Abstract: The concentrations of Platinum (Pt), Rhodium (Rh) and Palladium (Pd) were evaluated from a highly impacted estuary in Brazil influenced by industrial pole, highway traffic and sewage outfall. The Santos-São Vicente region presents important economic activities derived from a largest harbor of Latin America and an industrial pole surrounded by intensive highway traffic. Values of Rh varied from 0.08 to 1.7 ng g−1 with highest values at stations impacted by domestic waste. Pt ranged from 0.15 to 40.3 ng g−1 with highest concentrations located close to the ferryboat traffic. Pd levels varied from 1.05 to 22.0 ng g−1 with values >5 ng g−1 in 50% of the stations. The spatial distribution of PGEs was not always directly associated with muddy sediments, because high PGE levels found even in sandy sediments. Pollution indexes, including anthropogenic factor (AF), geoaccumulation index (Igeo), Enrichment factor (EF), and Pollution Load Index (PLI) were used for evaluating contaminant potential. Based on EF, Igeo, and PLI, 50% of samples of the sediments from Santos-São Vicente Estuarine System (SSV) were classified with significant to strong PGE contamination. All stations on the Santos Channel (SC), São Vicente Channel (SVC) and Bertioga Channel (BC) had AF higher than 80% in at least one of PGE elements, as showed in station 2A, which presented AF <50% for Rh and Pd and 86% for Pt. Despite high anthropogenic enrichment, no correlations among PGE elements were observed in surface sediments. Only two stations presented Pd/Pt, Pt/Rh, and Pd/Rh typical ratios of auto catalyst (st. 14 and Piaçaguera) both located in the vicinity of highways. This could be due to the PGE deposition process in road dust, soil, and water as well as the biogeochemical cycling of PGEs involving organic metallic and inorganic complexes formed in the estuarine and seawaters.

Palavras-Chave: estuaries; sediments; indexes; environment; coastal regions; water pollution; coastal waters; platinum; rhodium; palladium; chemical composition

BERBEL, GLAUCIA B.B.; HORTELLANI, MARCOS A.; SARKIS, JORGE E. de S.; CHIOZZINI, VITOR G.; FAVARO, DEBORAH I.T.; SUTTI, BRUNO O.; SAKAZAKI, NIXON C.; BRAGA, ELISABETE de S. Emerging contaminants (Rh, Pd, and Pt) in surface sediments from a Brazilian subtropical estuary influenced by anthropogenic activities. Marine Pollution Bulletin, v. 163, p. 1-13, 2021. DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111929. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/31957. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: O objetivo desse artigo é realizar uma análise crítica sobre o processo de gestão da informação a partir do caso dos “terroristas brasileiros”, ocorrido em paralelo aos preparativos para os jogos Olímpicos Rio 2016. Com base no conceito de poder proveniente da comunicação e da gestão da informação diante de situações críticas, o artigo visa analisar a conduta das autoridades brasileiras para proteger seus interesses sem afetar a relação de confiança com a sociedade, principalmente através do planejamento para tratamento e divulgação das informações.

Palavras-Chave: information; communications; management; network analysis; national defense; emergency plans; security

SANTOS, RAPHAEL A.V. dos; SARKIS, JORGE E. de S.; ANDRADE, DELVONEI A. de. Gestão da informação e crise: reflexões sobre comunicação no caso dos “terroristas brasileiros” – Olimpíadas Rio 2016. Brazilian Journal of Development, v. 8, n. 8, p. 57452-57463, 2022. DOI: 10.34117/bjdv8n8-171. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/33381. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: Glass-ceramics based on the Li2O-SiO2 system have been extensively used as restorative dental materials due to their excellent chemical durability, aesthetics, inertness in the buccal environment, and high fracture strength; but they are not bioactive. On the other hand, all known bioactive glasses show ability to bond to bone, teeth and cartilage coupled to osteoconduction and osteoinduction, but their fracture strength and toughness are rather low. The aim of this study is to develop and evaluate the in vitro biocompatibility of a new type of (bioactive and strong) lithia-silica glass-ceramic. For these purposes, two types of glass-ceramics based on a multicomponent lithia-silica system were studied: lithium metasilicate (LM) and lithium disilicate (LD). The in vitro bioactivity study was conducted in a SBF solution, before and after different times of immersion; the new materials were analyzed by XRD, FTIR, and SEM. Some samples were subjected to in vitro biodegradation tests to quantify the release of lithium and the weight loss. Cytotoxicity, adhesion, and cell proliferation on different samples were examined by using the Methyl Tetrazolium salt (MTS) and Alizarin Red. For ~40 vol% crystallinity, lithium metasilicate was detected as the major phase, whereas for ~80 vol% crystallinity, lithium disilicate was the major phase. The LD proved to be strong (3p-bending strength of 233 ± 12 MPa) and bioactive after 14 days of immersion in SBF. In terms of lithium ion release, the LD was outside the toxic range (> 8.3 ppm). The LM and LD are not cytotoxic. The LD shows the best cellular adhesion and proliferation, leading to the formation of a mineralized matrix after 21 days. These results clearly suggest that the new LD brand is strong and highly biocompatible and warrants further study.

Palavras-Chave: biology; compatibility; dentistry; teeth; biological regeneration; in vitro; crystallization; lithium; ceramics; glass

DAGUANO, JULIANA K.M.B.; MILESI, MARIANA T.B.; RODAS, ANDREA C.D.; WEBER, ALINE F.; SARKIS, JORGE E.S.; HORTELLANI, MARCOS A.; ZANOTTO, EDGAR D. In vitro biocompatibility of new bioactive lithia-silica glass-ceramics. Materials Science & Engineering C, v. 94, p. 117-125, 2019. DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2018.09.006. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/29994. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: The Santos Estuarine System (SES) is a complex of bays, islands, estuarine channels, and rivers located on the Southeast coast of Brazil, in which multiple contaminant sources are situated in close proximity to mangroves and other protected areas. In this study, the composition and structure of the macrobenthic communities of SES were described and ninetynine species were identified, with the predominance of polychaetes and bivalve mollusks. The benthic assemblages also showed strong signs of stress, as indicated by the low abundance, richness and diversity, and the dominance of opportunistic species. Integrated analysis including sediment characteristics related to natural and anthropogenic factors (e.g., sediment chemistry, and toxicity) indicated that benthic fauna from the inner portions of the SES and vicinities of the SSOS diffusers as Santos Bay were affected. Some locations at the mouths of Santos and Sao Vicente estuaries exhibited moderate disturbance. In other sites from the mouth of São Vicente and Bertioga channels, and Santos Bay, the benthic fauna were considered not degraded. Our results suggest that a combination of both environmental factors and contaminants were responsible for the benthic community structure.

Palavras-Chave: aquatic organisms; benthos; water pollution; estuaries; aquatic ecosystems; pollution sources; chemical effluents; chemical wastes; environmental impacts; sediments; grain size; metals; concentration ratio; brazil

ABESSA, D.M.S.; RACHID, B.R.F.; ZARONI, L.P.; GASPARRO, M.R.; PINTO, Y.A.; BICEGO, M.C.; HORTELLANI, M.A.; SARKIS, J.E.S.; MUNIZ, P.; MOREIRA, L.B.; SOUSA, E.C.P.M. Natural factors and chemical contamination control the structure of macrobenthic communities in the Santos Estuarine System (SP, Brazil). Community Ecology, v. 20, n. 2, p. 121-137, 2019. DOI: 10.1556/168.2019.20.2.3. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/30456. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: Specimens of the Cichla pinima are of ecological and economic importance in the Amazon region and are a good bioindicator species of Hg bioaccumulation. Adult specimens of Cichla pinima were obtained by fisheries in the Tapajós river region’s impacted gold mining area. Tissues such as muscle, liver, skin, and gill were submitted for total mercury (THg) analysis. For hepatic bioavailability, assays were carried out in the whole liver and in the sub-cellular hepatic fraction. The weight–length relationship showed an equation ofW= 2E− 06L3.3002 (R2 = 0.856) indicating an allometric growth. The mean THg values found in the muscle tissue of 676 ± 258 μg kg−1 were below the maximum limit established for human consumption, but were similar to Cichla fish from other areas impacted by Hg in the Amazon region. The trends of levels in the tissues were as follows: liver>muscle>gonads>skin>gill, with no significant differences between the gills and skin. A significant and positive correlation as rs = 0.65 was obtained between the THg contents in cytosolic fraction and the total hepatic THg (liver homogenate). However, only 7% of the THg were found and were available to the sub-cellular hepatic fraction. This profile can be an indicative of a hepatic cellular transference in fish exposed to high Hg levels in the Amazon region now that low concentrations of Hg have been found in the sub-cellular fraction. However, data of differential THg partition in the subcellular compartments should be considered, since others’ hepatic fractions can act in the Hg linkage into the cell.

Palavras-Chave: fishes; amazon river; brazil; mercury; concentration ratio; environmental impacts

AZEVEDO, JULIANA de S.; HORTELLANI, MARCOS A.; SARKIS, JORGE E. de S. Organotropism of total mercury (THg) in Cichla pinima, ecological aspects and human consumption in fish from Amazon region, Brazil. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, v. 26, p. 21363-21370, 2019. DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05303-x. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/30017. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: Rare earth elements have been increasingly used in modern societies and soils are likely to be the final destination of several REE-containing (by)products. This study reports REE contents for topsoils (0–20 cm) of 175 locations in reference (n = 68) and cultivated (n = 107) areas in Brazil. Benchmark soil samples were selected accomplishing a variety of environmental conditions, aiming to: i) establishing natural background and anthropogenic concentrations for REE in soils; ii) assessing potential contamination of soils - via application of phosphate fertilizers - with REE; and, iii) predicting soil-REE contents using biomes, soil type, parent material, land use, sand content, and biomes-land use interaction as forecaster variables through generalized least squares multiple regression. Our hypotheses were that the variability of soil-REE contents is influenced by parent material, pedogenic processes, land use, and biomes, as well as that cultivated soils may have been potentially contaminated with REE via input of phosphate fertilizers. The semi-total concentrations of REE were assessed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) succeeding a microwave-assisted aqua regia digestion. Analytical procedures followed a rigorous QA/QC protocol. Soil physicochemical composition and total oxides were also determined. Natural background and anthropogenic concentrations for REE were established statistically from the dataset by the median plus two median absolute deviations method. Contamination aspects were assessed by REE-normalized patterns, REE fractionation indices, and Ce and Eu anomalies ratios, as well as enrichment factors. The results indicate that differences in the amounts of REE in cultivated soils can be attributed to land use and agricultural sources (e.g., phosphate-fertilizer inputs), while those in reference soils can be attributed to parent materials, biomes, and pedogenic processes. The biomes, land use, and sand content helped to predict concentrations of light REE in Brazilian soils, with parent material being also of special relevance to predict heavy REE contents in particular.

Palavras-Chave: rare earths; environment; geochemistry; tropical regions; soils; surface contamination; anthropocene

BISPO, FABIO H.A.; MENEZES, MICHELE D. de; FONTANA, ADEMIR; SARKIS, JORGE E. de S.; GONCALVES, CRISTIANO M.; CARVALHO, TEOTONIO S. de; CURI, NILTON; GUILHERME, LUIZ R.G. Rare earth elements (REEs): geochemical patterns and contamination aspects in Brazilian benchmark soils. Environmental Pollution, v. 286, p. 1-12, 2021. DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117972. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/32590. Acesso em: $DATA.

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