sonodynamic therapies.

    Palavras-Chave: gold; silver; nanoparticles; mammary glands; neoplasms; drug delivery; reduction; therapy; aminolevulinic acid

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  • IPEN-DOC 27584

    ANJOS, CAROLINA dos; SELLERA, FABIO P.; RIBEIRO, MARTHA S. ; BAPTISTA, MAURICIO S.; POGLIANI, FABIO C.; LINCOPAN, NILTON; SABINO, CAETANO P.. Antimicrobial blue light and photodynamic therapy inhibit clinically relevant β-lactamases with extended-spectrum (ESBL) and carbapenemase activity. Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy, v. 32, p. 1-4, 2020. DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2020.102086

    Abstract: Introduction. The production of β-lactamases by Gram-negative bacteria is among the most important factors of resistance to antibiotics, which has contributed to therapeutic failures that currently threaten human and veterinary medicine worldwide. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy and antimicrobial blue light have a broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against multidrug-resistant and hypervirulent pathogens. Objective. To investigate the ability of antimicrobial blue light to inhibit the hydrolytic activity of clinically relevant β-lactamase enzymes (i.e., KPC, IMP, OXA, CTX-M, and SHV), with further comparison of the inhibitory effects of antimicrobial blue light with methylene blue-mediated antimicrobial photodynamic therapy. Methods. Blue LED light (λ = 410 ± 10 nm) alone or red LED light (λ = 660 ± 10 nm) in combination with methylene blue were used to inactivate, in vitro, suspensions of Klebsiella pneumoniae strains producing clinically important β-lactamase enzymes assigned to the A, B and D Ambler molecular classes. Furthermore, β-lactamase activity inhibition mediated by antimicrobial blue light and methylene blue-mediated antimicrobial photodynamic therapy was measured by using the chromogenic β-lactam substrate nitrocefin. Results. β-lactamase activities were effectively inactivated by both visible light-based approaches. In this regard, antimicrobial blue light and methylene blue-antimicrobial photodynamic therapy led to a significant reduction in the hydrolysis of nitrocefin (81–98 %). Conclusion. Sublethal doses of antimicrobial blue light and methylene blue-mediated antimicrobial photodynamic therapy are equally effective to inhibit clinically significant β-lactamases, including extended-spectrum β-lactamases and carbapenemases.

    Palavras-Chave: antimicrobial agents; methylene blue; antibiotics; lactams; inactivation; enzymes

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  • IPEN-DOC 27583

    LIMA, CAROLINE S.A. de ; VARCA, JUSTINE P.R.O. ; NOGUEIRA, KAMILA M. ; FAZOLIN, GABRIELA N. ; FREITAS, LUCAS F. de ; SOUZA, ELISEU W. de; LUGAO, ADEMAR B. ; VARCA, GUSTAVO H.C. . Semi-solid pharmaceutical formulations for the delivery of papain nanoparticles. Pharmaceutics, v. 12, n. 12, p. 1-12, 2020. DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12121170

    Abstract: Papain is a therapeutic enzyme with restricted applications due to associated allergenic reactions. Papain nanoparticles have shown to be safe for biomedical use, although a method for proper drug loading and release remains to be developed. Thus, the objective of this work was to develop and assess the stability of papain nanoparticles in a prototype semi-solid formulation suitable for dermatological or topical administrations. Papain nanoparticles of 7.0 ± 0.1 nm were synthesized and loaded into carboxymethylcellulose- and poly(vinyl alcohol)-based gels. The formulations were then assayed for preliminary stability, enzyme activity, cytotoxicity studies, and characterized according to their microstructures and protein distribution. The formulations were suitable for papain nanoparticle loading and provided a stable environment for the nanoparticles. The enzyme distribution along the gel matrix was homogeneous for all the formulations, and the proteolytic activity was preserved after the gel preparation. Both gels presented a slow release of the papain nanoparticles for four days. Cell viability assays revealed no potential cytotoxicity, and the presence of the nanoparticles did not alter the microstructure of the gel. The developed systems presented a potential for biomedical applications, either as drug delivery systems for papain nanoparticles and/or its complexes.

    Palavras-Chave: papain; nanoparticles; drugs; gels; proteins

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  • IPEN-DOC 27582

    LIMA, CAROLINE S.A. de ; BALOGH, TATIANA S. ; VARCA, JUSTINE P.R.O. ; VARCA, GUSTAVO H.C. ; LUGAO, ADEMAR B. ; CAMACHO-CRUZ, LUIS A.; BUCIO, EMILIO; KADLUBOWSKI, SLAWOMIR S.. An updated review of macro, micro, and nanostructured hydrogels for biomedical and pharmaceutical applications. Pharmaceutics, v. 12, n. 10, p. 1-28, 2020. DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12100970

    Abstract: Hydrogels are materials with wide applications in several fields, including the biomedical and pharmaceutical industries. Their properties such as the capacity of absorbing great amounts of aqueous solutions without losing shape and mechanical properties, as well as loading drugs of different nature, including hydrophobic ones and biomolecules, give an idea of their versatility and promising demand. As they have been explored in a great number of studies for years, many routes of synthesis have been developed, especially for chemical/permanent hydrogels. In the same way, stimuli-responsive hydrogels, also known as intelligent materials, have been explored too, enhancing the regulation of properties such as targeting and drug release. By controlling the particle size, hydrogel on the micro- and nanoscale have been studied likewise and have increased, even more, the possibilities for applications of the so-called XXI century materials. In this paper, we aimed to produce an overview of the recent studies concerning methods of synthesis, biomedical, and pharmaceutical applications of macro-, micro, and nanogels.

    Palavras-Chave: hydrogels; drugs; synthesis; cross-linking; skin; animal tissues; gamma radiation

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  • IPEN-DOC 27581

    ORTIZ, ROBERTO G.; FREIRE, LUCIANO O.; SORDI, GIAN M.A.A. ; ANDRADE, DELVONEI A. ; CALDAS, LINDA V.E. . Fundamentos de proteção radiológica para condução de submarinos nucleares. O Periscópio, v. 71, n. 71, p. 104-108, 2020.

    Palavras-Chave: radiation protection; nuclear submarines; ionization; safety; biological radiation effects; propulsion systems; background radiation; radiation doses

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  • IPEN-DOC 27580

    ANDRADE, JESSICA L.F.; NOGUEIRA, GUILHERME B.; BELLINI, MARIA H. ; MANCUSO, FREDERICO; KLEINE, JOAO P.; SILVA, ISMAEL D.C.G.; PUNARO, GIOVANA R.; HIGA, ELISA M.S.. eNOS 894T allele can contribute to endothelial dysfunction but not QT interval prolongation in dialytic patients. Medical & Clinical Research, v. 5, n. 11, p. 291-297, 2020. DOI: 10.33140/MCR.05.11.01

    Abstract: Background: Cardiovascular complications are common in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) is very important for the homeostasis of the cardiovascular system, and its gene polymorphism at position 894 (G>T) has not been investigated with QTc interval in patients on dialysis. Objective: This study evaluated the association of the 894G>T polymorphism with QTc prolongation and endothelial dysfunction risk in dialysis patients. Methods: Predialysis blood samples were collected for eNOS gene polymorphism, nitric oxide (NO), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), total antioxidant, asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and L-arginine, and 12-lead electrocardiograms were analyzed in these patients. Statistics were based on continuous and categorical variables using Fisher’s exact or Chi-square or one-way ANOVA or Kruskal- Wallis tests. The results were considered significant when P < 0.05. Results: The study showed that the GG genotype was prevalent, with 54% of patients, followed by 41% GT and 6% TT, and the genotypic distribution was not associated with QTc prolongation. Furthermore, patients with the T allele showed increased ADMA, L-arginine and peroxidation lipid levels with reduced NO synthesis. Conclusion: Our study showed a lack of association between QTc interval and eNOS polymorphism; however, it was found that patients with the T allele had a greater risk of developing endothelial dysfunction by ADMA, which could contribute to future cardiovascular complications and worsening of CKD.

    Palavras-Chave: kidneys; dialysis; oxidation; stresses; genome mutations; dna; nitric oxide; diseases; cardiovascular diseases

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  • IPEN-DOC 27579

    FERREIRA, NELSON D.; LEAL NETO, RICARDO M. ; FILGUEIRA, MARCELLO; ALVES, MANUEL F.R.P.; SANTOS, CLAUDINEI dos; RAMOS, ALFEU S.. Effect of cobalt doping and milling time on microstructure and Vickers microhardness of the spark plasma sintered (67-x)Ti-xCo-22Si-11B (x = 2 and 6 at-%) alloys. Materials Research, v. 23, n. 6, p. 1-10, 2020. DOI: 10.1590/1980-5373-MR-2020-0337

    Abstract: Ti-6Al-4V and TiAl-based alloys are widely used for fabricating the implantable orthopedic devices and automotive components, respectively. Ti6Si2B-based alloys are attractive for use in orthopedic components because their higher hardness, superior biocompatibility and corrosion resistance in simulated body fluid than Ti and Ti-6Al-4V alloy. Limited information on Ti6Si2B stability in Co-dopped 67Ti-22Si-11B alloys are available in literature. This work presents the effect of cobalt doping and milling time on microstructure and Vickers microhardness of 65Ti-2Co-22Si-11B and 61Ti-6Co-22Si-11B (at-%) alloys produced by spark plasma sintering at 1100 oC for 12min using 20MPa. Samples were characterized by X ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectrometry, laser particle size analysis, and Vickers microhardness. Sintered alloys with 2 and 6at-%Co indicated the major presence of Ti6Si2B and Ti5Si3 dissolving up to 2.7 and 4.2 at-%Co, respectively, besides the minor precipitates of CoTi2 (4.4-16.7at-%Si) and CoTi (4.6-4.7at-%Si). Vickers microhardness of the sintered 65Ti-2Co-22Si-11B and 61Ti-6Co-22Si-11B alloys were in the range of 950-1050 and 1050-1150HV, respectively. Although the increase from 2 to 6at-%Co has reduced the Ti6Si2B stability, the Co-rich phases increased their hardness values up to 1150HV (11.3GPa), which are superior than those of commercial Ti alloys used for joint orthopedic components and automotive rotating parts.

    Palavras-Chave: cobalt; cobalt hydroxides; doped materials; titanium alloys; implants; microstructure; plasma; sintering

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  • IPEN-DOC 27578

    AVELAR, ALAN M.; GIOVEDI, CLAUDIA; ABE, ALFREDO Y. ; MOURAO, MARCELO B.. Oxidation of AISI 304L and 348 stainless steels in water at high temperatures. Materials Research, v. 23, n. 6, p. 1-7, 2020. DOI: 10.1590/1980-5373-MR-2020-0373

    Abstract: Oxidation of AISI 304L and 348 stainless steels was investigated in water at 1000 – 1350 °C by TGA, SEM, EDS, and Raman spectroscopy. Linear-Parabolic kinetics and multilayer oxide scales with voids were found for both alloys. Based on the experimental results, AISI 304L presented higher oxidation resistance and higher activation energy. Zircaloy-4 kinetic results were used for validation and performance comparison. In severe accidents conditions, stainless steel might lead to a faster hydrogen production comparing to Zircaloy.

    Palavras-Chave: oxidation; stainless steels; hydrogen; stainless steel-348; stainless steel-304l; zircaloy 4; chemical composition

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  • IPEN-DOC 27577

    ALMEIDA, G.F.C. ; SUGAHARA, T.; ARBEX, A.A.; COUTO, A.A. ; MASSI, M.; MONTORO, F.E.; REIS, D.A.P.. Analysis of the surface treatments effect on the creep behavior of Ti-6Al-4V alloy. Materials Research, v. 23, n. 6, p. 1-9, 2020. DOI: 10.1590/1980-5373-MR-2020-0314

    Abstract: This paper compares the creep behavior of Ti-6Al-4V alloy after different surface treatments, the plasma nitriding using Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition (PECVD), and the deposition of SiC thin films with Cr interlayer using High Power Impulse Magnetron Sputtering (HiPIMS). A microstructural characterization was performed with Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Scanning and Transmission Electron Microscopy (STEM), and Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) techniques. The creep test was performed at a constant load from 500 to 600 °C and 125 to 319 MPa, and a fractographic analysis was performed. The EDS analysis of the plasma nitrided layer indicated the nitrogen presence of the compounds TiN and Ti2N and an increase in the iron concentration. Creep test results in both conditions indicated an increase in the creep resistance. Plasma nitrided condition indicated the lowest creep rate and lesser elongation, making it the most suitable in applications that require a low dimensional distortion.

    Palavras-Chave: titanium alloys; thin films; sputtering; magnetrons; plasma; nitridation; creep; surface treatments

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  • IPEN-DOC 27576

    GUIMARAES, LUCCA B.; BOTAS, ALEXANDRE M.P.; FELINTO, MARIA C.F.C. ; FERREIRA, RUTE A.S.; CARLOS, LUIS D.; MALTA, OSCAR L.; BRITO, HERMI F.. Highly sensitive and precise optical temperature sensors based on new luminescent Tb3+/Eu3+ tetrakis complexes with imidazolic counterions. Materials Advances, v. 1, n. 6, p. 1988-1995, 2020. DOI: 10.1039/d0ma00201a

    Abstract: In the present work, new Tb3+/Eu3+ tetrakis(benzoyltrifluoroacetone) complexes containing imidazolic counterions were successfully prepared and characterized via elemental analysis, infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetry, and X-ray powder diffraction. Photophysical features of the Eu3+ ion, such as the intrinsic emission quantum yields, radiative and non-radiative decay rates, and emission lifetimes were dramatically improved when compared with the data from the hydrated tris complex reported in the literature. The values found for the absolute emission quantum yields are up to 0.79 and ratiometric luminescent thermometers were built-up based on the ratio between the spectral areas of the 5D0 → 7F2 (Eu3+) and 5D4 → 7F5 (Tb3+) transitions. The best contactless temperature sensor operates in a wide temperature range (20–225 K) with a relative thermal sensitivity higher than 4% K−1 (maximum value of ∼7.6% K−1 at 20 K) and a temperature uncertainty lower than 0.1 K with a minimal lower than 0.01 K by combining excitation at the ligand (360 nm) and the Tb3+ ion (489 nm), illustrating the potential of lanthanide-based tetrakis complexes in the design of efficient luminescent thermometers.

    Palavras-Chave: photoluminescence; sensors; optical fibers; temperature measurement; rare earths; emission spectra

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  • IPEN-DOC 27575

    LICHTENTHALER, R.; APPANNABABU, S.; ALVAREZ, M.A.G.; RODRIGUEZ-GALLARDO, M.; LEPINE-SZILY, A.; PIRES, K.C.C.; SANTOS, O.C.B.; UMBELINO, U.; FARIA, P.N. de; GUIMARAES, V.; ZEVALLOS, E.O.N.; SCARDUELLI, V.; ASSUNCAO, M.; SHORTO, J.M.B. ; BARIONI, A.; ALCANTARA-NUNEZ, J.; MORCELLE, V.; SERRA, A.. Alpha-particle production in the 6He+120Sn collision. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, v. 1643, p. 1-6, 2020. DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/1643/1/012093

    Abstract: Alpha particle energy distributions in the 6He+120Sn collision have been measured at 7 bombarding energies above the Coulomb barrier. A phenomenological analysis of the centroids of the experimental distributions was performed and compared with the expected alpha-particle energies from breakup and neutron transfer reactions. Q-optimum conditions were determined using the Brinks formula for the di-neutron transfer reaction. A comparison of the measured alpha-particle production cross-sections with Continuum Discretized Coupled Channels (CDCC) calculations for breakup is presented.

    Palavras-Chave: alpha particles; helium 6; energy spectra; elastic scattering; neutron transfer; coupled channel theory; angular momentum

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  • IPEN-DOC 27574

    ORTIZ, NILCE ; NASCIMENTO, LUCIA ; MAICHIN, FERNANDA ; AZEVEDO, IZABELA R.L.C. ; VIEIRA, MARILIA G. . Yeast-TiO2 biotemplate for oxytetracycline solar photodecomposition. Journal of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, v. 8, n. 7, p. 12-26, 2020. DOI: 10.4236/msce.2020.87002

    Abstract: The detection of the pharmaceutical compounds used in human and veterinary medicine is in several environmental matrices (surface waters, effluents, groundwater, soils, and sediments), and such presence promotes the resistance bacteria development, making them ineffective in some diseases treatment. The research project promotes the TiO2 synthesis using yeast culture as biotemplate, the step followed by the microstructure characterization with surface area enhancement; such properties are responsible for the improvement of solar photodecomposition processes of the veterinary antibiotic oxytetracycline. In such simple and standard process conditions the system reaches about 84% of removal percentage with a better agreement with the pseudo-first-order with the Pearson coefficient in the range from 0.82 to 0.94 and K1 = 0.035 M−1∙s−1. The degradation rate constant increased with the increasing initial Yeast-TiO2 dosage until the maximum mass of 0.1 g or with the decreasing of initial oxytetracycline concentration. The solar light used as a sustainable irradiation source is abundant and low cost in tropical countries, perfect to be applied in water treatment to decompose the pharmaceuticals pollutants, as the veterinarian antibiotics. The study demonstrates that solar photodecomposition is an efficient treatment technology for the removal of antibiotics from polluted water and provides insightful information on the potential practical application of this technology to treat contaminated water, possibly also in rural, distant areas.

    Palavras-Chave: decomposition; titanium oxides; oxytetracycline; yeasts; solar energy; solar radiation; antibiotics

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  • IPEN-DOC 27573

    OLIVEIRA, LEANDRO A. de; SILVA, REJANE M.P. da ; RODAS, ANDREA C.D.; SOUTO, RICARDO M.; ANTUNES, RENATO A.. Surface chemistry, film morphology, local electrochemical behavior and cytotoxic response of anodized AZ31B magnesium alloy. Journal of Materials Research and Technology, v. 9, n. 6, p. 14754-14770, 2020. DOI: 10.1016/j.jmrt.2020.10.063

    Abstract: This work investigates the effect of current density on the surface chemistry, film morphology, cytotoxic response, global and local electrochemical behaviors of AZ31B alloy anodized in 1.0 M NaOH + 0.5 M Na2SiO3 solution. Three different current densities, namely 5, 10 and 20 mA cm−2 were tested. The surface morphology and thickness of the anodized layers were examined by scanning electron microscopy. The surface chemical states were assessed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The corrosion resistance was evaluated in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) based on electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and potentiodynamic polarization measurements. The use of scanning probe techniques with physicochemical resolution, the scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) and the scanning Kelvin probe (SKP), allowed the best corrosion behavior to be assigned to the sample anodized using a current density of 20 mA cm−2. Altogether, these methods allowed to establish that the anodizing current density imposed to the magnesium alloy had a major effect on the morphology and composition of the surface layers, and produced changes in their electrochemical behavior. In vitro cytotoxicity tests using the MTS assay demonstrated that the good biocompatibility of the AZ31B magnesium alloy was not damaged by the surface layers formed during the anodization treatment.

    Palavras-Chave: surfaces; chemistry; magnesium alloys; anodization; heat treatments; corrosion resistance; antimitotic drugs; toxicity; scanning electron microscopy

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  • IPEN-DOC 27572

    CONTATORI, C. ; DOMINGUES JUNIOR, N.I.; BARRETO, R.L. ; LIMA, N.B. de ; VATAVUK, J.; BORGES, A.A.C. ; ALMEIDA, G.F.C. ; COUTO, A.A. . Effect of Mg and Cu on microstructure, hardness and wear on functionally graded Al-19Si alloy prepared by centrifugal casting. Journal of Materials Research and Technology, v. 9, n. 6, p. 15862-15873, 2020. DOI: 10.1016/j.jmrt.2020.11.050

    Abstract: This paper aims to investigate the copper and the magnesium effects on the microstructure, on the hardness, and on the resistance to micro-abrasive wear of the alloy Al–19Si. Early findings could show that the hypereutectic Al–Si alloys fabricated by centrifugal casting exhibited the possibility of obtaining a Functionally Graded Material (FGM), as well as the less-dense particles tended to be concentrated in the region close to the tube inner surface. It was observed that the wear resistance in this region was increased by the concentration of primary Si and Mg2Si particles due to their smaller densities than that of the Al. Also, the Cu and Mg were added in contents of 2.5 and 5% by weight. Moreover, this study focused on understanding the radial β-Si and Mg2Si particles migration in the Al–19Si alloy tubes and their effect on hardness and wear resistance. Firstly, a large quantity of primary Si and Mg2Si particles were concentrated in the inner layer of the tubes produced by centrifugal casting in the alloys Al–19Si, Al–19Si–2.5Cu–2.5Mg and Al–19Si–5Cu–5Mg. After that, the hardness increase was related to the number of primary particles presented in this tube region. Therefore, the segregation of the primary particles towards the inner surface of the tube was more pronounced in the casting end region and the wear resistance was also related to the presence of the primary particles. However, an excessive number of primary particles accumulated near this region could lead to higher wear due to the higher particles tearing.

    Palavras-Chave: microstructure; magnesium; copper; aluminium alloys; casting; silicon; centrifugation; wear resistance; functionals; chemical composition

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  • IPEN-DOC 27571

    GONÇALVES, RODOLFO L.P.; CARDOSO, KATIA R.; MIYAKAWA, WALTER; ALMEIDA, GISELE F.C. ; SILVA SOBRINHO, ARGEMIRO S. da; MASSI, MARCOS. The role of the thickness on the tribological properties of FeAlCr intermetallic alloy thin films deposited on austenitic steel. Journal of Materials Research, v. 35, n. 23-24, p. 3192-3201, 2020. DOI: 10.1557/jmr.2020.313

    Abstract: Austenitic stainless steel is used in several industrial branches due to its mechanical and thermal properties, and to its good corrosion resistance. With low cost and biocompatibility, it is used to manufacture prostheses and devices for bone fixation. However, direct contact with body fluids may cause corrosion. Thin films of FeAlCr intermetallic alloy can be used to increase service life of prostheses and avoid replacement surgeries. The aim of this work was to cover the austenitic stainless steel to study the effect of target–substrate distance on the film characteristics. Coatings were performed using the magnetron sputtering technique with the substrate positioned at different distances from the target. The influence on film thickness, morphology, roughness, and adhesion to the substrate was investigated. The thin films of FeAlCr (160 nm thick deposited at 100 mm far from the substrate) were formed by smaller particles (11.2 nm long), densely packed (551,000 particles/mm2), with flat and regular appearance, and greater adherence to the substrate.

    Palavras-Chave: intermetallic compounds; thin films; austenitic steels; stainless steels; corrosion; corrosion resistance; magnetrons; implants; prostheses

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  • IPEN-DOC 27570

    ANJOS, C. dos; SELLERA, F.P.; FREITAS, L.M. de; GARGANO, R.G.; TELLES, E.O.; FREITAS, R.O.; BAPTISTA, M.S.; RIBEIRO, M.S. ; LINCOPAN, N.; POGLIANI, F.C.; SABINO, C.P.. Inactivation of milk-borne pathogens by blue light exposure. Journal of Dairy Science, v. 103, n. 2, p. 1261-1268, 2020. DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-16758

    Abstract: Food safety and quality management play a pivotal role in the dairy industry. Milk is a highly nutritious food that also provides an excellent medium for growth of pathogenic microorganisms. Thus, dairy industry focuses most of their processes and costs on keeping contamination levels as low as possible. Thermal processes for microbial decontamination may be effective; however, they cannot provide excellent organoleptic, nutritional, and decontamination properties simultaneously. In this scenario, microbial inactivation by exposure to blue light is a promising alternative method in the food industry due to its intrinsic antimicrobial properties free of any thermal effect. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the inactivation kinetics induced by blue light (λ = 413 nm) against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella Typhimurium, and Mycobacterium fortuitum cells suspended in whole milk or saline solution. We also performed a series of optic spectroscopies to investigate possible degradation of milk components. All species were sensitive to photoinactivation suspended either in saline solution or milk. Inactivation kinetics differs significantly depending on the suspension medium and each species is differently affected. All bacterial species tested presented more than 5 log10 of inactivation within less than 2 h of irradiation (720 J/cm2). Infrared spectroscopy did not reveal any significant alteration in any of the milk constituents (e.g., sugars, proteins, and lipids). Riboflavin (vitamin B2) was the only significantly degraded constituent found. Therefore, we conclude that microbial inactivation performed by blue light presents extraordinary potential for processes in the dairy industry.

    Palavras-Chave: bacteria; food industry; safety; food processing; irradiation; milk; milk products; light emitting diodes; spectroscopy; decomposition; inactivation

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  • IPEN-DOC 27569

    ORTIZ, NILCE ; AZEVEDO, IZABELA R.C.L. ; VIEIRA, MARILIA G. ; MAICHIN, FERNANDA ; NASCIMENTO, LUCIA . Oxytetracycline water contamination treated with biocarbon TiO2 and solar photodecomposition. Journal of Agricultural Chemistry and Environment, v. 9, n. 4, p. 299-313, 2020. DOI: 10.4236/jacen.2020.94022

    Abstract: Reliable data of antibiotic use and environmental discharge as veterinary medicine are essential to help countries raise awareness of the appropriate use, control, and correct water release. The first approach is to change the regulatory framework based on consuming information, use policy, and discharge laws. The important research contribution is a novel water treatment process to treat, remove, and reduce antibiotic concentration in discharged water, mainly those used in the animal protein industry. The low particle biochar added during the titanium isopropoxide hydrolysis reduces the titanium dioxide (TiO2) agglomerates and promotes the adsorption surface process. Such improved catalyst material enhances the solar decomposition efficiency to 93% from original oxytetracycline with better correspondence with the Elovich kinetics, intraparticle diffusion, R-P isotherm, and Langmuir- Hinshelwood model.

    Palavras-Chave: oxytetracycline; water pollution; surface waters; waste water; solar radiation; photolysis; decomposition; carbon; biofuels

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  • IPEN-DOC 27568

    LORIATO, AYRES G.; SALVADOR, NADIR; LORIATO, AYRAN A.B.; NASCIMENTO, ERIC G.S.; MOREIRA, DAVIDSON M.; REIS JUNIOR, NEYVAL C.; SOKOLOV, ANTON; LANDULFO, EDUARDO ; ALBUQUERQUE, TACIANA T. de A.. Brazilian coastal region modeling with WRF/SMOKE/CMAQ and atmospheric parameter measurement validation with radio probing, Sodar and Lidar. International Journal of Research in Engineering and Science, v. 8, n. 12, p. 1-15, 2020.

    Abstract: This article aims to evaluate and compare data of vertical potential temperature profile, wind velocity and PM10 concentration measured during an experimental campaign on July 2012 by means of radio probing, Sonic Detection And Ranging (SODAR) and Light Detection And Ranging (LIDAR) with those modeled by means of numerical simulation with Weather Research And Forecast Model (WRF), Sparse Matrix Operator Kernel Emissions (SMOKE) and Community Multi-Scale Air Quality (CMAQ). The study has been conducted at Região da Grande Vitória (RGV), a Brazilian coastal region. All data measurements have been done at Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), in the city of Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil. For numerical simulation, RGV's emissions inventory has been used to model a 61x79km2 grid with spatial resolution of 1 km2 and temporal resolution of 1 hour. Sea breeze is a relevant weather phenomenon along coastal regions, and it has been perceived by both SODAR measurement and WRFmodeling. During the experimental campaign, the most intense sea breeze occurred on July 28, 2012 and, therefore, a thorough analysis of atmospheric and pollution parameters has been done for that day. This analysis showed neutral atmosphere up to 200 meters of altitude and stability beyond that, which has been confirmed by WRFmodeling. Regarding wind data, the comparison between SODAR measurement and WRFmodeling showed similarities regarding wind direction, but wind speed was overestimated by WRF. Lastly, LIDAR measurement and CMAQmodeling showed close values for PM10 pollutant concentration.

    Palavras-Chave: coastal regions; air pollution; optical radar; atmospheres; meteorology; air quality

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  • IPEN-DOC 27565

    DAL PRÁ, BRUNO R. ; MESQUITA, ROBERTO N. de ; MENEZES, MARIO O. de ; ANDRADE, DELVONEI A. de . Nutritional evaluation of Brachiaria brizantha cv. marandu using convolutional neural networks. Inteligencia Artificial, v. 23, n. 66, p. 85-96, 2020. DOI: 10.4114/intartif.vol23iss66pp85-96

    Abstract: The identification of plant nutritional stress based on visual symptoms is predominantly done manually and is performed by trained specialists to identify such anomalies. In addition, this process tends to be very time consuming, has a variability between crop areas and is often required for analysis at various points of the property. This work proposes an image recognition system that analyzes the nutritional status of the plant to help solve these problems. The methodology uses deep learning that automates the process of identifying and classifying nutritional stress of Brachiaria brizantha cv. marandu. An image recognition system was built and analyzes the nutritional status of the plant using the digital images of its leaves. The system identifies and classifies Nitrogen and Potassium deficiencies. Upon receiving the image of the pasture leaf, after a classification performed by a convolutional neural network (CNN), the system presents the result of the diagnosed nutritional status. Tests performed to identify the nutritional status of the leaves presented an accuracy of 96%. We are working to expand the data of the image database to obtain an increase in the accuracy levels, aiming at the training with a larger amount of information presented to CNN and, thus, obtaining results that are more expressive.

    Palavras-Chave: plants; nutrition; learning; neural networks; computers; artificial intelligence

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  • IPEN-DOC 27564

    BADE, TAMIRIS G.; ROUDET, JAMES; GUICHON, JEAN-MICHEL; KUO-PENG, PATRICK; SARTORI, CARLOS A.F. . Robust filter design technique to limit resonance in long cables connected to power converters. IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility, v. 62, n. 6, p. 2804-2813, 2020. DOI: 10.1109/TEMC.2020.2993082

    Abstract: A novel numerical analysis to characterize and to visualize the resonance behavior in a long cable is proposed. The resonance-due maximum amplification, and the frequency and position to which the maximum occurs, are represented in function of the load connected to the cable terminal in a 3-D plot here denominated “resonance surface response.” This analysis is based on a white box modeling and allows the design of protective measures against the resonance phenomenon, such as filter design, protection against cross-talk, adequate voltage insulation choice, etc. One of these applications is exemplified: the design of an output filter for a power converter connected to a long cable, from which the results are compared to a classical design of the same filter to highlight the advantages and demonstrate the robustness of the proposed technique.

    Palavras-Chave: resonance; design; control systems; cables; power; filters; impedance

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  • IPEN-DOC 27563

    CARDOSO, ELIZABETH C.L. ; PARRA, DUCLERC F. ; SCAGLIUSI, SANDRA R. ; LUGAO, ADEMAR B. . Study of PBAT/PLA bio-based blends reinforced with chicken eggshell nano powder compatibilized with ionizing radiation. Astrophysics & Aerospace Technology, v. 8, n. 2, p. 11-11, 2020.

    Abstract: Eggshell is a solid waste, with production of several tons per day and it is mostly sent to landfills at a high management cost. A few used of eggshell include: fertilizing the garden, cleaning pots and pans, seed starter, feeding birds, making bone broth, etc… Nevertheless, chicken eggshell biowaste has recently been used to substitute calcium carbonate (CaCO3), due to its reinforcing property and low price. It is economically viable to transform eggshell waste to acquire new values, transforming it into a bioplastic: a biodegradable polymer made from bio-mass. The surprising strength of eggshells endorses their application for reinforcement of biodegradable polymers herein studied: PLA (poly-lactic acid) and PBAT (butylene adipate co-terephthalate). PLA is derived from renewable sourced: polylactic acid plastics are sturdier and capable to be blend with conventional petroleum polymers; nevertheless, they exhibit a narrow process window and low thermal stability, besides an inherent high cost. PBAT, as PLA, is a biodegradable aliphatic polyester, although a synthetic polymer based on fossil resources. By incorporating PBAT in PLA it is expected to improve flexibility of PBAT/PLA blend. Previous studies using PBAT/PLA, 50/50 blends containing 15% of chicken eggshell 125 µm improved mechanical behavior of net blends: values for both force and strain practically doubled, proving the effective reinforcement action of calcium carbonate extracted from eggshells. Conventional polymer processing methods can be used in both PLA and PBAT compositions. Due to common incompatibility between PLA and PBAT, considering their extreme glass transition temperatures: 62 º C and – 30 º C, respectively, it is required a compatibilizer to accomplish or increase their interaction. Herein it was used PLA previously e-beam radiated at 150 kGy, as compatibilizing agent: ionizing radiation induces compatibilization by free radicals, improving the dispersion and adhesion of blend phases, without the use of chemical additives and at room temperature. Herein there were prepared bio-composite PBAT/PLA 82/18 blends with 2.5, 5.0 and 10.0 % of eggshell nano-powder, 161 nm, in average, and 5.0 % of PLA 150 kGy e-beam radiated were homogeneized in a co-rotating twin-screw extruder. Subsequent investigations included: Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC), Thermal Gravimetric Analysis (TGA), Fourier Transmittance Infrared (FTIR), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Tensile Strength and Elongation at Break

    Palavras-Chave: eggs; chickens; fertilizers; solid wastes; ionizing radiations; nanopowders

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  • IPEN-DOC 27562

    THOMAZ, LUCIANA; ALMEIDA, LUIZ G. de; SILVA, FLAVIA R.O. ; CORTEZ, MAURO; TABORDA, CARLOS P.; SPIRA, BENY. In vivo activity of silver nanoparticles against Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in Galleria mellonella. Frontiers in Microbiology, v. 11, p. 1-14, 2020. DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.582107

    Abstract: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen associated with life-threatening nosocomial and community-acquired infections. Antibiotic resistance is an immediate threat to public health and demands an urgent action to discovering new antimicrobial agents. One of the best alternatives for pre-clinical tests with animal models is the greater wax moth Galleria mellonella. Here, we evaluated the antipseudomonal activity of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) against P. aeruginosa strain UCBPP-PA14 using G. mellonella larvae. The AgNPs were synthesized through a non-toxic biogenic process involving microorganism fermentation. The effect of AgNPs was assessed through characterization and quantification of the hemocytic response, nodulation and phenoloxidase cascade. On average, 80% of the larvae infected with P. aeruginosa and prophylactically treated with nanoparticles survived. Both the specific and total larvae hemocyte counts were restored in the treated group. In addition, the nodulation process and the phenoloxidase cascade were less exacerbated when the larvae were exposed to the silver nanoparticles. AgNPs protect the larvae from P. aeruginosa infection by directly killing the bacteria and indirectly by preventing an exacerbated immunological response against the pathogen. Our results suggest that the prophylactic use of AgNPs has a strong protective activity against P. aeruginosa infection.

    Palavras-Chave: lepidoptera; bacteria; pseudomonas; nanoparticles; silver; antibiotics; antimicrobial agents; toxicity

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  • IPEN-DOC 27561

    LOPES, A.C.O.; COELHO, P.G.; WITEK, L.; BENALCAZAR JALKH, E.B.; GENOVA, L.A. ; MONTEIRO, K.N.; CESAR, P.F.; LISBOA-FILHO, P.N.; BERGAMO, E.T.G.; RAMALHO, I.S.; CAMPOS, T.M.B.; BONFANTE, E.A.. Microstructural, mechanical, and optical characterization of an experimental aging-resistant zirconia-toughened alumina (ZTA) composite. Dental Materials, v. 36, n. 12, p. e365-e374, 2020. DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2020.08.010

    Abstract: Objective. To evaluate the effect of aging on the microstructural, mechanical, and optical properties of an experimental zirconia-toughened alumina composite with 80%Al2O3 and 20%ZrO2 (ZTA Zpex) compared to a translucent zirconia (Zpex) and Alumina. Methods. Disc-shaped specimens were obtained by uniaxial and isostatic pressing the synthesized powders (n = 70/material). After sintering and polishing, half of the specimens underwent aging (20 h, 134 °C, 2.2 bar). Crystalline content and microstructure were evaluated using X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy, respectively. Specimens underwent biaxial flexural strength testing to determine the characteristic stress, Weibull modulus, and reliability. Translucency parameter (TP) and Contrast ratio (CR) were calculated to characterize optical properties. Results. ZTA Zpex demonstrated a compact surface with a uniform dispersion of zirconia particles within the alumina matrix, and typical alumina and zirconia crystalline content. ZTA Zpex and alumina exhibited higher CR and lower TP than Zpex. ZTA Zpex and Zpex showed significantly higher characteristic stress relative to alumina. While aging did not affect optical and mechanical properties of ZTA Zpex and alumina, Zpex demonstrated a significant increase in translucency, as well as a in characteristic stress. Alumina reliability was significantly lower than others at 300 MPa, ZTA Zpex and Zpex reliability decreased at 800 MPa, except for aged Zpex. Significance. While aging did not affect the mechanical nor the optical properties of ZTA Zpex and alumina, it did alter both properties of Zpex. The results encourage further investigations to engineer ZTA as a framework material for long span fixed dental prostheses specially where darkened substrates, such as titanium implant abutments or endodontically treated teeth, demand masking.

    Palavras-Chave: microstructure; zirconium oxides; aluminium oxides; mechanical properties; optical properties; polycrystals; sintering

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  • IPEN-DOC 27560

    JALKH, ERNESTO B.B.; MONTEIRO, KELLI N.; CESAR, PAULO F.; GENOVA, LUIS A. ; BERGAMO, EDMARA T.P.; LOPES, ADOLFO C. de O.; LIMA, ERICK; LISBOA-FILHO, PAULO N.; CAMPOS, TIAGO M.B.; WITEK, LUKASZ; COELHO, PAULO G.; BORGES, ANA F.S.; BONFANTE, ESTEVAM A.. Aging resistant ZTA composite for dental applications: microstructural, optical and mechanical characterization. Dental Materials, v. 36, n. 9, p. 1190-1200, 2020. DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2020.05.011

    Abstract: Objective. To synthesize a zirconia toughened alumina (ZTA) composite with 70% aluminareinforced by 30% zirconia for dental applications and to characterize its microstructureand optical properties for comparison with the isolated counterpart materials and a first-generation 3Y-TZP.Methods. Disc-shaped specimens were divided in four groups (n = 70/material): (1) 3YSB-E(first generation 3Y-TZP), (2) Zpex (second generation 3Y-TZP), (3) alumina, and (4) ZTA-Zpex70/30. After synthesis, ceramic powders were pressed, and green-body samples sinteredfollowing a predetermined protocol. Specimens were polished to obtain a mirror surfacefinish. Apparent density was measured by Archimedes principle. X-ray diffraction (XRD)and scanning electron microscope (SEM) were used to characterize the crystalline contentand microstructure. Reflectance tests were performed to determine the contrast-ratio (CR)and translucency-parameter (TP). Mechanical properties were assessed by biaxial flexuralstrength (BFS) test. All analyses were conducted before and after artificial aging (20 h, 134◦C, 2.2 bar). Optical parameters were evaluated through repeated-measures analysis of variance and Tukey tests (p < 0.05). BFS data were analyzed using Weibull statistics (95% CI). Results. High density values (95–99%) were found for all ceramic materials and SEM images exhibited a dense microstructure. While XRD patterns revealed the preservation of crys- talline content in the ZTA composite, an increase in the monoclinic peak was observed for pure zirconias after aging. Significantly higher CR and lower TP values were observed for the ZTA composite, followed by alumina, 3YSB-E, and Zpex. The highest characteristic stress was recorded for 3YSB-E, followed by intermediate values between ZTA and Zpex, and the lowest for alumina. Aging affected the optical and mechanical properties of both zirconias, while remained stable for ZTA composite and alumina. Significance. The synthesis of experimental 70−30% ZTA composite was successful and its relevance for dental applications relies on its higher masking ability, aging resistance, and strength similar to zirconia.

    Palavras-Chave: composite materials; zirconium oxides; aluminium oxides; mechanical properties; optical properties; microstructure; dentistry; prostheses

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  • IPEN-DOC 27559

    SANTOS, DIOGO F. dos ; SANTOS, ADIMIR dos ; DINIZ, RICARDO . APSD up to 100 kHz dataset measured in the IPEN/MB-01 research reactor facility. Data in Brief, v. 33, p. 1-8, 2020. DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2020.106609

    Abstract: The data presented in this work are from the very accu- rate reactor noise measurements performed in the IPEN/MB- 01 research reactor facility. The quantity inferred from the measured data was the Auto Power Spectral Density (APSD) with the frequency range extended up to 100 kHz. The core configuration considered a short version of the IPEN/MB-01 core, consisted of a 26 ×24 rectangular array of fuel rods with control banks totally withdrawn. The measured reactiv- ity excess for this configuration was equal to (10 ±3) pcm. The subcriticality was reached by poisoning the reactor wa- ter with boric acid (H 3 BO 3 ) in the concentrations of 286.8 and 578.6 ppm of natural boron. The main goal of these experiments was to test subcritical configurations with uni- form poisoning. The average temperature for the experiment with 286.8 ppm of natural boron was (19.82 ±0.37) °C and that for the 578.6 ppm was (19.89 ±0.09) °C. The core was driven by the 241 Am-Be start-up source ( ∼1.0 Ci) of the facil- ity placed in the reflector. The APSD (in units of count 2 /Hz) was inferred employing the IPEN/MB-01 Correlator. The basic measured data arise from the pulses of two 3 He Centronic detectors placed in the reflector region.

    Palavras-Chave: zero power reactors; reactor noise; spectral density; criticality; frequency measurement; lifetime; neutrons; ipen-mb-1 reactor

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  • IPEN-DOC 27558

    FRANCO, MARGARETH K.K.D. ; SEPULVEDA, ANDERSON F.; VIGATO, ARYANE A.; OSHIRO, ALISSON; MACHADO, IAN P.; KENT, BEN; CLEMENS, DANIEL; YOKAICHIYA, FABIANO; ARAUJO, DANIELE R. de. Supramolecular structure of temperature-dependent polymeric hydrogels modulated by drug incorporation. ChemistrySelect, v. 5, n. 42, p. 12853-12861, 2020. DOI: 10.1002/slct.202001116

    Abstract: Poloxamers or Pluronics® (PL) have been described as promising pharmaceutical and cosmetics matrices. Herein, we have explored the structural organization of hydrogel formulations composed of PL F‐127 and PL L‐81, considering their different hydrophilic‐lipophilic balances and interactions with an antimigraine drug, sumatriptan succinate (SMT). Hydrogels phase organizations were investigated by X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and Small Angle Neutron Scattering (SANS) to establish the relationship between structural features and drug release modulation. XRD analysis revealed very low intensity peaks for hydrogels containing SMT due to the presence of small amounts of SMT as crystalline form, which is an evidence of drug incorporation into hydrogels. At physiological temperature, a structural transition from lamellar to hexagonal was observed after SMT incorporation. In addition, SANS patterns displayed a distorted hexagonal structure, (calculated q2 >experimental q2), indicating the presence of a comprised structure compared to a perfect hexagonal assembly. This structural shift however have no influence on the drug release mechanism, allowing the SMT molecules to access the micellar and intermicellar hydrophilic spaces, with release mechanism dependent on the drug diffusion (R2=0.998 ≥ 0.986) from the hydrogel to the medium and release constant (Krel) values from 9.8 to 14.7 %.h−1; 31.5 to 39.1 %.h−1/2; 0.84 to 1.2 %.h−n for Zero‐order, Higuchi and Korsmeyer‐Peppas models, respectively. Using SMT as a drug model, it could be concluded that the drug access to the micellar/intermicellar hydrophilic spaces can be modulated by interplaying the polarity of binary PL‐based hydrogels. Therefore, drug release constants and mechanisms will be then dependent on the hydrogels physico‐chemical and structural properties, which determine the drug diffusion from the hydrogel to the release medium.

    Palavras-Chave: nanostructures; copolymers; channeling; colloids; hydrogels; micellar systems; small angle scattering; neutrons

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  • IPEN-DOC 27557

    OLIVEIRA, E.C. de ; BENTO, R.T. ; CORREA, O.V. ; PILLIS, M.F. . Visible-light photocatalytic activity and recyclability of N-doped TiO2 films grown by MOCVD / Atividade fotocatalítica sob luz visível e reutilização de filmes de TiO2 dopados com N crescidos por MOCVD. Cerâmica, v. 66, n. 380, p. 451-459, 2020. DOI: 10.1590/0366-69132020663802957

    Abstract: Nitrogen-doped TiO2 films were grown on borosilicate glass substrates at 400 °C by the metallorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) for removing dye from water under visible light. The effect of N-doping on the structural, surface, and photocatalytic properties of films was evaluated. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses revealed that 1.56 and 2.44 at% of nitrogen were incorporated into the films by varying the NH3 flux during the growth. Methyl orange dye degradation experiments showed that the N-doped films presented photoactivity under visible light. The film containing 2.44 at% of nitrogen exhibited the best photocatalytic behavior, with 55% of efficiency. Recyclability tests under visible light showed that the film efficiency dropped gradually after each test. N-TiO2 films grown by MOCVD have the potential to be used in environmental applications by removing pollutants using a green method under sunlight or even under internal illumination, although its reuse is limited.

    Palavras-Chave: photocatalysis; titanium oxides; thin films; nanostructures; chemical vapor deposition; organometallic compounds; nitrogen; doped materials; recycling; x-ray spectra

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  • IPEN-DOC 27556

    MARKERT, BERND; ABDALLAH, NAGLAA; AKSOY, AHMED; AMMARI, TAREK; ARIAS, ANDRES; AZAIZEH, HASSAN; BADRAN, ADNAN; BALTRĖNAITĖ, EDITA; BAYDOUN, ELIAS; BERNSTEIN, NIRIT; CANHA, NUNO; CHUDZINSKA, EWA; DELAKOWITZ, BERND; DIATTA, JEAN; DJINGOVA, RUMY; EL-SHEIK, OMER; FARGASOVA, AGATA; FIGUEIREDO, ANA M. ; FRÄNZLE, STEFAN; FRONTESYEVA, MARINA; GHAFARI, ZAHRA; GOLAN, AVI; GORELOVA, SVETLANA; GREGER, MARIA; HARMENS, HARRY; HILLMAN, JOHN; HOODA, PETER; JAYASEKERA, RANJIT; KIDD, PETRA; KIM, EUN-SHIK; LOPPI, STEFANO; LAHIRI, SUSANTA; LIU, SHIRONG; LUX, ALEXANDER; MA, LENA; MARCOVECCHIO, JORGE; MEERS, ERIK; MENCH, MICHEL; MICHALKE, BERNHARD; MOWAFAQ, MOHAMMED; NAMIESNIK, JACEK; NRIAGU, JEROME; ÖZTÜRK, MUNIR; PACYNA, JOZEF; PEHKONEN, SIMO; RENELLA, GIANCARLO; RINKLEBE, JÖRG; ROBINSON, BRET; SAIKI, MITIKO ; SZEFER, PIOTR; TABORS, GUNTIS; TACK, FILIPE; SUCHARA, IVAN; VANGRONSVELD, JACO; VASCONCELLOS, MARINA ; WANG, MEIE; WACLAWEK, MARIA; WOLTERBEEK, BERT; WÜNSCHMANN, SIMONE; ZECHMEISTER, HARALD. Information gain in environmental monitoring through bioindication and biomonitoring methods ("B & B technologies") and phytoremediation processes–with special reference to the Biological System of Chemical Elements (BSCE) under specific consideration of Lithium. Bioactive Compounds in Health and Disease, v. 3, n. 11, p. 214-250, 2020. DOI: 10.31989/bchd.v3i11.760

    Abstract: Different definitions for the concepts of information, information transfer, i.e. communication and its effect and efficiency of false, but also correct information, especially from the environmental sector, are given. "THE TEN ECOLOGICAL COMMANDMENTS" developed by Menke-Glückert at the end of the 1960s, the 9th commandment "Do not pollute information", in particular, is examined in more detail and understood practically as a currently unchanging law in our existing world societies. The "Ethics Consensus", derived from "THE TEN ECOLOGICAL COMMANDMENTS" and developed by Markert at the end of the 1990s, reflects both theoretical and practical levels of action that many people in our highly diverse world societies can support. From a scientific point of view, this article deals with the so-called B & B technologies, i.e. bioindication and biomonitoring of chemical elements, their chemical speciation as well as organic substances. B & B technologies, which deals with the biological detection of atmospheric deposition of chemical substances on a regional, national, and international level, are taken into account. From both an academic and a practical point of view, mosses have prevailed here in the last decades in addition to lichens. The use of mosses is a major focus of international air monitoring, especially in Europe. Furthermore, the phytoremediation of chemical substances in water, soil and air is described as a biological and sustainable biological process, which does not yet have the full scope as it is used in bioindication and biomonitoring, as shown in the example of mosses. However, the phytoremediation is considered to be an excellent tool to have the leading role in the sustainable pollutant "fight". In the future qualitative and quantitative approaches have been further developed to fit scientifically and practically B&B Technologies as well the different forms of phytotechnological approaches. Finally, the example of lithium, which is optionally derived from the Biological System of Chemical Elements (BSCE), becomes a chemical example that the administration of lithium to ALL mentally conditioned diseases such as manic depression to smoking cigarettes becomes one of the most valuable services for the recovery of human society on a global level. As a conclusion of these tremendous effects of lithium can be considered: pulled out, to make clear that only this chemical element beside a psychiatric care and the involvement of family members, friends, physicians, psychologists and psychiatrists. In addition, it is a must that there is a strong relationship between patient, psychiatrist(s) and strongly related persons to the patient. First an intensive information transfer via communication must be guaranteed. After it, psychological support by doctors and, only if it seems necessary Lithium is to be given in a patient specific dose.

    Palavras-Chave: plants; environment; monitoring; chemical properties; ecosystems; lithium; neurology; nervous system diseases

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  • IPEN-DOC 27555

    ALVIM, DEBORA S.; GATTI, LUCIANA V.; CORREA, SERGIO M.; CHIQUETTO, JULIO B. ; PENDHARKAR, JAYANT; PRETTO, ANGELICA; SANTOS, GUACIARA M.; ROSSATI, CARLOS de S.; HERDIES, DIRCEU L.; FIGUEROA, SILVIO N.; NOBRE, PAULO. Concentrations of Volatile Organic Compounds in the megacity of São Paulo in 2006 and 2011/2012: a comparative study / Concentrações de Compostos Orgânicos Voláteis na megacidade de São Paulo em 2006 e 2011/2012 – um estudo comparativo. Anuário do Instituto de Geociências - UFRJ, v. 43, n. 4, p. 263-282, 2020. DOI: 10.11137/2020_4_263_282

    Abstract: The focus of this study was to measure the Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) concentrations in the megacity – São Paulo Metropolitan Area (SPMA). The measurements analyzed in this study included 78 hydrocarbon (HC) samples collected during 2006, and 66 samples of HC, 62 of aldehydes and 42 of ethanol collected during 2011-2012. The observational results showed that the consumption of ethanol, gasoline and diesel from 2006 to 2012 increased by 64 %, 23 % and 25 %, respectively, with substantial changes in the atmospheric composition. The 10 most abundant VOCs in the atmosphere found during 2011/2012 at CETESB IPEN/ USP air quality monitoring station were ethanol, acetaldehyde, formaldehyde, acetone, propane, ethene, ethane, butane, 1-ethyl-4- methyl benzene, and 1,2,4-trimethyl benzene. During the 2006 campaign, alkanes represented 54.8 % of the total HC concentration, alkenes 29.2 %, aromatics 13.6 %, and alkadienes 2.4 %. On the other hand, during the 2011-2012 campaign, aldehydes represented 35.3 % of the VOCs, ethanol 22.6 %, aromatics 15.5 %, alkanes 13.5 %, acetone 6.8 %, alkenes 6.0 %, and alkadienes with less than 0.1 %. An increase in VOCs concentrations in the SPMA atmosphere from 2006 to 2012, such as aldehydes and aromatics (which are important ozone precursors) was measured.

    Palavras-Chave: organic compounds; volatility; air pollution; ozone; air quality; urban areas; ethanol; carbon; emission; environment

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  • IPEN-DOC 27554

    KUCHAR, NIELSEN G. ; ZAMATARO, CLAUDIA B. ; ZANINI, NATHALIA ; RABELO, THAIS F. ; JUVINO, AMANDA C. ; SOGLIA, VICTOR ; CASTRO, PEDRO A.A. ; ZEZELL, DENISE . Comportamento da hidroxiapatita do esmalte e da dentina frente à radiação ionizante in vivo e in vitro. In: CONGRESSO UNIVERSITÁRIO BRASILEIRO DE ODONTOLOGIA, 43., 18-20 de setembro, 2019, São Paulo, SP. Resumo expandido... 2019.

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  • IPEN-DOC 27553

    MILAGRE, MARIANA X. ; FRANCO, MARGARETH ; GENEZINI, FREDERICO ; WIMPORY, ROBERT C.; YOKAICHIYA, FABIANO; COSTA, ISOLDA . A correlation between microstructure and residual stress in the 6061 Al–Mg–Si alloy with different thermomechanical process. SN Applied Sciences, v. 2, n. 12, 2020. DOI: 10.1007/s42452-020-03945-y

    Abstract: Depending on the nature of the loading during service, the level and nature of residual stress can contribute to the lower service-life of a component. In this study the internal level of the residual stress of a 6061 Al–Mg–Si alloy with different thermomechanical processes was evaluated by residual stress neutron diffraction (RSND). Commercial tempers such as T6 (peak aged) and O (annealed) were compared with the 6061 alloy after different steps of a thermomechanical processing used for the manufacturing of nuclear fuel plates, R3 and R9H60. The results showed that the lowest level of residual stress was found for the peak age, T6 condition. This was associated with the highest microhardness value (highest density of "β″ phase) and lowest grain size. The O temper was the only condition which showed compressive residual stress and the most coarsened precipitates. The nuclear thermomechanical processes, R3 and R9H60, resulted in increased level residual stress related to the T6 and showed a tensile nature in relation to its parent material (6061-O). Moreover, the RSND technique allows observing that the texture is also higher for the samples processed by the nuclear thermomechanical process due the hot rolling stage.

    Palavras-Chave: microstructure; residual stresses; aluminium alloys; neutron diffraction; thermomechanical treatments; magnesium alloys; silicon alloys; friction welding

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  • IPEN-DOC 27552

    CABRERA-PASCA, G.A.; MAGNO, J.F.; FERREIRA, W.L. ; CAMPOS, A.C. ; BOSCH-SANTOS, B. ; SALES, T.S.N. ; PEREIRA, L.F.D. ; BURIMOVA, A. ; SAXENA, R.N. ; FREITAS, R.S.; CARBONARI, A.W. . Local inspection of magnetic properties in GdMnIn by measuring hyperfine interactions. AIP Advances, v. 11, n. 1, p. 015322-1 - 015322-6, 2021. DOI: 10.1063/9.0000037

    Abstract: GdMnIn is reported to crystallize in the hexagonal MgNi2-type structure presenting a spin-glass behavior with no magnetic order attributed to the triangular spin frustration of magnetic ions. In the present work, FC-ZFC magnetization, specific heat and AC susceptibility measurements along with the local magnetic exchange measured by hyperfine interactions at In sites are used to investigate the magnetic behavior in GdMnIn compound. The ZFC-FC magnetization curves exhibit an inflection which was ascribed to the antiferromagnetic transition at TN= 145 K. These curves also give an indication of thermomagnetic irreversibility at 118 K, which along with the absence of inflection in specific heat results might be associated to spin-glass behavior. Results of AC susceptibility and magnetic hyperfine field measured using 111In(111Cd) probe nuclei carried out by perturbed angular correlations (PAC) technique did not show evidence of spin-glass behavior. The thermomagnetic irreversibility in FC-ZFC curves along with results of hyerfine interactions suggest the presence of magneto-crystalline anisotropy effects and a weak long-range coupling in GdMnIn.

    Palavras-Chave: magnetic properties; hyperfine structure; angular correlation; perturbed angular correlation; spin glass state; magnetization; gadolinium; manganese; indium

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  • IPEN-DOC 27551

    GATTI, LUCIANA V. ; DOMINGUES, LUCAS ; ARAGAO, LUIZ; MILLER, JOHN; BASSO, LUANA; MARANI, LUCIANO; TEJADA, GRACIELA; CASSOL, HENRIQUE; CORREIA, CAIO ; IPIA, ALBER; ANDERSON, LIANA; RANDOW, CELSO V.; GLOOR, MANUEL; PETERS, WOUTER; LOPES, RAIANE; SANTOS, RICARDO ; CRISPIM, STEPHANE. Variação Interanual do Balanço de Gases de Efeito Estufa na Bacia Amazônica e seus controles em um mundo sob aquecimento e mudanças climáticas. In: REUNIÃO ANUAL DO PROGRAMA FAPESP DE PESQUISA SOBRE MUDANÇAS CLIMÁTICAS GLOBAIS, 20-21 de fevereiro, 2019, São Paulo, SP. Poster... 2019.

    Abstract: Ao longo dos últimos 40-­‐50 anos a Amazônia vem sofrendo muitas alterações devido ao desmatamento, queima da biomassa, mudança do uso da terra, expansão urbana, malha viária, construção de hidrelétricas, exploração de mineração, petróleo e gás, etc. Esta alteração na Floresta Amazônica vem promovendo o aumento da temperatura nesta região acima do esperado e intensificação da estação seca. Estas alterações, além das alterações climáticas vem causando impacto no Balanço de Carbono da Bacia Amazônica.

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  • IPEN-DOC 27550

    ALMEIDA, JORGE V. de; SILVA, EDUARDO C. da; MOSSO, MARBEY M.; SARTORI, CARLOS A.F. . Virtual magnetic TL-based channel modeling of SWIPT systems assisted by MTMs. In: MATOS, LENI J. de (Ed.) SIMPÓSIO BRASILEIRO DE MICRO-ONDAS E OPTOELETRÔNICA, 19.; CONGRESSO BRASILEIRO DE ELETROMAGNETISMO, 14., 8-12 de novembro, 2020, Online. Anais... São Caetano do Sul, SP: SBMO, 2020. p. 674-678.

    Abstract: This paper describes a general methodology for the description of inductive power and data transfer based on virtual magnetic transmission-lines (VMGTLs). This approach presents a better physical insight on the channel behavior since the model correctly preserves the energy flow between the transmitting and receiving coils. Particularly, the virtual-TL analogy clarifies the mechanism of transmission gain improvement between any two coils assisted by MTM lenses. Based on the results of this work, these lenses do not enhance the magnetic coupling between the drivers, as usually claimed, but create conditions to propagating near-field modes to increase their power transfer. This approach also reveals that MTMs could be employed not only for the increasing of power transfer but also for enlarging the inductive channel bandwidth.

    Palavras-Chave: metamaterials; power transmission lines; magnetic fields; computer networks; data transmission systems

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  • IPEN-DOC 27549

    SANTOS, DANIEL de P. dos; SARTORI, CARLOS A.F. . Análise comparativa de métodos ativos de redução de sobretensão em motores por superposição de pulsos. In: MATOS, LENI J. de (Ed.) SIMPÓSIO BRASILEIRO DE MICRO-ONDAS E OPTOELETRÔNICA, 19.; CONGRESSO BRASILEIRO DE ELETROMAGNETISMO, 14., 8-12 de novembro, 2020, Online. Anais... São Caetano do Sul, SP: SBMO, 2020. p. 791-795.

    Abstract: Sobretensão em motores elétricos acionados por conversores estáticos de frequência representam grande risco à integridade do equipamento e se intensificam à medida que tais conversores aperfeiçoam sua velocidade de chaveamento. Os métodos ativos de redução de sobretensão por superposição de pulsos se utilizam dos próprios conversores de frequência para suprimir ou minimizar os pulsos refletidos através do cabo de acionamento do motor, que geram a sobretensão. Esse artigo explora alguns desses métodos em termos de eficácia, flexibilidade e robustez e faz uma análise comparativa destes. Também são realizadas comparações entre sistemas de acionamento dotados de IGBTs de silício e de MOSFETs de carbeto de silício.

    Palavras-Chave: frequency converters; pulse generators; electric motors; transistors; silicon; field effect transistors

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  • IPEN-DOC 27548

    YAMAGATA, CHIEKO ; MORAIS, VINICIUS R. ; MELLO-CASTANHO, SONIA R.H. . New sol-gel method for synthesis of Dy-doped yttrium disilicate phosphor not from TEOS but sodium silicate solution. In: PACIFIC RIM CONFERENCE OF CERAMIC SOCIETIES, 13th, October 27 - November 1, 2019, Okinawa, Japan. Abstract... 2019.

    Abstract: Yttrium disilicate/pyrosilicate (Y2Si2O7), which occurs naturally as yttrialite, is a mixture of rare earth silicates that displays interesting structural properties because of its high refractoriness (mp = 1775 °C) and stability in oxidizing environments. Yttrium disilicate offers a wide band gap and excellent thermal and chemical stability compared to other well-studied phosphors such as ZnS and CdS. It has been shown to be one of the most efficient host lattices for rare earth ions, which substitute Y3+ ions [1, 2]. Yttrium silicates doped with different metallic ions exhibit attractive luminescent properties for potential applications, such as plasma displays, laser materials and high-energy phosphors [3]. The synthesis methods frequently used to obtain Y2Si2O7 are the conventional solid-state reaction, sol-gel and hydrothermal process. The sol–gel process is based on the polycondensation of hydrolyzed alkoxides or colloidal dispersions, therefore non-substituted and substituted silicon alkoxides are used as source of Si, typically Si(OC2H5)4 (TEOS) or CH3–Si(OC2H5)3 (MTEOS). In the present work, a new method to synthesize Dy-doped yttrium disilicate (Dy0,05Y1,95Si2O7) phosphors is proposed using a combination of sol-gel and coprecipitation techniques. The gel of silica particles were obtained by surfactant-assisted sol-gel process [4], from sodium silicate solution, an unusual precursor of Si. Then yttrium and dysprosium were co-precipitated over these particles. Pure α-phase and β-phase of Y2Si2O7 were obtained after calcining the synthesized precursor at 1100°C and 1400°C respectively (Fig. 1). β-phase showed superior luminescence efficiency (Fig. 2).

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  • IPEN-DOC 27547

    YAMAGATA, CHIEKO ; LEME, DANIEL R. ; RODAS, ANDREA C.D.; HIGA, OLGA Z. ; MELLO-CASTANHO, SONIA R.H. . Use of sodium silicate waste solution as Si source to synthesize MgO-CaO-SiO2 system ceramic powder for biomedical application. In: PACIFIC RIM CONFERENCE OF CERAMIC SOCIETIES, 13th, October 27 - November 1, 2019, Okinawa, Japan. Abstract... 2019.

    Abstract: The superior biological and mechanical properties of the glass ceramic of MgO-CaO-SiO2 system [1], for fabricating bone scaffolds, have attracted considerable attention. Studies showed that glass-ceramic with the composition Wt% 7.68 MgO, 43.19 CaO and 49.13 SiO2 displays appropriate mechanical properties, good bioactivity and biocompatibility in vitro [2]. The aim of this research was to propose a novel method of synthesis of MgO-CaO-SiO2 system ceramic powder. Using a waste solution of sodium silicate derived from alkaline fusion process of zircon sand, as source of Si, MgO-CaO-SiO2 system ceramic powder was synthesized by sol-gel added to co-precipitate of Mg and Ca hydroxides. Present synthesized powder was compacted and sintered at 1300 °C for 2h to obtain CaO-MgO-SiO2 glass-ceramic that was characterized by SEM, XRD and FTIR. In vitro tests were performed by soaking the sintered samples in the simulate blood fluid (SBF, at pH 7.25 and 37 °C) to study its bioactivity. After 7 days soaking, FTIR spectra (Fig. 1) result showed the material is bioactive, confirmed by presence of infrared band at 1047 cm-1 attributed to PO43- and observation of hydroxyapatite coating on the surface of the sample (Fig. 2). Cytotocicity test according to ISO10993-5 and sample preparation according to ISO10993-12 revealed that the sample is considered non-cytotoxic and it can be eligible for further biological testes.

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  • IPEN-DOC 27546

    PEREIRA, THIAGO M. ; DIEM, MAX; BACHMANN, LUCIANO; BIRD, BENJAMIN; MILJKOVIC, MILOS; ZEZELL, DENISE M. . Evaluating biochemical differences in thyroglobulin from normal and goiter tissues by infrared spectral imaging. Analyst, v. 145, n. 24, p. 7907-7915, 2020. DOI: 10.1039/d0an00700e

    Abstract: Thyroglobulin is a glycoiodoprotein that is produced by thyroid follicular cells; it is stored in follicles in structures known as colloids. The main function of this protein is to stock the hormones triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) until the body requires them. This study aims to demonstrate that infrared spectral imaging with appropriate multivariate analysis can reveal biochemical changes in this glycoprotein. The results achieved herein point out biochemical differences in the colloid samples obtained from normal and goiter patients including glycosylation and changes in the secondary conformational structure. We have presented the first spectral histopathology-based method to detect biochemical differences in thyroid colloids, such as TG iodination, glycosylation, and changes in the secondary structure in normal and goiter patients. The observed changes in the colloids were mainly due to the alterations in amide I and amide II (secondary conformation of proteins) and there is a correlation with different glycosylation between normal and goiter tissues.

    Palavras-Chave: thyroglobulin; infrared spectra; glycoproteins; colloids; thyroid; data processing; hormones; cluster analysis

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  • IPEN-DOC 27545

    CHIAPPERO, LUCIO R.; BARTOLOMEI, SUELLEN S. ; ESTENOZ, DIANA A.; MOURA, ESPERIDIANA A.B. ; NICOLAU, VERONICA V.. Lignin‑based polyethylene films with enhanced thermal, opacity and biodegradability properties for agricultural mulch applications. Journal of Polymers and the Environment, v. 29, p. 450-459, 2021. DOI: 10.1007/s10924-020-01886-6

    Abstract: Lignins are promising alternative raw materials for biocomposites due to their renewability, low cost and abundance. In this work, the use of (softwood and hardwood) Kraft lignins in the development of LLDPE/lignin films for agricultural mulch applications is studied. Processable blends were obtained from unmodified softwood lignin (SW) and from hardwood lignin modified by esterification (HWE). LLDPE was pelletized with (2.5%, 5% and 10%) lignin with particle size between 38 and 75 μm and flexible films were blown extruded. Processable extrusion blends showed temperature differences lower than 20 °C between the Tg of lignin and the melting temperature of LLPDE. Films from neat LLPDE and with 2.5% of HWE and up to 5% SW exhibited statistically comparable (≅ 349%) values of ductility. Ester groups present in lignin improve weight loss of lignin-based blends after soil buried test.

    Palavras-Chave: polyethylenes; agriculture; films; lignin; composite materials; extrusion; biodegradation

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  • IPEN-DOC 27544

    SILVA, A.A.A. da; STEIL, M.C.; TABUTI, F.N. ; RABELO-NETO, R.C.; NORONHA, F.B.; MATTOS, L.V.; FONSECA, F.C. . The role of the ceria dopant on Ni / doped-ceria anodic layer cermets for direct ethanol solid oxide fuel cell. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, v. 46, n. 5, p. 4309-4328, 2021. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2020.10.155

    Abstract: The effect of ceria dopant aiming at stability in Ni/doped-ceria anodic layers for direct ethanol solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) was studied. Solid solutions of ceria doped with Y, Gd, Zr, or Nb (10 mol%) impregnated with NiO were tested in a fixed bed reactor for ethanol conversion reactions and for direct (dry) ethanol SOFC. The ceria dopant showed a marked effect on both the catalytic and the electrical transport properties of the ceramic support. Catalytic activity data revealed that the studied materials deactivate in ethanol decomposition reaction but are stable for ethanol steam reforming. Thus, feeding dry ethanol to the SOFC with a Ni/doped-ceria anodic catalytic layer evidenced that water produced from the electrochemical hydrogen oxidation provides steam for the internal reforming resulting in great stability of the fuel cells tested during ~100 h. The combined catalysis and SOFC results demonstrate Ni/doped-ceria is as candidate anode layer for stable SOFC running on bioethanol.

    Palavras-Chave: doped materials; cerium; solid oxide fuel cells; ethanol; cerium oxides; cermets

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  • IPEN-DOC 27543

    KIYAN, VANESSA H.; RODRIGUES, FLAVIA P.; SAMAD, RICARDO E. ; ZEZELL, DENISE M. ; BOTTINO, MARCO A.; LIMA, NELSON B. de ; SARACENI, CINTIA H.C.. Femtosecond Ti: Sa ultra short-pulse laser irradiation effects on the properties and morphology of the zirconia surface after ageing. Ceramics International, v. 47, n. 4, p. 4455-4465, 2021. DOI: 10.1016/j.ceramint.2020.10.006

    Abstract: Femtosecond pulses from a Ti:Sapphire laser were used to irradiate specimens of yttria-stabilised (35% mol) tetragonal zirconia (Y-TZP) with the purpose of studying the effects of the irradiations on their surface properties and morphology after ageing. Zirconia disks were divided into eight groups (n = 32) according to their surface treatment and subsequent ageing: Control: no treatment; sandblasting: Al2O3 sandblasting 50 μm; and ultrashort laser pulses irradiation with 25 μJ pulses, considering two different scanning steps based on the width between two grooves. These groups were duplicated and submitted to ageing. The surfaces were analysed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction. A finite element analysis, a biaxial flexure test, as well as fractographic and Weibull analyses, were performed. The strengths of the disks were statistically different for the treatment factor, and the principal stresses seemed to be concentrated at the centre of the specimens, as predicted by the computer simulations. Ageing decreased the strengths for all groups and increased the Weibull modulus for the laser group with the 40 μm-width between two grooves. The sandblasting group presented the highest monoclinic phase peak. Although the most significant strength was found within the sandblasting group, the phase transformation was favourable to the laser groups. The Weibull modulus was higher for the laser group with the 60 μm-width between two grooves, confirming the highest homogeneity of its failure distribution. Regardless of the surface treatment, strength was decreased with ageing in all groups. The femtosecond Ti:Sa ultra-short pulse laser irradiation can be suggested as an alternative to the gold standard sandblasting in longterm Y-TZP zirconia rehabilitations, such as crowns and veneers.

    Palavras-Chave: zirconium oxides; yttrium oxides; x-ray diffraction; ablation; laser radiation; pulses; surface treatments; flexural strength; titanium alloys; sapphire

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  • IPEN-DOC 27542

    OLIVEIRA, PRISCILA N.; COURROL, DANIELLA S.; CHURA-CHAMBI, ROSA M. ; MORGANTI, LIGIA ; SOUZA, GISELE O.; FRANZOLIN, MARCIA R.; WUNDER JUNIOR, ELSIO A.; HEINEMANN, MARCOS B.; BARBOSA, ANGELA S.. Inactivation of the antimicrobial peptide LL-37 by pathogenic Leptospira. Microbial Pathogenesis, v. 150, p. 1-7, 2021. DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104704

    Abstract: Leptospires are aerobic, Gram-negative spirochetes with a high invasive capacity. Pathogenic leptospires secrete proteases that inactivate a variety of host’s proteins including molecules of the extracellular matrix and of the human complement system. This strategy, used by several pathogens of medical importance, contributes to bacterial invasion and immune evasion. In the current work we present evidence that Leptospira proteases also target human cathelicidin (LL-37), an antimicrobial peptide that plays an important role in the innate immune response. By using six Leptospira strains, four pathogenic and two saprophytic, we demonstrated that proteases present in the supernatants of pathogenic strains were capable of degrading LL-37 in a time-dependent manner, whereas proteolytic degradation was not observed with the supernatants of the two saprophytic strains. Inactivation of LL-37 was prevented by using the 1,10-phenanthroline inhibitor, thus suggesting the involvement of metalloproteinases in this process. In addition, the antibacterial activity of LL-37 against two Leptospira strains was evaluated. Compared to the saprophytic strain, a greater resistance of the pathogenic strain to the action of the peptide was observed. Our data suggest that the capacity to inactivate the host defense peptide LL-37 may be part of the virulence arsenal of pathogenic Leptospira, and we hypothesize that its inactivation by the bacteria may influence the outcome of the disease.

    Palavras-Chave: bacteria; antimicrobial agents; inactivation; peptides; electrophoresis; proteolysis

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  • IPEN-DOC 27541

    PEREIRA, LENNON R.; ALVES, RUBENS P. dos S.; SALES, NATIELY S.; ANDREATA-SANTOS, ROBERT; VENCESLAU-CARVALHO, ALEXIA A.; PEREIRA, SAMUEL S.; CASTRO-AMARANTE, MARIA F.; RODRIGUES-JESUS, MONICA J.; FAVARO, MARIANNA T. de P.; CHURA-CHAMBI, ROSA M. ; MORGANTI, LIGIA ; FERREIRA, LUIS C. de S.. Enhanced immune responses and protective immunity to Zika virus induced by a DNA vaccine encoding a chimeric NS1 fused with type 1 Herpes virus gD protein. Frontiers in Medical Technology, v. 2, p. 1-14, 2020. DOI: 10.3389/fmedt.2020.604160

    Abstract: Zika virus (ZIKV) is a globally-distributed flavivirus transmitted to humans by Aedes mosquitoes, usually causing mild symptoms that may evolve to severe conditions, including neurological alterations, such as neonatal microcephaly and Guillain-Barré syndrome. Due to the absence of specific and effective preventive methods, we designed a new subunit vaccine based on a DNA vector (pgDNS1-ZIKV) encoding the non-structural protein 1 (NS1) genetically fused to the Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) glycoprotein D (gD) protein. Recombinant plasmids were replicated in Escherichia coli and the expression of the target protein was confirmed in transfected HEK293 cells. C57BL/6 and AB6 (IFNAR1–/–) mice were i.m. immunized by electroporation in order to evaluate pgDNS1-ZIKV immunogenicity. After two doses, high NS1-specific IgG antibody titers were measured in serum samples collected from pgDNS1-ZIKV-immunized mice. The NS1-specific antibodies were capable to bind the native protein expressed in infected mammalian cells. Immunization with pgDNS1-ZIKV increased both humoral and cellular immune responses regarding mice immunized with a ZIKV NS1 encoding vaccine. Immunization with pgDNS1-ZIKV reduced viremia and morbidity scores leading to enhanced survival of immunodeficient AB6 mice challenged with a lethal virus load. These results give support to the use of ZIKV NS1 as a target antigen and further demonstrate the relevant adjuvant effects of HSV-1 gD.

    Palavras-Chave: viruses; zika virus; vaccines; immunity; dna; proteins; influenza; influenza viruses; glycoproteins; herpes simplex; arthropods; enzyme immunoassay; mice

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  • IPEN-DOC 27540

    MEIRELES, LUCIANA R.; SILVA, ANGELICA M.F. da; CARVALHO, CAMILA A.; KESPER, NORIVAL; GALISTEO JUNIOR, ANDRES J.; SOARES, CAMILA P.; ARAUJO, DANIELLE B.; DURIGON, EDISON L.; OLIVEIRA, DANIELLE B.L.; MORGANTI, LIGIA ; CHURA-CHAMBI, ROSA M. ; ANDRADE JUNIOR, HEITOR F. de. Natural versus recombinant viral antigens in SARS-CoV-2 serology: challenges in optimizing laboratory diagnosis of COVID-19. Clinics, v. 75, p. 1-7, 2020. DOI: 10.6061/clinics/2020/e2290

    Abstract: OBJECTIVES: COVID-19 is a public health emergency of international concern whose detection in recovered asymptomatic patients is dependent on accurate diagnosis as it enables the estimation of the susceptibility of the population to the infection. This demand has resulted in the development of several commercial assays employing recombinant proteins, but the results of these assays are not reliable as they do not involve comparison with natural viral antigens. We independently used the SARS-CoV-2 whole viral antigen (WVA) and recombinant nucleocapsid protein (rNP) to develop in-house ELISAs for IgG detection; the results of these ELISAs were then compared to obtain reliable results. METHODS: WVA and rNP ELISAs were performed on COVID-19 negative sera from patients before the pandemic in Brazil, and on RT-qPCR-positive or SARS-CoV-2-IgG against rNP and IgG against WVA–positive samples from recently infected patients in Sao Paulo, Brazil. RESULTS: Both ELISAs detected a large fraction of infected patients but exhibited certain drawbacks. Higher signals and lower numbers of false-negatives were observed in rNP ELISA; however, a higher fraction of falsepositives was observed in control groups. A high number of false-negatives was observed with WVA ELISA. Correlating the results of rNP and WVA ELISAs resulted in improved performance for COVID-19 diagnosis. CONCLUSION: The choice of antigen is an important aspect in optimizing the laboratory diagnosis of COVID-19. The use of rNP ELISA for the detection of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies seems promising, but comparison of the results with those of WVA ELISA is crucial for accurate test development prior to commercialization. IgG serology using several assays, and with the spectral patterns of SARS-CoV-2, resulted in confusing information that must be clarified before the establishment of diagnostic serology criteria.

    Palavras-Chave: viruses; coronaviruses; blood serum; enzyme immunoassay; diagnostic techniques; proteins; epidemiology; antigens; diagnosis

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  • IPEN-DOC 27539

    LIMA, ELIANA R. ; CECCHI, CLAUDIA R. ; HIGUTI, ELIZA ; JESUS, GUSTAVO P.P. de ; GOMES, ALISSANDRA M. ; ZACARIAS, ENIO A. ; BARTOLINI, PAOLO ; PERONI, CIBELE N. . Optimization of mouse growth hormone plasmid DNA electrotransfer into tibialis cranialis muscle of "little" mice. Molecules, v. 25, n. 21, p. 1-9, 2020. DOI: 10.3390/molecules25215034

    Abstract: Previous non-viral gene therapy was directed towards two animal models of dwarfism: Immunodeficient (lit/scid) and immunocompetent (lit/lit) dwarf mice. The former, based on hGH DNA administration into muscle, performed better, while the latter, a homologous model based on mGH DNA, was less efficient, though recommended as useful for pre-clinical assays. We have now improved the growth parameters aiming at a complete recovery of the lit/lit phenotype. Electrotransfer was based on three pulses of 375 V/cm of 25 ms each, after mGH-DNA administration into two sites of each non-exposed tibialis cranialis muscle. A 36-day bioassay, performed using 60-day old lit/lit mice, provided the highest GH circulatory levels we have ever obtained for GH non-viral gene therapy: 14.7 ± 3.7 ng mGH/mL. These levels, at the end of the experiment, were 8.5 ± 2.3 ng/mL, i.e., significantly higher than those of the positive control (4.5 ± 1.5 ng/mL). The catch-up growth reached 40.9% for body weight, 38.2% for body length and 82.6%–76.9% for femur length. The catch-up in terms of the mIGF-1 levels remained low, increasing from the previous value of 5.9% to the actual 8.5%. Although a complete phenotypic recovery was not obtained, it should be possible starting with much younger animals and/or increasing the number of injection sites.

    Palavras-Chave: gene therapy; hormones; dna; muscles; mice; plasmids; bioassay

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  • IPEN-DOC 27538

    GUANABARA JUNIOR, PAULO; NOGUEIRA, ALESSANDRO F.; SAMAD, RICARDO E. ; ROSSI, WAGNER de . Study of ablation on surfaces of zircaloy Z-4 irradiated with femtosecond laser. In: INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING, 25th, October 20-25, 2019, Uberlândia, MG. Proceedings... Rio de Janeiro, RJ: Associação Brasileira de Engenharia e Ciências Mecânicas, 2019.

    Abstract: The use of ultrashort femtosecond laser pulses is an alternative for micro machining on metal surfaces, with several industrial applications, in such areas as aeronautics, aerospace, naval, nuclear, among others, where there is growing concern about service reliability. Thus, markings for traceability purposes should ensure the integrity of the metal as well as allow reading of the marked characters, whether automated or not. In this work, micro machining of zircaloy Z 4 surfaces using femtosecond laser was performed aiming at the knowledge of the ablation threshold and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis in different images. Obtained from micro machined traces, energy fluence parameters and laser pulse overlap. The amount of ablated material in this femtosecond laser micro machining is negligible, which contributes to ensuring that there is no mi crostructural damage. Such a process resulted in different images, which characterize that there are different optical properties because of the parameters change.

    Palavras-Chave: machining; ablation; zircaloy 4; lasers

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  • IPEN-DOC 25553

    PIERETTI, EURICO F. ; ANTUNES, RENATO A.; NEVES, MAURICIO D.M. das . Tribological evaluation of an optical fiber laser marked stainless steel for biomedical applications. In: CONGRESSO BRASILEIRO DE ENGENHARIA BIOMEDICA, 26., 21-25 de outubro, 2018, Búzios, RJ. Anais... 2018. p. 1-6.

    Abstract: The effect of laser marking process on the tribological behaviour of ISO 5832-1 austenitic stainless steel (SS) on the friction coefficient and wear volume using ball-cratering wear tests was evaluated in this work. The laser marking process was carried out with a nanosecond optical fiber ytterbium laser at four different pulse frequencies. For comparison reasons, surfaces without laser treatments were also evaluated. A phosphate buffer solution (PBS) was used as lubricant. The wear tests were carried out during 10 min with PBS drip, solid spheres of AISI 316L SS with 1 inch in diameter and of 52-100 chrome steel, with 2 mm in diameter, were used as counter-bodies. The results indicated that the tribological behaviour is influenced by the laser marking process parameters used, and the wear rate is dependent of the normal force and the type of sphere.

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  • IPEN-DOC 27537

    OSTERMANN, CAROLINE ; ZANNONI, NORA; CARVALHO, ELIAS F. de ; WILLIAMS, JONATHAN; VEGA, OSCAR . Exploratory study on chiral BVOC fluxes from tropical forests by REA method. In: ATTO WORKSHOP, 3rd, September 16-20, 2019, Manaus, AM. Poster... 2019.

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  • IPEN-DOC 27536

    GONÇALVES, MARIA C.C.; MERGULHAO, MARCELLO V. ; STOETERAU, RODRIGO L.; BATALHA, GILMAR F.; NEVES, MAURICIO D.M. . Análise de amostras da liga de titânio Ti6Al4V impressas por FSL para ensaios de microfresamento / Selective Laser Melting printed Ti6Al4V titanium alloy samples analysis for micro milling tests. In: INTERNATIONAL FORGING CONFERENCE, 23rd; NATIONAL SHEET METAL FORMING CONFERENCE, 22nd; INTERNATIONAL SHEET METAL FORMING CONFERENCE, 9th; BRDDRG CONGRESS, 6th; INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MATERIALS AND PROCESSES FOR RENEWABLE ENERGIES, 9th; INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SURFACE ENGINEERING IN MATERIAL FORMING, 2nd, October 2-4, 2019, Porto Alegre, RS. Proceedings... 2019.

    Abstract: A fabricação de peças metálicas via impressão 3D tem ganhado destaque pela sua eficácia na manufatura de geometrias complexas e com pouco consumo de material. Uma das estratégias de sinterização utilizadas para impressão 3D é a Fusão Seletiva a Laser (FSL), que consiste na completa fusão dos pós metálicos por meio de um feixe laser. As peças obtidas por esse processo apresentam uma superfície com ondulações periódicas e anisotropias relacionadas à direção da sinterização. No entanto, o efeito dessa ondulação e da anisotropia das peças nas suas propriedades mecânicas e na sua usinabilidade é pouco conhecido. Visto isso, este trabalho visa examinar amostras da liga de titânio Ti6Al4V impressas por FSL, mediante análises de dureza, rugosidade e por microscópio óptico para ensaios de microfresamento.

    Palavras-Chave: titanium alloys; hybrid systems; manufacturing; 3d printing

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  • IPEN-DOC 27535

    BARBOSA, WANESSA ; COSTA, ISOLDA . Caracterização e comportamento de corrosão da liga 2098-T351 Al-Cu-Li após diferentes pré-tratamentos de anodização. In: PROGRAMA INSTITUCIONAL DE BOLSAS DE INICIAÇÃO CIENTÍFICA; SEMINÁRIO ANUAL PIBIC, 26.; SEMINÁRIO ANUAL PROBIC, 17.; SEMINÁRIO ANUAL PIBITI, 10., 16-17 de dezembro, 2020, Online. Resumo expandido... São Paulo, SP: IPEN-CNEN/SP, 2020. p. 95-96.

    Palavras-Chave: corrosion; aluminium alloys; pitting corrosion; anodization

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  • IPEN-DOC 27534

    MIURA, VINICIUS T. ; ZAMBONI, CIBELE B. . Avaliação de enxofre em sangue total utilizando a técnica de Fluorescência de Raios X por Dispersão de Energia. In: PROGRAMA INSTITUCIONAL DE BOLSAS DE INICIAÇÃO CIENTÍFICA; SEMINÁRIO ANUAL PIBIC, 26.; SEMINÁRIO ANUAL PROBIC, 17.; SEMINÁRIO ANUAL PIBITI, 10., 16-17 de dezembro, 2020, Online. Resumo expandido... São Paulo, SP: IPEN-CNEN/SP, 2020. p. 93-94.

    Palavras-Chave: sulfur; concentration ratio; blood; x-ray fluorescence analysis

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  • IPEN-DOC 27533

    RABELO, THAIS F. ; ZEZELL, DENISE MARIA . Análise in vitro dos efeitos da radiação ionizante sobre o esmalte dental, cimento resinoso e facetas laminadas de porcelana. In: PROGRAMA INSTITUCIONAL DE BOLSAS DE INICIAÇÃO CIENTÍFICA; SEMINÁRIO ANUAL PIBIC, 26.; SEMINÁRIO ANUAL PROBIC, 17.; SEMINÁRIO ANUAL PIBITI, 10., 16-17 de dezembro, 2020, Online. Resumo expandido... São Paulo, SP: IPEN-CNEN/SP, 2020. p. 91-92.

    Palavras-Chave: dentistry; teeth; enamels; porcelain; gamma radiation; in vitro; radiotherapy

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  • IPEN-DOC 27532

    WATANABE, TAMIRES ; MARUMO, JULIO T. ; ARAUJO, LEANDRO G. de . Biossorção de urânio por meio de hidroxiapatita e farinha de osso. In: PROGRAMA INSTITUCIONAL DE BOLSAS DE INICIAÇÃO CIENTÍFICA; SEMINÁRIO ANUAL PIBIC, 26.; SEMINÁRIO ANUAL PROBIC, 17.; SEMINÁRIO ANUAL PIBITI, 10., 16-17 de dezembro, 2020, Online. Resumo expandido... São Paulo, SP: IPEN-CNEN/SP, 2020. p. 89-90.

    Palavras-Chave: uranium; absorption; skeleton; apatites; adsorption

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  • IPEN-DOC 27531

    POMIN, STEPHANIE A. ; SUZUKI, MIRIAM F. . Comparação de diferentes meios de cultura para bactérias Escherichia coli para aumento de expressão do antagonista de prolactina humana delta 1-9 G129R-hPRL recombinante. In: PROGRAMA INSTITUCIONAL DE BOLSAS DE INICIAÇÃO CIENTÍFICA; SEMINÁRIO ANUAL PIBIC, 26.; SEMINÁRIO ANUAL PROBIC, 17.; SEMINÁRIO ANUAL PIBITI, 10., 16-17 de dezembro, 2020, Online. Resumo expandido... São Paulo, SP: IPEN-CNEN/SP, 2020. p. 87-88.

    Palavras-Chave: lth; escherichia coli; proteins; comparative evaluations

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  • IPEN-DOC 27530

    MEDRANO, RAFAEL M. dos S. ; WETTER, NIKLAUS U. . Tecnologia de lasers randômicos em cristais em pó polidisperso e soluções coloidais. In: PROGRAMA INSTITUCIONAL DE BOLSAS DE INICIAÇÃO CIENTÍFICA; SEMINÁRIO ANUAL PIBIC, 26.; SEMINÁRIO ANUAL PROBIC, 17.; SEMINÁRIO ANUAL PIBITI, 10., 16-17 de dezembro, 2020, Online. Resumo expandido... São Paulo, SP: IPEN-CNEN/SP, 2020. p. 85-86.

    Palavras-Chave: crystals; powders; lasers; randomness

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  • IPEN-DOC 27529

    DI LELA, MATHEUS M. ; DIAS, LIGIA E.M.F. ; CHAMBI, ROSA M.C. . Obtenção de metaloproteases recombinantes funcionais de Leptospira a partir de corpos de inclusão (CI) aplicando a tecnologia de alta pressão (TAP). In: PROGRAMA INSTITUCIONAL DE BOLSAS DE INICIAÇÃO CIENTÍFICA; SEMINÁRIO ANUAL PIBIC, 26.; SEMINÁRIO ANUAL PROBIC, 17.; SEMINÁRIO ANUAL PIBITI, 10., 16-17 de dezembro, 2020, Online. Resumo expandido... São Paulo, SP: IPEN-CNEN/SP, 2020. p. 83-84.

    Palavras-Chave: bacteria; protein denaturation; pressure range mega pa 10-100; hydrolysis

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  • IPEN-DOC 27528

    VIEIRA, MARILIA G. ; ORTIZ, NILCE . Fotodecomposição solar da oxitetraciclina empregando TiO2 microestruturado com biocarvão. In: PROGRAMA INSTITUCIONAL DE BOLSAS DE INICIAÇÃO CIENTÍFICA; SEMINÁRIO ANUAL PIBIC, 26.; SEMINÁRIO ANUAL PROBIC, 17.; SEMINÁRIO ANUAL PIBITI, 10., 16-17 de dezembro, 2020, Online. Resumo expandido... São Paulo, SP: IPEN-CNEN/SP, 2020. p. 81-82.

    Palavras-Chave: water pollution; liquid wastes; solar radiation; solar photochemistry; drugs; oxytetracycline; titanium oxides

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  • IPEN-DOC 27527

    DE LUCCA, LUIZA V.G. ; ROSTELATO, MARIA E.C.M. . Metodologia de calibração e seleção de dosímetros TLD - 100. In: PROGRAMA INSTITUCIONAL DE BOLSAS DE INICIAÇÃO CIENTÍFICA; SEMINÁRIO ANUAL PIBIC, 26.; SEMINÁRIO ANUAL PROBIC, 17.; SEMINÁRIO ANUAL PIBITI, 10., 16-17 de dezembro, 2020, Online. Resumo expandido... São Paulo, SP: IPEN-CNEN/SP, 2020. p. 79-80.

    Palavras-Chave: radiotherapy; dosimetry; radiation metrology; calibration

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  • IPEN-DOC 27526

    NASCIMENTO, LUCIA A. ; ORTIZ, NILCE . Desenvolvimento da fotodecomposição solar/TiO2 para remoção de amoxicilina e ácido penicilóico amoxicilínico de águas contaminadas. In: PROGRAMA INSTITUCIONAL DE BOLSAS DE INICIAÇÃO CIENTÍFICA; SEMINÁRIO ANUAL PIBIC, 26.; SEMINÁRIO ANUAL PROBIC, 17.; SEMINÁRIO ANUAL PIBITI, 10., 16-17 de dezembro, 2020, Online. Resumo expandido... São Paulo, SP: IPEN-CNEN/SP, 2020. p. 77-78.

    Palavras-Chave: drugs; antibiotics; liquid wastes; solar radiation; decomposition; solar photochemistry

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  • IPEN-DOC 27525

    RIBEIRO, LUCAS A. de S. ; FREITAS, ANDERSON Z. de . Verificação da pressão de punho através da técnica de OCT. In: PROGRAMA INSTITUCIONAL DE BOLSAS DE INICIAÇÃO CIENTÍFICA; SEMINÁRIO ANUAL PIBIC, 26.; SEMINÁRIO ANUAL PROBIC, 17.; SEMINÁRIO ANUAL PIBITI, 10., 16-17 de dezembro, 2020, Online. Resumo expandido... São Paulo, SP: IPEN-CNEN/SP, 2020. p. 75-76.

    Palavras-Chave: crime detection; tomography; sampling; human populations; hands

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  • IPEN-DOC 27524

    ALMEIDA, LARISSA A. ; SOARES, CARLOS R.J. . Avaliação do cultivo de células CHO adaptadas a suspensão em diferentes formulações de meios de cultura comerciais livres de soro. In: PROGRAMA INSTITUCIONAL DE BOLSAS DE INICIAÇÃO CIENTÍFICA; SEMINÁRIO ANUAL PIBIC, 26.; SEMINÁRIO ANUAL PROBIC, 17.; SEMINÁRIO ANUAL PIBITI, 10., 16-17 de dezembro, 2020, Online. Resumo expandido... São Paulo, SP: IPEN-CNEN/SP, 2020. p. 73-74.

    Palavras-Chave: cho cells; cell cultures; biotechnology; animal cells; drugs

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  • IPEN-DOC 27523

    SILVA, ESTHER M.F. da ; ROGERO, SIZUE O. ; ROGERO, JOSE R. . Determinação da ecotoxicidade crônica de nanopartículas de ouro utilizando ceriodaphnia dubia. In: PROGRAMA INSTITUCIONAL DE BOLSAS DE INICIAÇÃO CIENTÍFICA; SEMINÁRIO ANUAL PIBIC, 26.; SEMINÁRIO ANUAL PROBIC, 17.; SEMINÁRIO ANUAL PIBITI, 10., 16-17 de dezembro, 2020, Online. Resumo expandido... São Paulo, SP: IPEN-CNEN/SP, 2020. p. 69-72.

    Palavras-Chave: nanotechnology; nanoparticles; daphnia; toxicity; water pollution; gold

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  • IPEN-DOC 27522

    SOUSA, EMERSON L. ; SABUNDJIAN, GAIANE . Desenvolvimento do pós-processador matemático para o software Free-IAT. In: PROGRAMA INSTITUCIONAL DE BOLSAS DE INICIAÇÃO CIENTÍFICA; SEMINÁRIO ANUAL PIBIC, 26.; SEMINÁRIO ANUAL PROBIC, 17.; SEMINÁRIO ANUAL PIBITI, 10., 16-17 de dezembro, 2020, Online. Resumo expandido... São Paulo, SP: IPEN-CNEN/SP, 2020. p. 67-68.

    Palavras-Chave: computer codes; programming languages; automation; data analysis; neurology

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  • IPEN-DOC 27521

    GUSHIKEN JUNIOR, DINO S. ; BERNARDES, EMERSON S. . Validação do uso de um aptâmero de DNA específico para HER2 como radiofármaco para imagem de tumores. In: PROGRAMA INSTITUCIONAL DE BOLSAS DE INICIAÇÃO CIENTÍFICA; SEMINÁRIO ANUAL PIBIC, 26.; SEMINÁRIO ANUAL PROBIC, 17.; SEMINÁRIO ANUAL PIBITI, 10., 16-17 de dezembro, 2020, Online. Resumo expandido... São Paulo, SP: IPEN-CNEN/SP, 2020. p. 65-66.

    Palavras-Chave: mammary glands; metastases; labelling; tumor cells; technetium 99

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A pesquisa no RD utiliza os recursos de busca da maioria das bases de dados. No entanto algumas dicas podem auxiliar para obter um resultado mais pertinente.

✔ É possível efetuar a busca de um autor ou um termo em todo o RD, por meio do Buscar no Repositório , isto é, o termo solicitado será localizado em qualquer campo do RD. No entanto esse tipo de pesquisa não é recomendada a não ser que se deseje um resultado amplo e generalizado.

✔ A pesquisa apresentará melhor resultado selecionando um dos filtros disponíveis em Navegar

✔ Os filtros disponíveis em Navegar tais como: Coleções, Ano de publicação, Títulos, Assuntos, Autores, Revista, Tipo de publicação são autoexplicativos. O filtro, Autores IPEN apresenta uma relação com os autores vinculados ao IPEN; o ID Autor IPEN diz respeito ao número único de identificação de cada autor constante no RD e sob o qual estão agrupados todos os seus trabalhos independente das variáveis do seu nome; Tipo de acesso diz respeito à acessibilidade do documento, isto é , sujeito as leis de direitos autorais, ID RT apresenta a relação dos relatórios técnicos, restritos para consulta das comunidades indicadas.

A opção Busca avançada utiliza os conectores da lógica boleana, é o melhor recurso para combinar chaves de busca e obter documentos relevantes à sua pesquisa, utilize os filtros apresentados na caixa de seleção para refinar o resultado de busca. Pode-se adicionar vários filtros a uma mesma busca.

Exemplo:

Buscar os artigos apresentados em um evento internacional de 2015, sobre loss of coolant, do autor Maprelian.

Autor: Maprelian

Título: loss of coolant

Tipo de publicação: Texto completo de evento

Ano de publicação: 2015

✔ Para indexação dos documentos é utilizado o Thesaurus do INIS, especializado na área nuclear e utilizado em todos os países membros da International Atomic Energy Agency – IAEA , por esse motivo, utilize os termos de busca de assunto em inglês; isto não exclui a busca livre por palavras, apenas o resultado pode não ser tão relevante ou pertinente.

✔ 95% do RD apresenta o texto completo do documento com livre acesso, para aqueles que apresentam o significa que e o documento está sujeito as leis de direitos autorais, solicita-se nesses casos contatar a Biblioteca do IPEN, bibl@ipen.br .

✔ Ao efetuar a busca por um autor o RD apresentará uma relação de todos os trabalhos depositados no RD. No lado direito da tela são apresentados os coautores com o número de trabalhos produzidos em conjunto bem como os assuntos abordados e os respectivos anos de publicação agrupados.

✔ O RD disponibiliza um quadro estatístico de produtividade, onde é possível visualizar o número dos trabalhos agrupados por tipo de coleção, a medida que estão sendo depositados no RD.

✔ Na página inicial nas referências são sinalizados todos os autores IPEN, ao clicar nesse símbolo será aberta uma nova página correspondente à aquele autor – trata-se da página do pesquisador.

✔ Na página do pesquisador, é possível verificar, as variações do nome, a relação de todos os trabalhos com texto completo bem como um quadro resumo numérico; há links para o Currículo Lattes e o Google Acadêmico ( quando esse for informado).

ATENÇÃO!

ESTE TEXTO "AJUDA" ESTÁ SUJEITO A ATUALIZAÇÕES CONSTANTES, A MEDIDA QUE NOVAS FUNCIONALIDADES E RECURSOS DE BUSCA FOREM SENDO DESENVOLVIDOS PELAS EQUIPES DA BIBLIOTECA E DA INFORMÁTICA.

O gerenciamento do Repositório está a cargo da Biblioteca do IPEN. Constam neste RI, até o presente momento 20.950 itens que tanto podem ser artigos de periódicos ou de eventos nacionais e internacionais, dissertações e teses, livros, capítulo de livros e relatórios técnicos. Para participar do RI-IPEN é necessário que pelo menos um dos autores tenha vínculo acadêmico ou funcional com o Instituto. Nesta primeira etapa de funcionamento do RI, a coleta das publicações é realizada periodicamente pela equipe da Biblioteca do IPEN, extraindo os dados das bases internacionais tais como a Web of Science, Scopus, INIS, SciElo além de verificar o Currículo Lattes. O RI-IPEN apresenta também um aspecto inovador no seu funcionamento. Por meio de metadados específicos ele está vinculado ao sistema de gerenciamento das atividades do Plano Diretor anual do IPEN (SIGEPI). Com o objetivo de fornecer dados numéricos para a elaboração dos indicadores da Produção Cientifica Institucional, disponibiliza uma tabela estatística registrando em tempo real a inserção de novos itens. Foi criado um metadado que contém um número único para cada integrante da comunidade científica do IPEN. Esse metadado se transformou em um filtro que ao ser acionado apresenta todos os trabalhos de um determinado autor independente das variáveis na forma de citação do seu nome.

A elaboração do projeto do RI do IPEN foi iniciado em novembro de 2013, colocado em operação interna em julho de 2014 e disponibilizado na Internet em junho de 2015. Utiliza o software livre Dspace, desenvolvido pelo Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Para descrição dos metadados adota o padrão Dublin Core. É compatível com o Protocolo de Arquivos Abertos (OAI) permitindo interoperabilidade com repositórios de âmbito nacional e internacional.

1. Portaria IPEN-CNEN/SP nº 387, que estabeleceu os princípios que nortearam a criação do RDI, clique aqui.


2. A experiência do Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares (IPEN-CNEN/SP) na criação de um Repositório Digital Institucional – RDI, clique aqui.

O Repositório Digital do IPEN é um equipamento institucional de acesso aberto, criado com o objetivo de reunir, preservar, disponibilizar e conferir maior visibilidade à Produção Científica publicada pelo Instituto, desde sua criação em 1956.

Operando, inicialmente como uma base de dados referencial o Repositório foi disponibilizado na atual plataforma, em junho de 2015. No Repositório está disponível o acesso ao conteúdo digital de artigos de periódicos, eventos, nacionais e internacionais, livros, capítulos, dissertações, teses e relatórios técnicos.

A elaboração do projeto do RI do IPEN foi iniciado em novembro de 2013, colocado em operação interna em julho de 2014 e disponibilizado na Internet em junho de 2015. Utiliza o software livre Dspace, desenvolvido pelo Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Para descrição dos metadados adota o padrão Dublin Core. É compatível com o Protocolo de Arquivos Abertos (OAI) permitindo interoperabilidade com repositórios de âmbito nacional e internacional.

O gerenciamento do Repositório está a cargo da Biblioteca do IPEN. Constam neste RI, até o presente momento 20.950 itens que tanto podem ser artigos de periódicos ou de eventos nacionais e internacionais, dissertações e teses, livros, capítulo de livros e relatórios técnicos. Para participar do RI-IPEN é necessário que pelo menos um dos autores tenha vínculo acadêmico ou funcional com o Instituto. Nesta primeira etapa de funcionamento do RI, a coleta das publicações é realizada periodicamente pela equipe da Biblioteca do IPEN, extraindo os dados das bases internacionais tais como a Web of Science, Scopus, INIS, SciElo além de verificar o Currículo Lattes. O RI-IPEN apresenta também um aspecto inovador no seu funcionamento. Por meio de metadados específicos ele está vinculado ao sistema de gerenciamento das atividades do Plano Diretor anual do IPEN (SIGEPI). Com o objetivo de fornecer dados numéricos para a elaboração dos indicadores da Produção Cientifica Institucional, disponibiliza uma tabela estatística registrando em tempo real a inserção de novos itens. Foi criado um metadado que contém um número único para cada integrante da comunidade científica do IPEN. Esse metadado se transformou em um filtro que ao ser acionado apresenta todos os trabalhos de um determinado autor independente das variáveis na forma de citação do seu nome.