Navegação Periódicos - Artigos por assunto "absorbed radiation doses"

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  • IPEN-DOC 19817

    MOURA, E.S.; ZEITUNI, C.A. ; SAKURABA, R.K.; GONCALVES, V.D.; CRUZ, J.C.; JUNIOR, D.K.; SOUZA, C.D.; ROSTELATO, M.E.C.M. . Absorbed dose simulations in near-surface regions using high dose rate iridium-192 sources applied for brachytherapy. Radiation Physics and Chemistry, v. 95, p. 299-301, 2014.

    Palavras-Chave: absorbed radiation doses; beta particles; brachytherapy; cobalt 60; computerized simulation; depth dose distributions; iridium 192; mammary glands; monte carlo method; pmma; prostate; surfaces

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  • IPEN-DOC 27899

    ALENCAR, C.S.L. ; PAIVA, A.R.N. ; SILVA, L.G.A. ; SOMESSARI, E.S.R. ; VAZ, J.M. ; SPINACE, E.V. . AuCu/TiO2 catalysts prepared using electron beam irradiation for the preferential oxidation of carbon monoxide in hydrogen-rich mixtures. Brazilian Journal of Radiation Sciences, v. 9, n. 1A, p. 1-16, 2021. DOI: 10.15392/bjrs.v9i1A.1497

    Abstract: The major part of the world production of hydrogen (H2) is originated from a combination of methane steam reforming and water gas shift reaction resulting in an H2 rich mixture known as reformate gas, which contains about 1% vol (10,000 ppm) of carbon monoxide (CO). The preferential oxidation reaction of CO in H2 rich mixtures (CO PROX) has been considered a very promising process for H2 purification, reducing CO for values below 50 ppm allowing its use in PEMFC Fuel Cells. Au nanoparticles supported on TiO2 (Au/TiO2) catalysts have been shown good activity and selectivity for CO PROX reaction in the temperature range between 20 80 ºC; however, the catalytic activity strongly depends on the preparation method. Also, the addition of Cu to the Au/TiO2 catalyst could increase the activity and selectivity for CO PROX reaction. In this work, AuCu/TiO2 catalysts with composition 0.5%Au0.5%Cu/TiO2 were prepared in a single step using electron beam irradiation, where the Au3+ and Cu2+ ions were dissolved in water/2 propanol solution, the TiO2 support was dispersed and the obtained mixture was irradiated under stirring at room temperature using different dose rates (8 64 kGy s 1) and total doses (144 576 kGy). The catalysts were characterized by energy dispersive X ray analysis, X ray diffraction transmission electron microscopy, temperature programmed reduction and tested for CO PROX reaction. The best result was obtained with a catalyst prepared with a dose rate of 64 kGy s 1 and a total dose of 576 kGy showed a CO conversion of 45% and a CO2 selectivity of 30% at 150 ºC.

    Palavras-Chave: absorbed radiation doses; carbon monoxide; catalysts; copper; dose rates; electron beams; gold; hydrogen; irradiation; mixtures; nanoparticles; oxidation; titanium oxides

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  • IPEN-DOC 23169

    GIMENEZ-ALVENTOSA, VINCENT; ANTUNES, PAULA C.G. ; VIJANDE, JAVIER; BALLESTER, FACUNDO; PEREZ-CALATAYUD, JOSE; ANDREO, PEDRO. Collision-kerma conversion between dose-to-tissue and dose-to-water by photon energy-fluence corrections in low-energy brachytherapy. Physics in Medicine & Biology, v. 62, n. 1, p. 146-164, 2017. DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/aa4f6a

    Abstract: The AAPM TG-43 brachytherapy dosimetry formalism, introduced in 1995, has become a standard for brachytherapy dosimetry worldwide; it implicitly assumes that charged-particle equilibrium (CPE) exists for the determination of absorbed dose to water at different locations, except in the vicinity of the source capsule. Subsequent dosimetry developments, based on Monte Carlo calculations or analytical solutions of transport equations, do not rely on the CPE assumption and determine directly the dose to different tissues. At the time of relating dose to tissue and dose to water, or vice versa, it is usually assumed that the photon fluence in water and in tissues are practically identical, so that the absorbed dose in the two media can be related by their ratio of mass energy-absorption coefficients. In this work, an efficient way to correlate absorbed dose to water and absorbed dose to tissue in brachytherapy calculations at clinically relevant distances for low-energy photon emitting seeds is proposed. A correction is introduced that is based on the ratio of the water-to-tissue photon energy-fluences. State-of-the art Monte Carlo calculations are used to score photon fluence differential in energy in water and in various human tissues (muscle, adipose and bone), which in all cases include a realistic modelling of low-energy brachytherapy sources in order to benchmark the formalism proposed. The energy-fluence based corrections given in this work are able to correlate absorbed dose to tissue and absorbed dose to water with an accuracy better than 0.5% in the most critical cases (e.g. bone tissue).

    Palavras-Chave: absorbed radiation doses; accuracy; analytical solution; benchmarks; bone tissues; brachytherapy; charged particles; corrections; dosimetry; energy absorption; kerma; monte carlo method; muscles; radiation source implants; skeleton

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  • IPEN-DOC 29846

    AQUINO, S. ; LIMA, J.E.A.; BORRELY, S.I. . Combined application of gamma radiation, cleaning and chemical sanitizers in decontamination of vehicle air conditioning filters. Brazilian Journal of Radiation Sciences, v. 11, n. 2, p. 1-11, 2023. DOI: 10.15392/2319-0612.2023.2244

    Abstract: This work aimed to analyze the fungal contamination of air-conditioning filter waste (n=15) as an indicator of Quality Air Indoor from different car models in São Paulo city in São Paulo State, Brazil, during the period from October 2018 to July 2019. Three different treatments were used for the decontamination of car air conditioning filters, such as mechanical vacuum cleaning (I), vacuum cleaning and use of sanitizing product (II), and sanitizing product associated with radiation treatment at a dose of 17 kGy (III). After the treatments, microbiological analyses were performed and samples were plated in Petri dishes containing Sabouraud agar transferred by Swabs, and incubated for 7 days at 25 °C. The Petri dishes were stored in a standard Biochemical Oxygen Demand incubator, for the growth of fungal cultures. After incubation, the fungal cultures were evaluated, and the fungal counting was expressed in unit-forming colonies (UFC) and frequency in samples (%). The fungi were examined by lactophenol blue solution staining for microscopy. All samples of treatment I and II were contaminated with various fungal genera and high bioburden, namely (treatment I) Alternaria alternata, Aspergillus flavus, A. niger, Cladosporium spp., Fusarium spp., Mucor spp., Nigrospora spp., Not Sporulated Fungi (NSF), Penicillium spp., Rhizopus spp., Rhodotorula spp., Trichoderma spp. and yeasts. Treatment II showed Alternaria alternata, Aspergillus flavus, A. fumigatus, A. niger, A. ochraceus, Cladosporium spp., Mucor spp., NSF, Penicillium spp., Phoma spp., Rhizopus spp., Rhodotorula spp., Trichoderma spp., and yeasts. Treatment III presented NSF and yeasts, with 80% of material decontamination.

    Palavras-Chave: absorbed radiation doses; air conditioners; air conditioning; cryogenics; environmental quality; fungi; heating; indoor air pollution; irradiation; pollutants; radiation doses; vehicles

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  • IPEN-DOC 25705

    CAMARGO, F.; GONCALVES, J.A.C. ; BUENO, C.C. . A comparison between rad-hard float zone silicon diodes as gamma dosimeter in radiation processing. Brazilian Journal of Radiation Sciences, v. 7, n. 2A, p. 1-13, 2019. DOI: 10.15392/bjrs.v7i2A.681

    Abstract: In this work, we report on the results obtained with rad-hard Standard Float Zone (STFZ) and Diffused Oxygenated Float Zone (DOFZ) silicon diodes in radiation processing dosimetry. The dosimetric probes were designed to operate in the direct current mode, as on-line radiation dosimeter. The irradiation of the samples was performed using a 60Co source with a dose rate of almost 2.4 kGy/h. The current response of each diode was measured as a function of the exposure time in steps from 5 kGy up to 50 kGy to achieve a total absorbed dose of 275 kGy. In this dose range it is observed a significant decrease in the photocurrent generated in both devices due to gamma radiation defects produced in their active volumes. To mitigate this effect, the samples were pre-irradiated with 60Co gamma rays at 700 kGy. Despite of being less sensitive, these devices presented stable and reproducible current signals with a relative sensitivity decrease of about 19% within the whole range of dose studied. The dose-response curves of the pre-irradiated diodes showed quadratic behavior with correlation coefficient higher than 0.9999 for total absorbed dose up to 275 kGy. The comparison of the diodes’ dosimetric responses evidenced that the best result was achieved with the DOFZ, which exhibited slightly higher sensitivity and stability than the STFZ devices. However, it is important to note that all pre-irradiated diodes can be used as gamma dosimeters in radiation processing applications.

    Palavras-Chave: gamma dosimetry; gamma radiation; absorbed radiation doses; comparative evaluations; zone melting; cobalt 60; silicon diodes; radiation dose units; irradiation; dose rates; oxygen; radiation dose ranges

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  • IPEN-DOC 24329

    TEIXEIRA, BRUNA S. ; GARCIA, RAFAEL H.L. ; TAKINAMI, PATRICIA Y.I. ; DEL MASTRO, NELIDA L. . Comparison of gamma radiation effects on natural corn and potato starches and modified cassava starch. Radiation Physics and Chemistry, v. 142, p. 44-49, 2018. DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2017.09.001

    Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of irradiation treatment on physicochemical properties of three natural polymers, i.e. native potato and corn starches and a typical Brazilian product, cassava starch modified through fermentation-sour cassava- and also to prepare composite hydrocolloid films based on them. Starches were irradiated in a Co-60 irradiation chamber in doses up to 15 kGy, dose rate about 1 kGy/h. Differences were found in granule size distribution upon irradiation, mainly for corn and cassava starch but radiation did not cause significant changes in granule morphology. The viscosity of the potato, corn and cassava starches hydrogels decreased as a function of absorbed dose. Comparing non-irradiated and irradiated starches, changes in the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra in the 2000-1500 cm(-1) region for potato and corn starches were observed but not for the cassava starch. Maximum rupture force of the starch-based films was affected differently for each starch type; color analysis showed that doses of 15 kGy promoted a slight rise in the parameter b* (yellow color) while the parameter L* (lightness) was not significantly affected; X-ray diffraction patterns remained almost unchanged by irradiation.

    Palavras-Chave: starch; cassava; potatoes; gamma radiation; viscosity; fourier transform spectrometers; x-ray diffraction; infrared spectrometers; radiation effects; absorbed radiation doses; cobalt 60; dose rates; films; irradiation; visible radiation; x radiation

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  • IPEN-DOC 27804

    SANTOS, WILLIAM S. ; NEVES, LUCIO P.; PERINI, ANA P.; SANTOS, CARLA J.; BELINATO, WALMIR; SILVA, ROGERIO M.V.; SOARES, MARIA R.; VALERIANO, CAIO C.; CALDAS, LINDA V.E. . Computational modelling of cervix radiation procedure using a virtual anthropomorphic phantom and the MCNPX code. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, v. 1826, p. 1-8, 2021. DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/1826/1/012040

    Abstract: There is a serious, and growing concern about the increased risk of the emergence of a secondary cancer, radio-induced, associated with radiotherapy treatments. To assess the radiation doses to organs outside the target volume, in this work, several computational exposure scenarios were modelled, based on Monte Carlo simulation (MCNPX code). A Varian 2100c accelerator, and a female virtual anthropomorphic phantom were used, in a simulated treatment of cervical cancer. The determination of the dispersed dose would be important for assessing the risk in different organs or tissues. Four treatment fields were applied, varying the gantry angle. It was possible to observe that the conversion factors for equivalent dose were higher for the AP projection. For the RLAT and LLAT projections, the results were similar, fact that may be attributed to the symmetrical distributions of the organs in relation to the radiation source. The results presented in this work showed that the computational exposure scenario provides a versatile and accurate tool to estimate in a ready way the absorbed doses during a cervical treatment.

    Palavras-Chave: absorbed radiation doses; animal tissues; computerized simulation; dosimetry; monte carlo method; organs; phantoms; radiotherapy; uterus

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  • IPEN-DOC 24674

    POLO, IVON O. ; CALDAS, LINDA V.E. . Determination of transmission factors in beta radiation beams. Applied Radiation and Isotopes, v. 136, p. 82-86, 2018. DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2018.02.010

    Abstract: In beta emitters, in order to evaluate the absorbed dose rate at different tissue depths, it is necessary to determine the transmission factors. In this work, the transmission factors determined in beta secondary standard radiation beams are presented. For this purpose, an extrapolation chamber was used. The results obtained were considered acceptable, and they are within the uncertainties in comparison with the values provided by the source calibration certificate. The maximum differences between the results obtained in this work and those from the calibration certificate were 3.3%, 3.8% and 5.9% for 90Sr/90Y, 85Kr and 147Pm sources respectively.

    Palavras-Chave: absorbed radiation doses; dose rates; extrapolation chambers; krypton 85; promethium 147; radiations; strontium 90; transmission; yttrium 90

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  • IPEN-DOC 27369

    SILVA, C.R. ; PEREIRA, S.T. ; NAPOLITANO, C.M. ; SOMESSARI, E.S.R. ; RIBEIRO, M.S. . Development of a shielding device for radiotherapy of breast cancer-bearing mice. Brazilian Journal of Radiation Sciences, v. 8, n. 1, p. 1-9, 2020. DOI: 10.15392/bjrs.v8i1A.1164

    Abstract: Breast cancer is the fifth most common cause of death worldwide. Currently, one of the standard treatments for breast cancer is radiation therapy (RT). On the other hand, mouse models have been used in pre-clinical studies for breast cancer RT, requiring dedicated shielding to exposure the breast region. In this work, we considered the values of the lead attenuation coefficient and the material tenth reducing layer for 60Co gamma radiation and developed a lead shielding device for breast cancer-bearing mice to be exposed to localized breast RT. Five-kg of lead were heated to of 340ºC and inserted into an aluminum mold previously adjusted to the dimensions of the device. After solidification, the device was shaped into a cylinder with dimension of 14 x 15 x 7 cm (height x width x thickness, respectively). A round cut-out for breast exposure of 1 cm in diameter was made at 5 cm from the basis of the device. For shielding device validation, we performed calibrations to establish a dose of 10 Gy to the target volume. Fifteen CaSO4:Dy thermoluminescent dosimeters were distributed inside the conical tube to mimic the mouse position inside the shielding. The shielding device was placed at a fixed distance of 10 cm from the target for optimal exposure time. After irradiation, the dosimeters were read using a thermoluminescent reader. According to our results, we were able to develop a body-shielding device that assured the required dose for RT of breast cancer in mice.

    Palavras-Chave: absorbed radiation doses; cobalt 60; gamma radiation; ionizing radiations; lead; mammary glands; mice; neoplasms; radiotherapy; shielding; thermoluminescent dosemeters

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  • IPEN-DOC 27894

    LIMA, L.M.P.R.; KODAMA, Y. ; OTUBO, L. ; SANTOS, P.S. ; VASQUEZ, P.A. . Effect of ionizing radiation on the color of botanical collections - exsiccata. Brazilian Journal of Radiation Sciences, v. 9, n. 1A, p. 1-16, 2021. DOI: 10.15392/bjrs.v9i1A.1462

    Abstract: Conservation and preservation strategies are essential to manage botanical collections specially for dried herbarium specimens also known as exsiccates, usually referring to a set of identified specimens belonging to taxa and distributed among all herbaria around the world. Particularly, these collections are very sensitive to the attack of fungi and insects. In recent years, disinfection by ionizing radiation has become an effective strategy to preserve cultural heritage objects and archived materials with excellent results. In this work, the effects on color properties of gamma radiation on exsiccates samples were studied. Thus, two exsiccates, botanical pressed and dehydrated samples were selected from the Dom Bento José Pickel Herbarium (SPSF), situated at São Paulo (Brazil). These samples comes from Asteraceae and Solanaceae families and were collected in 1946 and 1984. The irradiation was performed at the Multipurpose Gamma Irradiation Facility at IPEN applying absorbed doses of 1 kGy, 6 kGy and 10 kGy, which are values of absorbed dose for disinfestation and disinfection. Results were analyzed using colorimetry with CIELAB color space scale and scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that there were no significant changes on colorimetric morphological properties of the samples.

    Palavras-Chave: absorbed radiation doses; absorption spectroscopy; botany; cobalt 60; disinfestation; fungi; gamma radiation; morphology; pest control; radiation dose units

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  • IPEN-DOC 29099

    LIMA, LENI M.P.R. ; KODAMA, YASKO ; BAITELLO, JOAO B.; OTUBO, LARISSA ; SANTOS, PAULO de S. ; VASQUEZ, PABLO A.S. . Effects of ionizing radiation decontamination on botanical collections in herbaria. Radiation Physics and Chemistry, v. 202, p. 1-8, 2023. DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2022.110561

    Abstract: Herbaria collections are very sensitive to attacks from microorganisms and insects. Therefore, preservation strategies and appropriate treatments are essential to manage these artifacts. Decontamination by ionizing radiation has become an effective strategy to preserve cultural heritage objects and archived materials, achieving excellent results. Therefore, this work aimed to study the effects of Co-60 gamma radiation on botanical collections. To accomplish this, samples of exsiccates, including botanical pressed and dehydrated specimens from Asteraceae and Solanaceae families, collected on diferentes dates were selected from the Dom Bento José Pickel Herbarium (SPSF), located in São Paulo (Brazil). Irradiation was performed at the Multipurpose Gamma Irradiation Facility at IPEN, applying absorbed doses of 1 kGy, 6 kGy and 10 kGy. Gamma radiation effect was analyzed using colorimetry with CIELAB color space scale, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and attenuated total reflectance with Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy. Results showed no significant colorimetric changes, or changes in the morphological properties of samples, indicating that this decontamination method can be used as an alternative treatment to eliminate insects and micro-fungi of botanical collections without the use of toxic substances.

    Palavras-Chave: gamma radiation; cultural objects; cultural objects; decontamination; preservation; plants; herbs; absorbed radiation doses; radiation effects

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  • IPEN-DOC 29030

    OLIVEIRA, L.N. ; NASCIMENTO, E.O.; ANTONIO, P.L. ; CALDAS, L.V.E. . Ethylene-vinyl acetate detector exposed to gamma radiation and evaluated via principal component regression. Brazilian Journal of Radiation Sciences, v. 10, n. 2A, p. 1-17, 2022. DOI: 10.15392/bjrs.v10i2A.1760

    Abstract: Ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) is the flexible plastic material commonly used in industries. The EVA samples, in green, white and black colors were irradiated with absorbed doses of 0.01 kGy up to 10.0 kGy using a 60Co Gamma Cell-220 system, and the Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectrophotometry technique was used for evaluating the samples. This work aimed to investigate EVA samples in measurements with gamma radiation, analyzing the linearity through the Principal Component Regression (PCR) method and its sensitivity. For sensitivity and linearity, the green samples showed the best results, followed by white and black EVA samples. The PCR method inflated gradually the number of principal components, then reducing the residuals between the measured and calculated values, consequently obtaining maximum linearity of 1.000 for all of the EVA samples. In conclusion, the FTIR was adequate for the acquisition of absorbance spectra; the linearity via PCR and sensitivity showed good results indicating that the EVA detectors can be useful in radiation measurements.

    Palavras-Chave: absorbed radiation doses; cobalt 60; dosemeters; dosimetry; ethylene; fourier transformation; regression analysis; sensitivity; vinyl acetate

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  • IPEN-DOC 27248

    LIMA, B.L.; ALMEIDA, J.S. ; POTIENS, M.P.A. ; PELISSONI, R.A.; SAPIENZA, M.T.; BUCHPIGUEL, C.A.; WILLEGAIGNON, J.. Evaluation of biokinetics and dosimetry in [131I]-NaI therapies: quantification of whole body images versus thigh region. Brazilian Journal of Radiation Sciences, v. 8, n. 1A, p. 1-13, 2020. DOI: 10.15392/bjrs.v8i1A.1082

    Abstract: This study evaluate the possibility of restricting the current image quantification (ROI) from the whole body to a small area in thigh for therapy planning. Whole body planar images were obtained from 13 patients after the administration of 131I tracer dose, and OLINDA/EXM software was used for internal dose calculation. The average value of half-life time was 16.46 ± 3.45 h in whole body quantification, compared to 14.07 ± 2.89 h in thigh. The average absorbed dose in bone marrow from the whole body quantification was 0.0519 ± 0.0250 mGy/MBq, whilst the absorbed dose provided by the thigh quantification represented 87% of this value, with up to 95% in time reduction for dose calculation. Such doses become similar when a correction factor of 1.13 is applied in thigh dose results (p=0.67), which is within the variation coefficient assumed to internal dosimetry (20%). This study shows the possibility of a significant time reduction in internal dose calculation applied to therapy planning.

    Palavras-Chave: absorbed radiation doses; bone marrow; dosimetry; iodine 131; limbs; neoplasms; patients; planning; radionuclide kinetics; single photon emission computed tomography; thyroid; whole-body irradiation

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  • IPEN-DOC 24241

    OLIVEIRA, L.N. ; VIEIRA, S.L.; SCHIMIDT, F.; ANTONIO, P.L. ; CALDAS, L.V.E. . Evaluation of polybutadiene rubbers using FTIR spectra. Brazilian Journal of Radiation Sciences, v. 05, n. 02, p. 01-07, 2017. DOI: 10.15392/bjrs.v5i2.198

    Abstract: Radiation dosimetry for medical and industrial purposes has increasingly evolved over the last few decades with the introduction of various new detectors. Depending on the properties exhibited for radiation dosimetry, some detectors present their applications in a specific area. From a physics point of view, an ideal dosimeter should be able to measure absorbed dose. In this work, synthetic materials based on polybutadiene rubbers (PBR) were proposed as a new class of radiation detectors. The influence of radiation dose on their properties has been investigated for application in radiation dosimetry. The rubber samples were exposed to absorbed doses from 10 Gy up to 250 Gy, using a 60Co Gamma Cell-220 system. Their responses were carried out with a Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectrometer to investigate the presence of absorbance peaks. The results suggested the existence of a relationship between the absorbed doses and the absorbance peaks associated with stretching (1300-1200 cm-1), deformation (1450-1340 cm-1) and vibration (1500-1400 cm-1) processes in the material.

    Palavras-Chave: absorbed radiation doses; butadiene; cobalt 60; dosimetry; fourier transformation; infrared spectra; peaks; radiation detectors; radiation dose ranges; radiation protection; rubbers

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  • IPEN-DOC 25138

    SILVA, J.O.; NONATO, F.B.C.; SAMPAIO, F.G.A.; CALDAS, L.V.E. . Evaluation of some dosimetric properties of a dedicated plane parallel ionization chamber for radiotherapy electron beams. Brazilian Journal of Radiation Sciences, v. 6, n. 3, p. 1-13, 2018. DOI: 10.15392/bjrs.v6i3.547

    Abstract: Ionization chambers are the reference detectors for electron beam dosimetry. In this paper a dedicated radiotherapy plane parallel ionization chamber manufactured with low cost materials is presented for dosimetry in electron beams. The ionization chamber tested has a sensitive volume of 0.4 cm³. Both the collecting electrode and the guard ring were painted with a homogeneous mixture of nail polish and graphite. The dedicated ionization chamber presented a linear response with electron absorbed dose within the range 0.5 to 8.0 Gy, an increase of its response with the field size increasing, an angular dependence within ±5°, as recommended by international standards, and a polarity effect of 0.78% according to the field size. Considering the results obtained, it is possible to conclude that the plane parallel ionization chamber tested in this work presents potential use for elec - tron beam dosimetry in clinical routine.

    Palavras-Chave: absorbed radiation doses; dosimetry; electron beams; ionization chambers; performance; phantoms; planning; radiotherapy

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  • IPEN-DOC 25198

    BRANT, ANTONIO J.C. ; NAIME, NATALIA ; LUGAO, ADEMAR B. ; PONCE, PATRICIA . Influence of ionizing radiation on biodegradable foam trays for food packaging obtained from irradiated cassava starch. Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology, v. 61, n. e18160520, 2018. DOI: 10.1590/1678-4324-2018160520

    Abstract: Biodegradable polymers, such as starch, cellulose, and derivatives thereof, are being studied to produce innovative packaging in the most diverse shapes (films, bags, trays, bottles, etc.) to attend this current market trend. The aim of this work was to produce foam trays from cassava starch for food packaging via extrusion followed by thermoforming process. Their formulations were based on unirradiated and γ-irradiated starches at diverse radiation absorbed doses (in kGy) in order to evaluate the influence of the irradiated starches on the physical properties of the trays. Water absorption results showed an irregular increase with the increase of the absorbed dose ( for example, 26.32% and 39.84% for the trays based on unirradiated starch 0 kGy and 1:1 (w/w) mixture of starches 0 kGy and 100.0 kGy, respectively). Other physicochemical properties were evaluated from the starches utilized and the trays obtained. Aerobic biodegradation of the foams by mass loss also was checked in soil burial test.

    Palavras-Chave: ionizing radiations; gamma radiation; cassava; starch; packaging; biodegradation; compression strength; physical properties; hot pressing; foams; absorbed radiation doses; extrusion; flexibility

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  • IPEN-DOC 24358

    OLIVEIRA, LUCAS N. de ; SCHIMIDT, FERNANDO; ANTONIO, PATRICIA L. ; ANDREETA, MARCELLO R.B.; CALDAS, LINDA V.E. . Lithium diborate glass for high-dose dosimetry using the UV-Vis and FTIR spectrophotometry techniques. Radiation Measurements, v. 106, n. SI, p. 225-228, 2017. DOI: 10.1016/j.radmeas.2017.05.015

    Abstract: Glass has been used in radiation dosimetry mainly for its linear response with absorbed dose, low cost and easy evaluation. The lithium diborate glasses were irradiated with doses from 200 Gy to 10 kGy using a60Co Gamma-Cell system 220 and evaluated with the UV-Vis and FTIR techniques. The results indicate that the samples present lithium diborate, linearity with the absorbed dose, usefulness as YES/NO radiation detectors (due to their color change), low fading for time periods up to 60 days and a good response reproducibility. In conclusion, the lithium diborate glass may be promising for dosimetry in high doses of radiation.

    Palavras-Chave: absorbed radiation doses; dosemeters; dosimetry; evaluation; fourier transformation; glass; infrared spectra; irradiation; lithium; radiation detectors; spectrophotometry

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  • IPEN-DOC 26468

    SOUZA, LUIZA F.; SANTOS, WILLIAM S. ; BELINATO, WALMIR; SILVA, ROGERIO M.V.; CALDAS, LINDA V.E. ; SOUZA, DIVANIZIA N.. Mass energy absorption coefficients and energy responses of magnesium tetraborate dosimeters for 0.02 MeV to 20 MeV photons using Monte Carlo simulations. Applied Radiation and Isotopes, v. 148, p. 232-239, 2019. DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2019.04.015

    Abstract: Thermoluminescence dosimeters containing boron, such as magnesium tetraborate (MgB4O7), are of interest because of their very high sensitivity, near tissue-equivalent absorption coefficients, low cost, easy handling, and very large linearity range for absorbed dose. Another important parameter that should be considered when working with thermoluminescent dosimeter (TLD) is the mass energy absorption coefficient (μen/ρ), which is a close approximation to the energy available for production of chemical, biological and other effects associated with exposure to ionizing radiation, therefore important in estimating dose in medical and health physics. In this study the mass energy absorption coefficients and energy responses of undoped and some doped magnesium tetraborates were calculated by Monte Carlo N-particle transport code for a range of photon energies between 20 keV and 20 MeV. The calculated parameters for MgB4O7, MgB4O7:Dy and MgB4O7:Dy,Li were evaluated in comparison with standard TLDs as Al2O3:C and TLD-100 (LiF: Mg, Ti) and ICRU tissue data. The influence of the dopant concentration in the MgB4O7 matrix on the energy dependence of TLD was also investigated. The analyses indicated a good agreement between the simulations and theoretical calculations. The μen/ρ and energy dependence of the materials are higher in the low energy range (E < 100 keV), which is related to the high probability of interaction between radiation and matter due to photoelectric absorption. With regard to the influence of dysprosium concentration in the MgB4O7 matrix an increase in the energy dependence of MgB4O7 for higher concentrations of dopants was observed in the low energy range.

    Palavras-Chave: absorbed radiation doses; borates; boron; computerized simulation; concentration ratio; doped materials; energy absorption; energy dependence; icru; ionizing radiations; kev range; lithium fluorides; magnesium; magnesium compounds; mev range; monte carlo method; radiation protection; sensitivity; thermoluminescent dosemeters

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  • IPEN-DOC 25131

    POLO, IVON O. ; SANTOS, WILLIAM S. ; CALDAS, LINDA V.E. . Modelling the absorbed dose rate of the beta standard BSS2 147Pm source. Applied Radiation and Isotopes, v. 140, p. 83-86, 2018. DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2018.06.015

    Abstract: The dosimetric measurements of 147Pm beta radiation beams have limitations due to their low energy, low dose rate, great dispersion and attenuation in air or tissue. In this work, the Monte Carlo model was developed for a 147Pm absorbed dose rate determination. This model consists of an extrapolation chamber and a 147Pm beta radiation source. Moreover, the absorbed dose rate was determined by experimental measurements and the MCNP Monte Carlo code was used. The relative number of particles that crossed the radioactive source window and the particles that crossed the extrapolation chamber entrance window were determined. The source fluence spectrum was also determined. The results of the simulation and the experimental calculations are in agreement with the absorbed dose rate from the PTB calibration certificate. The results obtained are considered acceptable, and they agree within the uncertainties. The difference between the experimental result and that from the Monte Carlo model, compared to that from the calibration certificate, was only 0.8% in both cases.

    Palavras-Chave: absorbed radiation doses; beta sources; dose rates; extrapolation chambers; monte carlo method; promethium 147; simulation

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  • IPEN-DOC 29032

    OLIVEIRA, L.N. ; NASCIMENTO, E.O.; ANTONIO, P.L. ; CALDAS, L.V.E. . Plastic bottle caps as radiation detectors for high gamma radiation doses. Brazilian Journal of Radiation Sciences, v. 10, n. 2A, p. 1-18, 2022. DOI: 10.15392/bjrs.v10i2A.1761

    Abstract: Dosimetric evaluation is indicated for material characterization seeking to identify possible applications; still, proper preprocessing techniques are critical features of this process. This work aimed to determine the linearity response of plastic samples irradiated with gamma rays using the Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) measurements. The plastic samples were analyzed using Derivatives and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) methods. They applied linear and Principal Component Regression (PCR) methods to obtain linearity. The methods obtained good results for linearity and also showed the evolution of each technique. In conclusion, the results indicate that the applied methods can be useful in radiation physics and for plastic samples as interesting potential radiation detectors.

    Palavras-Chave: absorbed radiation doses; cobalt 60; dosemeters; dosimetry; fourier transformation; gamma radiation; polyethylene terephthalate; principal component analysis; radiation detectors

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