Abstract: This study aims to characterize the artificial peloid obtained by maturing bentonite and montmorillonite with Águas de Lindóia, Poços de Caldas and Peruíbe water for three months. The pH, moisture, organic matter content, loss on ignition and swelling power of matured and non-matured samples were measured for physicochemical characterization. The elemental concentration was determined by instrumental neutron activation analysis. Results showed that pH, moisture (%) and LOI (%) at 1000 ºC did not change after maturation for all samples and an increase in the organic matter (%) was noted for all samples, mainly in the peloids treated with Peruíbe sea water. The concentration of As, Ba, Br, Ca, Ce, Co, Cr, Cs, K, La, Na, Yb and Zn has changed after the maturation process in both clays and the Br and Na concentration has changed in both clays when matured with sea water from Peruíbe.

Palavras-Chave: bentonite; montmorillonite; water pollution; silicates; ph value; mineral springs; brazil

TORRECILHA, J.K.; LAZZERINI, F.T.; SILVA, P.S.C. Bentonite and montmorillonite maturation with Águas de Lindóia, Peruíbe and Poços de Caldas waters. Brazilian Journal of Radiation Sciences, v. 7, n. 2A, p. 1-16, 2019. DOI: 10.15392/bjrs.v7i2A.670. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/29956. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: Plastic pellets are granules of different polymers used in the manufacture of various plastic products. Plastic pellets can reach the environment due to losses after their manufacturing process, especially the transportation. Loading in harbour areas and transport by ships are the main sources of plastic pellets to the ocean and coastal areas. After pellets reach the environment, they may adsorb and concentrate chemicals contaminants from different sources. Moreover, the weathering of plastic pellets may result in color changes, from white to brownish. This study aimed to analyse the color pattern of pellets collected on beaches of the central coast of São Paulo, Brazil, as an indicator of weathering and ageing processes. Plastic pellets were collected in four sampling surveys conducted between April 2012 and September 2015, and then separated in five color groups: white, yellowish, orange, brown, and pigmented. All sampled beaches had a consistent pattern of light-toned pellets (white and yellowish). This pattern was also found over time, suggesting a constant supply of plastic pellets to the beaches, coming from the harbour area. We also recommend the use of the color pattern of plastic pellets in citizen science monitoring programs.

Palavras-Chave: microplastics; polymers; pellets; plastics; environmental impacts; water pollution; coastal waters; color

MENDES, GABRIEL I.; GIMILIANI, GIOVANA T.; NOBRE, CAIO R.; TAKADA, HIDESHIGE; FONTES, ROBERTO F.C.; ABESSA, DENIS M. de S. Can the colors of beach-stranded plastic pellets in beaches provide additional information for the environmental monitoring?: A case study around the Port of Santos, Brazil. International Aquatic Research, v. 14, n. 1, p. 23-40, 2022. DOI: 10.22034/IAR.2022.1943050.1205. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/33175. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: The concentrations of Platinum (Pt), Rhodium (Rh) and Palladium (Pd) were evaluated from a highly impacted estuary in Brazil influenced by industrial pole, highway traffic and sewage outfall. The Santos-São Vicente region presents important economic activities derived from a largest harbor of Latin America and an industrial pole surrounded by intensive highway traffic. Values of Rh varied from 0.08 to 1.7 ng g−1 with highest values at stations impacted by domestic waste. Pt ranged from 0.15 to 40.3 ng g−1 with highest concentrations located close to the ferryboat traffic. Pd levels varied from 1.05 to 22.0 ng g−1 with values >5 ng g−1 in 50% of the stations. The spatial distribution of PGEs was not always directly associated with muddy sediments, because high PGE levels found even in sandy sediments. Pollution indexes, including anthropogenic factor (AF), geoaccumulation index (Igeo), Enrichment factor (EF), and Pollution Load Index (PLI) were used for evaluating contaminant potential. Based on EF, Igeo, and PLI, 50% of samples of the sediments from Santos-São Vicente Estuarine System (SSV) were classified with significant to strong PGE contamination. All stations on the Santos Channel (SC), São Vicente Channel (SVC) and Bertioga Channel (BC) had AF higher than 80% in at least one of PGE elements, as showed in station 2A, which presented AF <50% for Rh and Pd and 86% for Pt. Despite high anthropogenic enrichment, no correlations among PGE elements were observed in surface sediments. Only two stations presented Pd/Pt, Pt/Rh, and Pd/Rh typical ratios of auto catalyst (st. 14 and Piaçaguera) both located in the vicinity of highways. This could be due to the PGE deposition process in road dust, soil, and water as well as the biogeochemical cycling of PGEs involving organic metallic and inorganic complexes formed in the estuarine and seawaters.

Palavras-Chave: estuaries; sediments; indexes; environment; coastal regions; water pollution; coastal waters; platinum; rhodium; palladium; chemical composition

BERBEL, GLAUCIA B.B.; HORTELLANI, MARCOS A.; SARKIS, JORGE E. de S.; CHIOZZINI, VITOR G.; FAVARO, DEBORAH I.T.; SUTTI, BRUNO O.; SAKAZAKI, NIXON C.; BRAGA, ELISABETE de S. Emerging contaminants (Rh, Pd, and Pt) in surface sediments from a Brazilian subtropical estuary influenced by anthropogenic activities. Marine Pollution Bulletin, v. 163, p. 1-13, 2021. DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111929. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/31957. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: The guidelines for the Environmental Risk Assessment (ERA) of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCP) recommend the use of standard ecotoxicity assays and the assessment of endpoints at the individual level to evaluate potential effects of PPCP on biota. However, effects at the sub-individual level can also affect the ecological fitness of marine organisms chronically exposed to PPCP. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the environmental risk of two PPCP in marine sediments: triclosan (TCS) and ibuprofen (IBU), using sub-individual and developmental endpoints. The environmental levels of TCS and IBU were quantified in marine sediments from the vicinities of the Santos submarine sewage outfall (Santos Bay, Sao Paulo, Brazil) at 15.14 and 49.0 ng g(-1), respectively. A battery (n = 3) of chronic bioassays (embryo-larval development) with a sea urchin (Lytechinus variegatus) and a bivalve (Perna perna) were performed using two exposure conditions: sediment-water interface and elutriates. Moreover, physiological stress through the Neutral Red Retention Time Assay (NRRT) was assessed in the estuarine bivalve Mytella charruana exposed to TCS and IBU spiked sediments. These compounds affected the development of L. variegatus and P. perna (75 ng g(-1) for TCS and 15 ng g(-1) for IBU), and caused a significant decrease in M. charruana lysosomal membrane stability at environmentally relevant concentrations (0.08 ng g(-1) for TCS and 0.15 ng g(-1) for IBU). Chemical and ecotoxicological data were integrated and the risk quotient estimated for TCS and IBU were higher than 1.0, indicating a high environmental risk of these compounds in sediments. These are the first data of sediment risk assessment of pharmaceuticals and personal care products of Latin America. In addition, the results suggest that the ERA based only on individual-level and standard toxicity tests may overlook other biological effects that can affect the health of marine organisms exposed to PPCP.

Palavras-Chave: risk assessment; drugs; aquatic ecosystems; germicides; antiseptics; antipyretics; environmental impacts; consumer products; water pollution

PUSCEDDU, F.H.; CHOUERI, R.B.; PEREIRA, C.D.S.; CORTEZ, F.S.; SANTOS, D.R.A.; MORENO, B.B.; SANTOS, A.R.; ROGERO, J.R.; CESAR, A. Environmental risk assessment of triclosan and ibuprofen in marine sediments using individual and sub-individual endpoints. Environmental Pollution, v. 232, p. 274-283, 2018. DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.09.046. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/28841. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: The present study investigated the degradation of levonorgestrel (LNG) and gestodene (GES) through an anodic oxidation process mediated by active chlorine species. The independent variables [LNG]0 and [GES]0, current density (mA cm−2), and [NaCl]0 (mol L−1) were optimized through a response surface methodology (RSM) based on a four-level central composite design (CCD). Specific energy consumption allowed CCD-RSM analysis and optimization. The decay of progestins was followed to verify the kinetics of the anodic degradation process. Chlorine monitoring showed that excess Cl− concentration did not mean high hormones removal, as well as the excess of current density. Central point conditions ([NaCl]0 = 0.07 mol L−1, j = 32.5 mA cm−2, [LNG]0, and [GES]0 1.0 mg L−1) proved to be the best operational option. The performance with real pharmaceutical wastewater confirmed model optimization (2.2 ± 0.2 kWh g−1, with removals of 83.1 ± 0.9% and 75.1 ± 2.8% for LNG and GES, respectively). The selected condition was used for estrogenic activity and acute toxicity assays. The first allowed the identification of the initial estrogenic activity for the mixture of LNG and GES (924 E2-EQ ng L−1). Additionally, the electrochemical process could decrease this environmental parameter by 74.6%. The progestin mixture was classified as acute toxicity to Daphnia similis, with a toxicity unit (TU) of 2.5 100/EC50%. After electrolysis, the hormone solutions reached a fourfold increase in TU value, classified as high acute toxicity.

Palavras-Chave: composite materials; design; progesterone; waste water; drugs; estrogens; hormones; water pollution

JESUS, JULIANA M.S. de; ARGOLO, ALLAN dos S.; TOMINAGA, FLAVIO K.; TAQUEDA, MARIA E.; BILA, DANIELE M.; BORRELY, SUELI I.; TEIXEIRA, ANTONIO C.S.C. Experimental design and bioassays as tools to investigate the impact of anodic oxidation on progestins degradation. Water, v. 15, n. 1, p. 1-18, 2023. DOI: 10.3390/w15010061. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/34006. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: This short note aims to report in detail a preliminary assessment of the concentrations of Cd, Hg and Pb in tissues of blue crabs Callinectes danae collected from the Cananéia-Iguape-Peruíbe estuarine complex (CIP), in the South of São Paulo State coast, Brazil. In October 2014, blue crabs were collected from CIP. Tissues were removed by dissection and metal determination was performed by GF-AAS and CV-AAS. According to statistical analysis, Pb and Cd concentrations in gills were significantly higher than those found in muscles and hepatopancreas, respectively. There were no significant differences in Hg concentrations between samples. Cd, Hg and Pb concentrations in gills and hepatopancreas were lower than those reported in a previous study performed at CIP. However, Cd concentration in hepatopancreas was higher than the Brazilian limit for consumption and new efforts to monitor Cd concentrations in C. danae tissues must be performed.

Palavras-Chave: crabs; environmental impacts; heavy metals; cadmium; mercury; lead; estuaries; aquatic ecosystems; mineral industry; mining; mines; water pollution; toxicity; ecological concentration; environment

BORDON, ISABELLA C.; JOVIANO, WILLIAN R.; MEDEIROS, ALINE M.Z. de; CAMPOS, BRUNO G. de; ARAUJO, GIULIANA S. de; GUSSO-CHOUERI, PALOMA K.; PRETO, MAYRA de F.; FAVARO, DEBORAH I.T.; ABESSA, DENIS M. de S. Heavy metals in tissues of blue crabs Callinectes danae from a subtropical protected estuary influenced by mining residues. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 104, n. 4, p. 418-422, 2020. DOI: 10.1007/s00128-020-02815-y. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/31353. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: Coal Fly ash is a major solid waste from coal-fired power stations. In Brazil, more than 4 million tons per year of fly ash are generated and only 30% is applied as raw material for cement and concrete production. The remaining is disposed in on-site ponds, nearby abandoned or active mine sites and landfills. The inadequate disposal of fly ash may pose a significant risk to the environment due to the possible leaching of hazardous pollutants into the surrounding soil and groundwater. A combination of leaching tests, cytotoxicity and ecotoxicological assays were used in this studyin order toevaluate the possible adverse effects of coal fl y ash in non-target organisms. The sample was collected from coal-fi red power plant located in Southern Brazil and the coal fly ash was submitted to a leaching procedure using USEPA SW 864 Method 1311. The leachate was prepared in six dilutions: 1.56%, 3.12%, 6.25%, 12.5%, 25% and 50%. Acute toxicity tests were performed on NCTC clone 929 (CCIAL-020) culture cells by neutral red uptake cytotoxicity method; acute ecotoxicity usingDaphnia similisand Danio rerio embryos according to ABNT NBR 12713 and OECD 236, respectively were employed. The cytotoxicity index (CI50) obtained was 33%; the EC50of D. similis after 48 h of exposure to the leachate was 7.25% and the LC50of D. rerio after 96 h of exposure was 4.39%. The results of these bioassays indicated toxicity of the coal fly ash leachate toward exposed organisms.

Palavras-Chave: coal; fly ash; ecology; toxicity; combustion products; waste disposal; water pollution; fishes; elutriation; environmental impacts; aquatic organisms; acute exposure; leachates; ore composition

DAMASCENO, K.C.; CAVALCANTE, A.K.; MAZIERO, J.S.; MARTINI, G.A.; ORMENIO, M.B.; MAMEDE, F.C.; MIRANDA, C.S.; CAMPELLO, F.A.; IZIDORO, J.C.; ROGERO, S.O.; FUNGARO, D.A.; LOPES-FERREIRA, M.; ROGERO, J.R. In vitro and in vivo toxicity of coal fly Ash Lechatee. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Contamination, v. 13, n. 1, p. 73-78, 2018. DOI: 10.5132/eec.2018.01.08. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/29946. Acesso em: $DATA.

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