Abstract: Depending on the nature of the loading during service, the level and nature of residual stress can contribute to the lower service-life of a component. In this study the internal level of the residual stress of a 6061 Al–Mg–Si alloy with different thermomechanical processes was evaluated by residual stress neutron diffraction (RSND). Commercial tempers such as T6 (peak aged) and O (annealed) were compared with the 6061 alloy after different steps of a thermomechanical processing used for the manufacturing of nuclear fuel plates, R3 and R9H60. The results showed that the lowest level of residual stress was found for the peak age, T6 condition. This was associated with the highest microhardness value (highest density of "β″ phase) and lowest grain size. The O temper was the only condition which showed compressive residual stress and the most coarsened precipitates. The nuclear thermomechanical processes, R3 and R9H60, resulted in increased level residual stress related to the T6 and showed a tensile nature in relation to its parent material (6061-O). Moreover, the RSND technique allows observing that the texture is also higher for the samples processed by the nuclear thermomechanical process due the hot rolling stage.

Palavras-Chave: microstructure; residual stresses; aluminium alloys; neutron diffraction; thermomechanical treatments; magnesium alloys; silicon alloys; friction welding

MILAGRE, MARIANA X.; FRANCO, MARGARETH; GENEZINI, FREDERICO; WIMPORY, ROBERT C.; YOKAICHIYA, FABIANO; COSTA, ISOLDA. A correlation between microstructure and residual stress in the 6061 Al–Mg–Si alloy with different thermomechanical process. SN Applied Sciences, v. 2, n. 12, 2020. DOI: 10.1007/s42452-020-03945-y. Disponível em: http://200.136.52.105/handle/123456789/31782. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: Aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloys have been widely used as extruded products due to its mechanical strength and high ductility. The effects induced by shot peening has been extensively used in materials that have potential for structural applications. In this context, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the residual stress induced by shot peening of extruded aluminum alloy 6082. Initially, the effect of heat treatments such as solution treatment and ageing of this alloy was studied. The residual stress measurements were carried out using x-ray diffraction. The microstructure of the alloy was studied by optical microscopy. The crystallographic texture was determined using x-ray diffraction and back-scattered electron diffraction. The heat treatment sequence that resulted in the highest hardness of Al alloy 6082 was solution treatment at 560ºC for 30 min, followed by ageing at 185ºC for 5 h. The residual stress in compression of the extruded alloy’s surface increased by 87.38%, from -66.6 to -124.8 MPa, caused by shot peening. The residual stress profile indicated an increase in its value up to a depth of 86 μm, beyond which the values obtained were unreliable. The extruded section revealed accentuated crystallographic texture in the (111) plane parallel to the cross-section and in the (200) and (220) planes oriented preferentially in the longitudinal direction to extrusion and perpendicular to the (111) plane.

Palavras-Chave: aluminium alloys; magnesium alloys; silicon alloys; shot peening; texture; crystallography; residual stresses; x-ray diffraction; x-ray spectrometers

BORGES, ARNALDO A.C.; ARAUJO, MAYARA C. de; COUTO, ANTONIO A.; LIMA, NELSON B. de; CONTATORI, CHESTER. Evaluation of the residual stress and microstructure of extruded and shot peened aluminum alloy 6082. Materials Science Forum, v. 930, p. 507-512, 2018. DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.930.507. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/29277. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: The study of corrosion of magnesium and its alloys has emerged a hot topic in the applications of lightweight structural materials. The inherently high electrochemical activity of bare magnesium surfaces still lacks a convincing mechanism to describe the observed experimental characteristics, and it has prompted the development of various types of protective coatings with the aim of slowing metal dissolution. In recent years, new instruments and techniques have been developed to study with spatial resolution the local corrosion processes that occur in metallic materials in general, and for magnesium and its alloys in particular, both for bare surfaces and coated. Scanning microelectrochemical techniques, such as local electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (LEIS), scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM), scanning vibrating electrode technique (SVET), scanning ion-selective electrode technique (SIET) and scanning Kelvin probe (SKP) can provide information about the local electrochemical activity of metallic surfaces. In the present work, the applications of these techniques in corrosion studies of magnesium and its alloys are reviewed. Assessment of corrosion mechanisms, barrier properties of conventional coatings and active corrosion behavior of self-healing coatings are examined. Limitations and future developments in this area are discussed.

Palavras-Chave: corrosion; magnesium alloys; electrochemistry; electrochemical corrosion

OLIVEIRA, MARA C.L. de; SILVA, REJANE M.P. da; SOUTO, RICARDO M.; ANTUNES, RENATO A. Investigating local corrosion processes of magnesium alloys with scanning probe electrochemical techniques: a review. Journal of Magnesium and Alloys, v. 10, n. 11, p. 2997-3030, 2022. DOI: 10.1016/j.jma.2022.09.024. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/33580. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: Microstructure characteristics of two high-strength aluminum alloys, the 2024-T3 Al–Cu–Mg, and the new generation Al–Cu–Li alloy 2198, in the T8 and T851 tempers, were investigated in this study. For this purpose, microstructural and statistical analyses were carried out. The results showed equiaxed grains for the 2024-T3 and 2198-T851 alloys, whereas, elongated grains for the 2198-T8. Besides, the 2198-T851 alloy displayed slip bands in the grains due to the stretching stage, “51”. The 2024-T3 alloy showed at least two types of constituent particles, Al–Cu–Mg and Al–Cu–Mn–Fe–(Si); whereas Al–Cu–Li alloys showed only one type, Al–Cu–Fe, in their composition. Statistical analyses showed that the percentage of area covered by constituent particles was larger in the 2024-T3 alloy compared to the 2198 in both tempers, T8 and T851. On the other hand, the Al–Cu–Li alloys showed higher microhardness values relatively to the Al–Cu one. The differences among the nanometric phases present in Al–Cu and Al–Cu–Li alloys were analyzed by transmission electron microscopy. All the results were related to the different chemical composition and industrial thermomechanical processing of each alloy.

Palavras-Chave: alloys; microstructure; aluminium alloys; copper alloys; magnesium alloys; lithium alloys; statistics; systems analysis; corrosion; corrosion resistant alloys; scanning electron microscopy; transmission electron microscopy; nanoparticles

ARAUJO, JOAO V. de S.; MILAGRE, MARIANA X.; FERREIRA, RAPHAEL O.; MACHADO, CARULINE de S.C.; ABREU, CAIO P. de; COSTA, ISOLDA. Microstructural characteristics of the Al alloys: the dissimilarities among the 2XXX alloys series used in aircraft structures. Metallography, Microstructure, and Analysis, v. 9, n. 5, p. 744-758, 2020. DOI: 10.1007/s13632-020-00688-5. Disponível em: http://200.136.52.105/handle/123456789/31646. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: Currently, magnesium alloys are gaining great interest for medical applications due to their degrading properties in the human body ensuring a great biocompatibility. These alloys also provide profitable mechanical properties due similarities with human bone. However, a difficulty in applying these materials in the biomaterials industries is the corrosion prior to cell healing. The effect of the chemical composition of Mg alloys on their corrosion behavior is well known. In this study, samples of AZ31 magnesium alloy were cut into chips for elemental chemical analysis by neutron activation analysis (NAA). Concentrations of the elements As, La, Mg, Mn, Na, Sb and Zn were determined in the AZ31 alloy. Visualization tests of agar corrosion development in various media, of 0.90% sodium chloride solution (mass), phosphate buffer saline (PBS) and simulated body fluid (SBF) were performed. Visualizations of the effect of agar gel corrosion revealed pH variation during the corrosion process due to the released into the cathode. The highest released of hydroxyl ions occurred in NaCl solution compared to PBS and SBF solutions indicating that NaCl solution was much more aggressive to the alloy compared to the others.

Palavras-Chave: magnesium alloys; implants; corrosion; neutron activation analysis; sodium chlorides; chemical analysis

SILVA, CAIO A.J. da; BRAGUIN, LILIAN N.M.; BERBEL, LARISSA O.; VIVEIROS, BARBARA V.G.; ROSSI, J.L.; SAIKI, M.; COSTA, I. Study of ph effect on AZ31 magnesium alloy corrosion for using in temporary implants. International Journal of Advances In Medical Biotechnology, v. 3, n. 2, p. 15-22, 2020. DOI: 10.52466/ijamb.v3i2.72. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/32594. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: This work investigates the effect of current density on the surface chemistry, film morphology, cytotoxic response, global and local electrochemical behaviors of AZ31B alloy anodized in 1.0 M NaOH + 0.5 M Na2SiO3 solution. Three different current densities, namely 5, 10 and 20 mA cm−2 were tested. The surface morphology and thickness of the anodized layers were examined by scanning electron microscopy. The surface chemical states were assessed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The corrosion resistance was evaluated in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) based on electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and potentiodynamic polarization measurements. The use of scanning probe techniques with physicochemical resolution, the scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) and the scanning Kelvin probe (SKP), allowed the best corrosion behavior to be assigned to the sample anodized using a current density of 20 mA cm−2. Altogether, these methods allowed to establish that the anodizing current density imposed to the magnesium alloy had a major effect on the morphology and composition of the surface layers, and produced changes in their electrochemical behavior. In vitro cytotoxicity tests using the MTS assay demonstrated that the good biocompatibility of the AZ31B magnesium alloy was not damaged by the surface layers formed during the anodization treatment.

Palavras-Chave: surfaces; chemistry; magnesium alloys; anodization; heat treatments; corrosion resistance; antimitotic drugs; toxicity; scanning electron microscopy

OLIVEIRA, LEANDRO A. de; SILVA, REJANE M.P. da; RODAS, ANDREA C.D.; SOUTO, RICARDO M.; ANTUNES, RENATO A. Surface chemistry, film morphology, local electrochemical behavior and cytotoxic response of anodized AZ31B magnesium alloy. Journal of Materials Research and Technology, v. 9, n. 6, p. 14754-14770, 2020. DOI: 10.1016/j.jmrt.2020.10.063. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/31800. Acesso em: $DATA.

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