Abstract: The development of environmentally friendly materials based on non-toxic absorbent polymers, which can ensure high water absorption for several applications in biomedical or agricultural areas, is one of the most complexes problems. In the literature, the non-toxic biodegradable polymer poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) was chemically modified with glyoxylic acid to obtain poly(vinylglyoxylic acid) (PVGA) as a biodegradable superabsorbent hydrogel polymer (SHAP), but in fact, the chemical crosslinking reaction decreases the water absorption capacity. In order to crosslink PVGA without losing its absorbent capacity; an alternative radiationcrosslink route has been studied. Radiation-induced crosslinking in the main C-C chain of PVGA where not all free hydrophilic groups (COOH) are involved in a crosslinking reaction as occurs in a traditional chemical reaction. The aim of this work was not only the chemical modification of 99% hydrolyzed PVA to obtain the linear and non-crosslinked PVGA at certain conditions, but also radiation crosslinking at different doses, at dose rate of 5 kGy h−1 attempting to increase the superabsorbent capacity. The samples were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Thermo-gravimetrical Analysis (TGA), Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H) (NMR) and Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The swelling behavior was measured gravimetrically in different solvents as pure water, buffer pH 3, 7 and 10. Results showed that radiation-crosslink route improves the swelling behavior of PVGA in approximately 215% when compared with PVGA chemically crosslinked, swelled in pure water.

Palavras-Chave: absorption spectroscopy; cross-linking; crystal lattices; dose rates; glyoxylic acid; hydrogels; infrared spectra; nuclear magnetic resonance; scanning electron microscopy; swelling; thermal gravimetric analysis

VILLEGAS, GETHZEMANI M.E.; MORSELLI, GIOVANNI R.; GONZALEZ-PEREZ, GIOVANNI; LUGAO, ADEMAR B. Enhancement swelling properties of PVGA hydrogel by alternative radiation crosslinking route. Radiation Physics and Chemistry, v. 153, p. 44-50, 2018. DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2018.08.038. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/29353. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: The quantification of the pollutant load received by a water body is one necessary step to keep its original standards, irrespective of the releasing source. Thus, to monitor and control the content of pollutants released in a water body assures the water will remain free from excessive pollution. Also, no harm to human health and the environment will occur. Hence, this paper aims to estimate the pollutant load of sanitary wastewater released by the Nuclear and Energy Research Institute (IPEN / CNEN-SP) in 2015 and 2016. The analysis of Cd, Pb, Cu, Cr, Zn, Ba, Ni, Mn, Fe, B, and Sn was performed by Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES). These metals and the total fixed solids were used to estimate the pollutant load. Wastewater flow measurement was carried out using bromide (Br-) as a tracer and with the values from IPEN`s annual water consumption. Since 2006, this is performed as part of the Environmental Monitoring Program (PMA-Q), in compliance with the current Brazilian Environmental Legislation and with the Term of Conduct Adjustment requirements, agreed with the Brazilian Institute of Environment and Renewable Natural Resources (IBAMA). Even the pollutants load has increased in 2015 and 2016, the monitoring frequency and water consumption have diminished in the last years. These facts increase the uncertainties in the monitoring and could lead to non-compliances with the monitoring laws.

Palavras-Chave: absorption spectroscopy; bromides; chemical analysis; flow rate; metals; monitoring; pollutants; semimetals; solids; waste water

SILVA, TATIANE B. de S.C. da; OLIVEIRA, CINTIA C. de; MARQUES, JOYCE R.; FAUSTINO, MAINARA G.; STELLATO, THAMIRIS B.; MONTEIRO, LUCILENA R.; PIRES, MARIA A.F.; COTRIM, MARYCEL E.B. Estimated pollutant load from Nuclear and Energy Research Institute (IPEN/CNEN-SP, Brazil). Brazilian Journal of Radiation Sciences, v. 9, n. 1A, p. 1-14, 2021. DOI: 10.15392/bjrs.v9i1A.1468. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/32125. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: This study presents the elemental concentration results obtained from 59 medicinal plants used in Brazil, determined by instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA), inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP OES) and cold vapor atomic absorption spectrometry (CV AAS). The selected plant species were chosen from the Brazilian National Agency for Sanitary Vigilance (ANVISA) list of herbs recommended for utilization by the Public System of Health in Brazil (SUS). The results showed that high levels of foreign matter were found in almost 50% of the analyzed samples. The concentration of the elements varied in a wide range, although, generally in accordance with values found in literature. High concentrations of Ba, Cr, Fe, Hg, Se and Ni were found in some samples. The enrichment factor indicated that potentially hazardous elements can be accumulated mainly in the bark of the plants, possibly indicating an anthropogenic contribution.

Palavras-Chave: trace amounts; elements; medicinal plants; neutron activation analysis; emission spectroscopy; coupling; absorption spectroscopy; vapors

SILVA, PAULO S.C.; FRANCISCONI, LUCILAINE S.; GONÇALVES, RODOLFO D.M.R. Evaluation of major and trace elements in medicinal plants. Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society, v. 27, n. 12, p. 2273-2289, 2016. DOI: 10.5935/0103-5053.20160123. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/27186. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: Measurement uncertainty was estimated following the EURACHEM guide (Quantifying Uncertainty in Analytical Measurement) for the elements As, Br, Cl, Co, Cr, Cs, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Rb, Sb, Se and Zn determined by In-strumental Neutron Activation Analysis (INAA) and for the elements Cd, Hg and Pb determined by Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS) in the fillet of the most consumed fish species at São Paulo city, Brazil. INAA expanded uncertainties ranged from 1.0 to 21% and the main contributions were due the counting statistics of sample and pipetted standards. For AAS, expanded uncertainties ranged from 6.5 to 13% and the main contri-butions were associated to the calibration curves. Uncertainty results were compared with the standard devia-tions of the mass fraction in the fishes (n = 10). Due to the wide variability in the mass fraction in the analyzed fish tissues, explained by factors such gender, age, fat content and fishing location of the specimens of each spe-cies, standard deviations were greater than expanded uncertainties, which means that the natural variability of the elements determined is greater than the data dispersion associated with the analytical techniques. Hence the used techniques were adequate for the fish fillet samples analyses.

Palavras-Chave: absorption spectroscopy; data covariances; evaluation; fishes; neutron activation analysis; toxicity

TAPPIZ, BRUNO; MOREIRA, EDSON G. Expanded uncertainty assessment in fish samples analyzed by INAA and AAS. Brazilian Journal of Radiation Sciences, v. 9, n. 1A, p. 1-14, 2021. DOI: 10.15392/bjrs.v9i1A.1314. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/32090. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: Mercury is potent toxicant element, but its toxicity can be reduced by forming a complex with selenium for safe excretion. Considering the impact of mercury exposure in the Amazon region and the possible interaction between these two elements,we aimed to assess the effects of Pro198Leu polymorphism to GPX1 and GSTM1 deletion, on mercury levels in a population from Porto Velho, an urban locality in the Brazilian Amazon region. Two hundredwomen fromthe capital city of Rondônia statewere recruited for this study with 149 deemed suitable to participate. We assessed dietary intake using 24-hour recall. Selenium levels in plasma and erythrocytes were measured using hydride generation quartz tube atomic absorption spectroscopy and total hair mercury using cold vapor atomic absorption spectrometry. Oxidative stress parameters (GPx activity, oxygen radical absorbency capacity [ORAC] and malondialdehyde [MDA]) were also analyzed. All participants were genotyped for Pro198Leu polymorphism and GSTM1 deletion.We observed that this population presented high prevalence of selenium deficiency, and also low levels of mercury, likely due to food habits that did not include seleniumrich food sources or significant consumption of fish (mercury biomagnifiers) regularly. Univariate statistical analysis showed that Pro198Leu and GSTM1 genotypes did not affect seleniumand mercury levels in this population.

Palavras-Chave: absorption spectroscopy; atomization; environmental impacts; genotype; mercury; selenium; toxicity; urban areas; urban populations; women

ROCHA, ARIANA V.; CARDOSO, BARBARA R.; ZAVARIZE, BRUNA; ALMONDES, KALUCE; BORDON, ISABELLA; HARE, DOMINIC J.; FAVARO, DEBORAH I.T.; COZZOLINO, SILVIA M.F. GPX1 Pro198Leu polymorphism and GSTM1 deletion do not affect selenium and mercury status in mildly exposed Amazonian women in an urban population. Science of the Total Environment, v. 571, p. 801-808, 2016. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.07.054. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/27189. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: Bivalve mollusks have long been used in biomonitoring studies to assess seawater environmental status. The use of suitable certified reference materials is a straightforward means to attain quality assurance in such studies as they allow the traceability of measurement results, making it possible the comparison of data obtained at different places and periods of time. This paper describes the certification of element mass fractions for a Perna perna mussel reference material produced in Brazil. After homogeneity and stability studies, an interlaboratory comparison was performed for element characterization. Robust means were taken as assigned values and contributions due to element characterization and from homogeneity and stability studies were taken into account to yield expanded uncertainties. From the adopted certification criteria, informative values for 20 elements were obtained and it was possible to assign certified values for the following 16 elements: Al, As, Ca, Cd, Cl, Co, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, Se, Th and Zn.

Palavras-Chave: calibration standards; mussels; interlaboratory comparisons; allocations; brazil; neutron activation analysis; absorption spectroscopy; biological markers; monitoring

MOREIRA, EDSON G.; VASCONCELLOS, MARINA B.A.; MAIHARA, VERA A.; CATHARINO, MARILIA G.M.; SAIKI, MITIKO. Interlaboratory comparison for the characterization of a brazilian mussel reference material. Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society, v. 29, n. 4, p. 823-830, 2018. DOI: 10.21577/0103-5053.20170205. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/28851. Acesso em: $DATA.

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