Eventos - Artigos: Recent submissions

  • IPEN-DOC 23799

    LARAIA, LILIAN R. ; SOUSA, WILLY H. . Leveraging and challenging factors in the use of technology road maps in the context of public research institutions. In: TECHNOLOGY MANAGEMENT FOR SOCIAL INNOVATION, September 4-8, 2016, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA. Proceedings... 2016. p. 2691-2703. DOI: 10.1109/picmet.2016.7806682

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  • IPEN-DOC 23821

    MENZEL, F. ; SABUNDJIAN, G. ; DAURIA, F.. BEPU-FSAR: a new paradigm in nuclear reactor safety. In: SAFETY IN REACTOR OPERATIONS, February 12-16, 2017, Vienna, Austria. Proceedings... Brussels, Belgium: European Nuclear Society, 2017.

    Abstract: To perform an entire FSAR based on BEPU (Best Estimated Plus Uncertainty), a homogenization of the analysis is proposed. The first step towards BEPU-FSAR requires identification and characterization of the FSAR parts where the numerical analyses are needed. The next step consists of creating a list of key technological areas where the relations between so-called key disciplines and the key topics are established. Considering the successful applications of BEPU methodology to the Chapter 15 of FSAR performed in the last two decades (Atucha II NPP, Angra 1 and 2), one can conclude that this methodology is feasible, which encourage to extended its range of use to the other technological areas of FSAR (e.g. seismology, radioprotection, etc.), and therefore to demonstrate the industrial worth and interest. The future step of this work will mainly be focused on the propagation of this expertise into the remaining technical areas of FSAR.

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  • IPEN-DOC 23791

    DURAZZO, M. ; CONTUBIA, G. ; SOUZA, J.A.B. ; CARVALHO, E.F.U. de ; RIELLA, H.G. . Development of irradiation targets for 99Mo production by nuclear fission. In: EUROPEAN RESEARCH REACTOR CONFERENCE, March 13-17, 2016, Berlin, Germany. Proceedings... 2016. p. 989-998.

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  • IPEN-DOC 23800

    LEVY, DENISE ; SORDI, GIAN-MARIA A.A. . Educação e comunicação em proteção radiológica: o potencial das tecnologias da informação para o aprimoramento de competências profissionais / Education and communication on radiological protection: the potential value of information technologies to improve professional skills. In: CONGRESSO DE PROTEÇÃO CONTRA RADIAÇÕES DA COMUNIDADE DOS PAÍSES DE LÍNGUA PORTUGUESA, 5., 10-12 de março, 2016, Coimbra, Portugal. Apresentação... Coimbra: Sociedade Portuguesa de Proteção Contra Radiações, 2016.

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  • IPEN-DOC 23788

    CORREA, FELIPE R. ; SORDI, GIAN M.A.A. ; LEVY, DENISE . Evolução da filosofia do sistema de limitação de dose. In: CONGRESSO DE PROTEÇÃO CONTRA RADIAÇÕES DA COMUNIDADE DOS PAÍSES DE LÍNGUA PORTUGUESA, 5., 10-12 de março, 2016, Coimbra, Portugal. Apresentação... Coimbra: Sociedade Portuguesa de Proteção Contra Radiações, 2016.

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  • IPEN-DOC 22887

    ROSTELATO, M.E.C.M. ; SOUZA, C.D. ; ZEITUNI, C.A. ; MATTOS, F.R. ; MARQUES, J.R.O. ; MOURA, J.A. ; FEHER, A. ; COSTA, O.L. ; SOUZA, D.C.B. ; TIEZZI, R. ; RODRIGUES, B.T. ; KARAM JUNIOR, D. . Surface coating and study of metallic cores for radioactive sources production used in cancer treatment. In: INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SUSTAINABLE ENERGY, ENVIRONMENT AND INFORMATION ENGINEERING, March 20-21, 2016, Bangkok, Thailand. Proceedings... 2016. p. 438-441.

    Abstract: Developing new and innovative treatments for cancer is an urgent matter. The National Institute of Cancer estimates that Brazil will have 576,000 new cases of the disease in 2015. Our research group is developing new radioactive seeds to be use in radiotherapy procedures since the early 2000’s. We present the surface study and research for two of our major projects: iodine-125 seeds for prostate, brain and eye cancer treatment and iridium-192 for eyecancer treatment.

    Palavras-Chave: surface coating; surface treatments; neoplasms; therapy; radiation sources; iodine 125; iridium 192

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  • IPEN-DOC 22881

    MONTILLA-ROSERO, E. ; SILVA, A.; JIMENEZ, C.; GUEDES, A.; HOELZEMAN, J.; LOPES, F. ; LANDULFO, E. ; SAAVEDRA, C.. Identification and monitoring of atmospheric particles by multiwavelength Radar Laser in South America. In: LATIN AMERICA OPTICS AND PHOTONICS CONFERENCE, August 22-26, 2016, Medellín, Colombia. Proceedings... Washington, DC, USA: OSA, 2016.

    Abstract: First monitoring LIDAR measurements of tropospheric aerosols in two different places of South America are reported. Characteristics optical parameters were retrieved using inversion algorithms for two coastal cities in the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans.

    Palavras-Chave: atmospheric circulation; radar; lasers; optical radar; air pollution monitoring; humidity control

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  • IPEN-DOC 22886

    ROMANO, REBECA S.G. ; OLIANI, WASHINGTON L. ; PARRA, DUCLERC F. ; LUGAO, ADEMAR B. . Accelerated environmental degradation of gamma irradiated polypropylene and thermal analysis. In: CONGRESSO BRASILEIRO, 10.; E CONGRESSO PAN AMERICANO DE ANÁLISE TÉRMICA E CALORIMETRIA, 4., 17-20 de abril, 2016, São Paulo, SP. Anais... São Paulo: Associação Brasileira de Análise Térmica e Calorimetria, 2016.

    Abstract: Polypropylene (PP) is one of most important plastic commodities in the world. It can be used in many applications due to its relation of outstanding properties at low cost. However, PP has very low environmental degradation rate, therefore the discarded PP can accumulate in the environment. The aim of this study is the degradation control of PP using gamma radiation. Dumbbell samples were manufactured by injection molding and after irradiated using gamma radiation with different doses: 5 kGy, 12.5 kGy and 20 kGy. The irradiated samples were exposed to environmental aging during 90 days and characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TG) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). The dumbbell samples PP 5 kGy, 12.5 kGy and 20 kGy, exposed to environmental aging, showed intense oxidation with presence of surface cracks compared with the PP non-irradiated.

    Palavras-Chave: gamma radiation; calorimetry; comparative evaluations; oxidation; physical radiation effects; radiation doses; thermal gravimetric analysis; polypropylene; sales; surfaces

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  • IPEN-DOC 22884

    PARRA, DUCLERC F. ; LIMA, VINICIUS ; FORSTER, PEDRO L. ; LUGAO, ADEMAR B. . Estudo da estabilidade a UV dos sistemas luminescentes de policarbonato dopado com complexo de európio [Eu(tta)3(H2O)2]. In: CONGRESSO BRASILEIRO, 10.; E CONGRESSO PAN AMERICANO DE ANÁLISE TÉRMICA E CALORIMETRIA, 4., 17-20 de abril, 2016, São Paulo, SP. Anais... São Paulo: Associação Brasileira de Análise Térmica e Calorimetria, 2016.

    Abstract: O Policarbonato foi dopado com complexo de európio III para obter sistemas luminescentes de PCE sobre porcentagens de 1, 2, 5 e 7 %. O polímero luminescente foi então caracterizado e submetido a condições de radiação UV com o intuito de se verificar a estabilidade do sistema polimérico luminescente.

    Palavras-Chave: polycarbonates; stability; europium; luminescence

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  • IPEN-DOC 22880

    MILLAN, NADILA M.; PEREIRA, THAMIRES S.; TANIKOSHI, MARIO B.F.; MASSEI, MARIANA G.R.; MOREIRA, VANIA C.; SEGISMUNDO, NATALIA R.; ORSINI, ROSELY dos R. ; MERCURI, LUCILDES P.; MATOS, JIVALDO do R.. Associação dos resultados de análise térmica e análise química de amostra de dolomita natural. In: CONGRESSO BRASILEIRO, 10.; E CONGRESSO PAN AMERICANO DE ANÁLISE TÉRMICA E CALORIMETRIA, 4., 17-20 de abril, 2016, São Paulo, SP. Anais... São Paulo: Associação Brasileira de Análise Térmica e Calorimetria, 2016.

    Abstract: A dolomita é mineral composto basicamente de carbonatos de magnésio e cálcio que é muito utilizada na indústria devido alta demanda. Dependendo da composição pode ser destinada para aplicações específicas. Esse trabalho tem por objetivo associar aos resultados de análise térmica e análise química visando definir composição dos componentes majoritários e o entendimento do processo de calcinação. Amostras de dolomita in natura e calcinadas foram submetidas a ensaios de TG/DTA e os teores das espécies presentes determinados por Fluorescência de raios X. Os resultados de termogravimetria permitiram evidenciaram que a descarbonatação das espécies MgCO3 e CaCO3 ocorreu na mesma faixa de temperatura. O percentual de CO2 liberado indica a presença de algum componente que é termicamente estável, numa quantidade superior a 10%. A associação dos resultados de TG e de análise química realizada por fluorescência de raios X permitiu inferir que os componentes que não se decompõem termicamente corresponde a MgO e CaO.

    Palavras-Chave: differential thermal analysis; thermal gravimetric analysis; dolomite; decarbonization

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  • IPEN-DOC 22888

    SANTOS, V.J. ; ZAFALON, A.T. ; PARRA, D.F. . Síntese e caracterização de hidrogéis contendo anti-microbiano neomicina. In: CONGRESSO BRASILEIRO, 10.; E CONGRESSO PAN AMERICANO DE ANÁLISE TÉRMICA E CALORIMETRIA, 4., 17-20 de abril, 2016, São Paulo, SP. Anais... São Paulo: Associação Brasileira de Análise Térmica e Calorimetria, 2016.

    Abstract: Hidrogéis são biomateriais poliméricos vastamente utilizados para aplicações biomédicas como sistemas de liberação de fármaco. São materiais altamente hidrofílicos, com uma estrutura molecular reticulada e capacidade de absorver grandes quantidades de fluidos. Em geral hidrogéis são compostos por mais de um polímero sintético ou natural a fim modificar suas propriedades físico-químicas. Estes materiais podem ser produzidos através do uso de radiação ionizante, onde a radiação gama é uma das mais eficientes para a produção desses materiais. O objetivo deste trabalho foi sintetizar membranas de hidrogel a base de poli (N-vinil-2-pirrolidona), polietileno glicol e Agar, contendo antibiótico neomicina. As membranas de hidrogel foram produzidas por radiação gama de fontes de Co60 em doses de 25 kGy. Os hidrogéis foram caracterizados por meio da análise termogravimétrica (TGA) em que se identificou o antibiótico neomicina.

    Palavras-Chave: hydrogels; pvp; pyrrolidones; antibiotics; neomycin; synthesis

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  • IPEN-DOC 22874

    COURROL, LILIA C.; SILVA, MONICA N. da; SICCHIERI, LETICIA B. . Characterization of the europium tetracycline complex as a biomarker for atherosclerosis. In: POPP, JURGEN (Ed.); TUCHIN, VALERY (Ed.); MATTHEWS, DENNIS L. (Ed.); PAVONE, FRANCESCO S. (Ed.) BIOPHOTONICS: PHOTONIC SOLUTIONS FOR BETTER HEALTH CARE, 5th, April 03, 2016, Brussels, Belgium. Proceedings... Bellingham, Washington USA: Society of Photo-optical Instrumentation Engineers, 2016. p. 98872D-1 - 98872D-7. (SPIE Proceedings Series, 9887).

    Abstract: Atherosclerosis is a narrowing of the arteries caused by an increase of atheromatous plaque: material formed by macrophage cells containing cholesterol and fatty acids, calcium and a variable amount of fibrous connective tissue. The elation between vulnerable plaques and cardiovascular events can be determined using plaque biomarkers. In this work, atherosclerotic plaques stained with different molar ratios of europium, in a potential plaque biomarker, europium tetracycline complex, were studied by fluorescence microscopy. The tetracycline antibiotic used was chlortetracycline. The growth of atherosclerotic plaque was followed during 60 days in New Zealand rabbits divided in two groups: an experimental group (EG), with nine animals and a control group (CG) with three animals. The animals in the EG received a diet with 1% of cholesterol and the animals of GC received a normal diet. The aortic arch of the animals with 60 days were cut in the vertical plane in 6 μm thick slices, which were mounted on glass slides and stained with hematoxylin an eosin and europium chlortetracycline complex (EuCTc). The fluorescence images were obtained exciting the EuCTc absorption band with a filter cube D (BP 355 – 425) and the emission was collected with a LP 470 suppression filter. Light intensity, detector gain and acquisition time were fixed for comparisons. The 20× magnified images were collected with 12 bit (or 4096 gray tones) resolution. The mean value of gray scale for each molar ratio of EuCTc was different, indicating that the complex interacts with the components of atherosclerotic plaque and the best molar ratio was 1.5 EuCTc. These results indicate the potential use of the EuCTc biomarker for atherosclerotic plaque characterization.

    Palavras-Chave: arteriosclerosis; vascular diseases; europium; tetracyclines; biological markers

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  • IPEN-DOC 22873

    CASTRO, MAYSA C. de ; XAVIER, MARCOS ; SILVA, NATALIA F. ; CALDAS, LINDA V.E. . Comparação entre duas câmaras de ionização do tipo lápis com comprimento de volume sensível de 30 cm / Comparison between two pencil-type ionization chambers with sensitive volume length of 30 cm. In: CONGRESSO BRASILEIRO DE METROLOGIA DAS RADIAÇOES IONIZANTES, 3., 21-23 de novembro, 2016, Rio de Janeiro, RJ. Anais... 2016. p. 1-4.

    Abstract: A tomografia computadorizada (CT) vem crescendo devido aos avanços da tecnologia dos equipamentos, proporcionando uma dose maior no paciente, em relação aos demais exames de radiodiagnóstico, levando a uma preocupação com os pacientes. A dosimetria em CT é realizada com uma câmara de ionização do tipo lápis com comprimento de volume sensível de 10 cm. Os estudos têm mostrado a subestimação dos valores de dose. Foram desenvolvidas neste trabalho duas câmaras de ionização com comprimentos de volume sensível de 30 cm, que foram submetidas aos testes principais de caracterização, obtendo-se resultados dentro dos limites recomendáveis internacionalmente.

    Palavras-Chave: comparative evaluations; ionization chambers; accuracy; computerized tomography; calibration; radiation doses; dosimetry; beams

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  • IPEN-DOC 22871

    ALVARENGA, TALLYSON S. ; FEDERICO, CLAUDIO A.; VALERIANO, CAIO C.S. ; CALDAS, LINDA V.E. . Determinação da radiação espalhada no laboratório de calibração com nêutrons do IPEN / Determination of the scattered radiation at the neutron calibration laboratory of IPEN. In: CONGRESSO BRASILEIRO DE METROLOGIA DAS RADIAÇOES IONIZANTES, 3., 21-23 de novembro, 2016, Rio de Janeiro, RJ. Anais... 2016. p. 1-5.

    Abstract: Com o aumento do uso de técnicas que utilizam radiação de nêutrons, houve um crescimento considerável no número de detectores para esse tipo de radiação. Foi projetado um laboratório de calibração de detectores com nêutrons (241AmBe). Nas situações práticas neste tipo de laboratório, um dos problemas principais está relacionado ao conhecimento da radiação espalhada. Com o intuito de avaliar esta radiação espalhada, foram realizadas simulações sem a presença dos elementos estruturais e com a sala completa. Foram avaliados quatorze pontos de medições em direções diferentes a várias distâncias.

    Palavras-Chave: scattering; radiation protection; monte carlo method; radiation scattering analysis; calibration; dosimetry; brazilian cnen

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  • IPEN-DOC 22870

    ALMEIDA, JAMILLE da S. ; KOSKINAS, MARINA F. ; MARQUES, CAIO P. ; MOREIRA, DENISE S. ; DIAS, MAURO da S. . Impurity determination in 153Sm by means of a High Purity Germanium spectrometer. In: CONGRESSO BRASILEIRO DE METROLOGIA DAS RADIAÇOES IONIZANTES, 3., 21-23 de novembro, 2016, Rio de Janeiro, RJ. Anais... 2016. p. 1-5.

    Abstract: Neste trabalho, a impureza radionuclídica de longa duração 152Eu, presente na solução de 153Sm, foi medida por meio de um espectrômetro de HPGe, calibrado na faixa de energia entre 81 e 1408 keV por meio de soluções padronizadas em ampolas seladas de 60Co, 133Ba, 137Cs e 152Eu. A razão entre as atividades do 152Eu e do 153Sm resultou 5,2x10-6. Este valor é menor que o limite estabelecido pelo controle de qualidade.

    Palavras-Chave: europium 152; gamma spectroscopy; high-purity ge detectors; impurities; quality control; samarium 153

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  • IPEN-DOC 22869

    ALGARVE, FABIO J. ; CALDAS, LINDA V.E. . Verificação da influência do suporte de pastilhas na resposta TL do BeO / Verification of the influence of the pellet support cover on the TL response of BeO. In: CONGRESSO BRASILEIRO DE METROLOGIA DAS RADIAÇOES IONIZANTES, 3., 21-23 de novembro, 2016, Rio de Janeiro, RJ. Anais... 2016. p. 1-4.

    Abstract: O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar a influência da tampa do suporte de pastilhas de um dispositivo dosimétrico na resposta termoluminescente (TL) do BeO, considerando que ele poderia causar uma atenuação no feixe. Entretanto, os resultados demonstraram que o dispositivo testado não é sensível à influência da referida tampa. Portanto, a utilização deste suporte no dispositivo dosimétrico empregado não altera a resposta TL no estudo das características dosimétricas do BeO.

    Palavras-Chave: beryllium oxides; dosimetry; attenuation; thermoluminescence; radiation detection; beams; pellets

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  • IPEN-DOC 22882

    NUNES, M.G. ; VILLANI, D. ; ALMEIDA, S.B. ; VIVOLO, V. ; YORIYAZ, H. ; LOUIS, G.M.J.. Resposta de Microcubos de TLD-100TM a dois feixes de qualidade RQR3. In: CONGRESSO BRASILEIRO DE METROLOGIA DAS RADIAÇOES IONIZANTES, 3., 21-23 de novembro, 2016, Rio de Janeiro, RJ. Anais... 2016. p. 1-4.

    Abstract: A resposta de microcubos de TLD-100TM a dois feixes de qualidade RQR 3, definida pela norma IEC-61267, é comparada para que a dependência da resposta do TLD-100TM com a energia efetiva do feixe de radiação X reportada na literatura seja avaliada nessas condições. A reprodutibilidade dos microcubos de TLD-100TM é avaliada através da resposta de um segundo conjunto de dosímetros, obtida em uma segunda leitora, ao feixe implementado no Laboratório de Calibração de Instrumentos do IPEN. A dependência da resposta com a energia efetiva ou o espectro do feixe não foi detectada e a reprodutibilidade das medidas é de 90,2%.

    Palavras-Chave: beams; calibration; international electrotechnical commission; lithium fluorides; radiation dose units; thermoluminescent dosemeters; x radiation

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  • IPEN-DOC 22879

    MARQUES, CAIO P. ; KOSKINAS, MARINA F. ; ALMEIDA, JAMILLE da S. ; YAMAZAKI, IONE M. ; DIAS, MAURO da S. . Standardization of 32P radioactive solution. In: CONGRESSO BRASILEIRO DE METROLOGIA DAS RADIAÇOES IONIZANTES, 3., 21-23 de novembro, 2016, Rio de Janeiro, RJ. Anais... 2016. p. 1-6.

    Abstract: The standardization of 32P radioactive solution using three different methods is presented. The disintegration rate was determined by the CIEMAT/NIST and TDCR methods in liquid scintillator systems and self-absorption extrapolation method using PC) system. The results obtained for the activity of the 32P solution were compared and they agree within the experimental uncertainties.

    Palavras-Chave: liquid scintillators; phosphorus 32; radiation protection; radioactivity; standardization

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  • IPEN-DOC 22885

    POLO, IVON O. ; ANTONIO, PATRICIA de L. ; CALDAS, LINDA V.E. . Análise da resposta de uma câmara de extrapolação pelo método de Monte Carlo. In: CONGRESSO BRASILEIRO DE METROLOGIA DAS RADIAÇOES IONIZANTES, 3., 21-23 de novembro, 2016, Rio de Janeiro, RJ. Anais... 2016. p. 1-9.

    Abstract: São apresentados os resultados da simulação de uma câmara de extrapolação com duas janelas de entrada diferentes usando o método de Monte Carlo MCNP. Foi analisada a variação da resposta da câmara, em função da distância fonte-detector em feixes de radiação beta. Foram determinados o fluxo de partículas que passaram através de cada janela, a fluência de partículas na cavidade e a taxa de dose absorvida no tecido para a distância fonte-detector de 30 cm. Os resultados das simulações estão dentro dos intervalos das incertezas associadas e em concordância com os valores experimentais e os valores do certificado de calibração.

    Palavras-Chave: monte carlo method; extrapolation chambers; beta sources; radiation sources; beta spectra; measuring instruments

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  • IPEN-DOC 22684

    SILVA, NATALIA F. ; CINTRA, FELIPE B. ; CASTRO, MAYSA C. de ; CALDAS, LINDA V.E. . Determinação do fator de correção para atenuação no ar para uma câmara de ionização de ar livre / Determination of the air attenuation correction factor for a free air ionization chamber. In: CONGRESSO BRASILEIRO DE METROLOGIA DAS RADIAÇOES IONIZANTES, 3., 21-23 de novembro, 2016, Rio de Janeiro, RJ. Anais... 2016. p. 1-7.

    Abstract: Este trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar os resultados obtidos experimentalmente e por simulação para o fator de correção da atenuação no ar de uma câmara de ionização de ar livre de cilindros concêntricos Victoreen, modelo 481- 5. Este fator de correção foi obtido para as qualidades padronizadas de mamografia, estabelecidas no Laboratório de Calibração de Instrumentos (LCI) do IPEN. Os valores obtidos foram comparados com os resultados do laboratório padrão primário alemão Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), obtendo-se diferenças máximas de 0,40% para o valor experimental e de 0,31% para o valor simulado.

    Palavras-Chave: attenuation; beams; comparative evaluations; energy dependence; ionization chambers; radiative corrections; x radiation

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  • IPEN-DOC 22686

    SILVA JUNIOR, IREMAR A. ; SIQUEIRA, PAULO de T.D. ; NACIMENTO, EDUARDO; VIVOLO, VITOR ; POTIENS, MARIA da P.A. . Comparação entre duas metodologias para correção da uniformidade de fontes extensas de referência. In: CONGRESSO BRASILEIRO DE METROLOGIA DAS RADIAÇOES IONIZANTES, 3., 21-23 de novembro, 2016, Rio de Janeiro, RJ. Anais... 2016. p. 1-6.

    Abstract: São apresentados neste artigo os procedimentos para obtenção de fatores de correção de uniformidade de fontes extensas de referência sugeridos por duas metodologias distintas. A primeira metodologia é apresentada pelo Guia de Boas Práticas do Nº 14 do NPL, que oferece uma correção numérica e a segunda é uma correção que utiliza o código de transporte de radiação, MCNP5. Ambos os métodos resultam na proposição de valores de correções muito similares percentualmente, com desvio máximo de 0,24%.

    Palavras-Chave: carbon 14; comparative evaluations; corrections; iso; monte carlo method; radiation protection; radiation sources

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  • IPEN-DOC 23751

    VILLANI, D. ; ALMEIDA, S.B. ; CAMPOS, L.L. . Caracterização de dosímetros de Al2O3:C para dosimetria de fótons utilizando a técnica OSL. In: CONGRESSO BRASILEIRO DE METROLOGIA DAS RADIAÇOES IONIZANTES, 3., 21-23 de novembro, 2016, Rio de Janeiro, RJ. Anais... 2016. p. 1-6.

    Abstract: A dosimetria opticamente estimulada (OSL) tem ganhado destaque em aplicações clínicas e acadêmicas no Brasil. Nesse trabalho, são apresentados resultados da caracterização OSL dos dosímetros de Al2O3:C (TLD-500) fabricados pela Rexon™ Components and TLD Systems em uma leitora RISØ, modelo TL/OSL-DA-20 para dosimetria de feixes de fótons de energias altas. Todos os parâmetros da leitora, e suas variações foram avaliados.

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  • IPEN-DOC 22866

    FLORIO, D.Z. de; FONSECA, F.C. ; FRANÇA, Y.V. ; BERTON, M.A.C.; GARCIA, C.M.; MUCCILLO, E.N.S. ; MUCCILLO, R. . Fabricação e testes de célula a combustível de óxido sólido suportada no anodo / Fabrication and tests of anode supported solid oxide fuel cell. In: CONGRESSO BRASILEIRO DE ENGENHARIA E CIENCIA DOS MATERIAIS, 17., 15-19 de novembro, 2006, Anais... 2006. p. 1083-1094.

    Abstract: A fabricação e os testes de células unitárias de óxido sólido suportadas no anodo são descritos. As células unitárias foram fabricadas por técnicas de baixo custo e foi dada ênfase ao uso de materiais disponíveis no Brasil. O projeto consistiu na preparação dos materiais componentes -anodo, eletrólito e catodo- e na construção de uma câmara porta-amostra estanque para medidas de propriedades eletroquímicas das células unitárias. Células cerâmicas suportadas no anodo do tipo: anodo (ZrO2:Y2O3 + NiO) / eletrólito (ZrO2:Y2O3) / catodo (La0.65Sr0.35MnO3 + ZrO2:Y2O3), foram preparadas pelo método de recobrimento de barbotina (slurry coating) e testadas entre 600º C e 800ºC após redução in situ do anodo. Os principais resultados mostram que o método de deposição resultou em célula unitária com boa reprodutibilidade e desempenho razoável, indicando que este método pode ser desenvolvido para fabricação de células de óxidos sólidos.

    Palavras-Chave: solid oxide fuel cells; electrochemical cells; electrochemistry; anodes

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  • IPEN-DOC 22865

    COSTA, F.A.; ISHII, H.A. ; AMBROZIO FILHO, F. ; LIMA, N.B. ; SILVA, A.G.P.; GOMES, U.U.. Estrutura e densificação de um pó compósito W-25%Ag preparado por moagem de alta energia e sinterizado em estado sólido / Structure and densification of a W-25wt%Ag composite powder prepared by high energy milling and sintered in solid state. In: CONGRESSO BRASILEIRO DE ENGENHARIA E CIENCIA DOS MATERIAIS, 17., 15-19 de novembro, 2006, Foz do Iguaçu, PR. Anais... 2006. p. 4193-4202.

    Abstract: As pseudoligas W-Ag usadas em contatos elétricos são produzidas por sinterização de mistura de pós de W e Ag, seguidas por prensagem a quente e laminação das peças sinterizadas para aumentar a densidade. A moagem de alta energia é usada para preparar pós compósitos devido a boa dispersão e a fina granulação que ela pode produzir. Ambas características melhoram a sinterização. Este trabalho investiga o efeito da técnica usada para preparar o pó W-25%Ag na densificação e estrutura do material sinterizado. Misturas de pós de W e Ag foram preparadas em um misturador e em um moinho planetário por 110 horas. Uma redução significante do tamanho de cristalito foi medida por DRX para ambas as fases W (13.05nm) e Ag (8.34nm). O cobalto foi detectado como contaminante após a moagem pelo EDS e XRF. As estruturas sinterizadas foram observadas sob microscópios ótico e eletrônico de varredura. Amostra sinterizada a 950°C por 5min. apresentou 77% de densidade relativa e 42% de densificação. Por outro lado, amostra sinterizada preparada com pó misturado alcançou somente 57% de densidade relativa e 4,7% de densificação.

    Palavras-Chave: sintering; solids; milling; energy range; composite materials

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  • IPEN-DOC 22864

    FERREIRA, LEONARDO C.; RODRIGUES, JOSE de A.; BERNARDI, LAURO T.; BALDO, JOAO B.; BRESSIANI, JOSE C. . Reaction behavior of magnesium orthotitanate and calcium titanate with compounds of portland cement and their use in a chrome-free refractory. In: PROCEEDINGS OF UNIFIED INTERNATIONAL TECHNICAL CONFERENCE ON REFRACTORIES; BIENNIAL WORLDWIDE CONGRESS, 10th, September 18-21, 2007, Dresden, Germany. Proceedings... Westerville, Ohio: American Ceramic Society, 2006, 2007. p. 581-584.

    Abstract: In this work magnesium orthotitanate (Mg2TiO4) and calcium titanate (CaTiO3) were submitted individually to a reaction with CaO, Ca2SiO4, Ca3SiO5, Ca3Al2O6 and Ca4Al2Fe2O10 in an electric furnace at 1450°C for 2.5 hours. The powder X-ray diffraction analysis revealed the formation of calcium titanate during the reaction of magnesium orthotitanate with most of the Portland cement phases. By other hand, calcium titanate was not affected when in contact with Portland cement phases. These results opened a great possibility in exploring both phases in a new chromefree refractory. In a second step of this research, a magnesia-magnesium orthotitanate-calcium titanate refractory brick was produced and compared with a standard magnesia-spinel refractory brick. Both formulations were evaluated in thermal spalling resistance test, apparent porosity, bulk density, true specific gravity, water absorption, total porosity, chemical analysis, elastic modulus, thermal expansion coefficient and coating adherence test associated with scanning electronic microscopy. Refractories of magnesia-magnesium orthotitanate-calcium titanate system presented excellent coat adherence result maintaining the same level of thermal spalling resistance when compared with a standard magnesiaspinel refractory.

    Palavras-Chave: building materials; portland cement; magnesium; calcium; titanates; refractories; bricks

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  • IPEN-DOC 22863

    SANTOS, CARLOS A.X.; HAYAKAWA, MOTOZO; BRESSIANI, JOSE C. . 3Y-TZP/Si2N2O composite obtained by pressureless sintering. In: INTERNATIONAL LATIN-AMERICAN CONFERENCE ON POWDER TECHNOLOGY, 6th, November 07-10, 2007, Búzios, RJ. Proceedings... 2007. p. 714-721.

    Abstract: Y-TZP presents excellent properties at room temperature but these properties decrease as the temperature increases. This paper studies the behavior 20vol%Si3N4-SiC when added in YTZP matrix and heated under no pressure system. Al2O3 and Y2O3 were used to maintain the stability of the matrix and as sintering aids. The addition of Si3N4 and SiC in a Y-TZP matrix leads to formation of silicon oxynitride and it increases the mechanical properties like toughness and hardness. The mixture was milled and molded by CIP. Samples were heated at 1500ºC, 1600ºC and 1700ºC for 2h without pressure under atmospheric conditions in bed-powders of Si3N4. Samples were characterized by XRD. Density, hardness, toughness, bending strength were measured. The structure of the material was observed in SEM/EPMA to verify the distribution of the materials in the composite. The formation of Si2N2O was observed in the sintered material and it showed an increment of both hardness and toughness as temperature increases. The samples presented considerable resistance of oxidation at 1000ºC.

    Palavras-Chave: composite materials; experimental data; fracture properties; silicon carbides; silicon nitrides; sintering; temperature dependence; temperature range 1000-4000 k; tetragonal lattices; vickers hardness; yttrium oxides; zirconium oxides

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  • IPEN-DOC 22862

    COSTA, F.A. da ; AMBROSIO FILHO, F.; LIMA, N.B. de ; GOMES, U.U.; ALVES JUNIOR, C.; SILVA, A.G.P. da. Síntese de um pó compósito W-Cu com nanocristalitos de tungstênio usando moagem por bolas de alta energia / Synthesis of a W-Cu composite powder with tungsten nanocristallites by mechanical alloying. In: CONGRESSO BRASILEIRO DE ENGENHARIA E CIENCIA DOS MATERIAIS, 15., 09-13 de novembro, 2002, Natal, RN. Anais... 2002. p. 2086-2090.

    Abstract: A moagem por bolas de alta energia ou Mechanical Alloying (MA) é um processo de não equilíbrio que tem sido usado para sintetizar e controlar microestruturas altamente refinadas em sistemas metálicos cujo constituinte com a fração de maior volume seja completamente imiscível ou tenha solubilidade limitada no constituinte com a fração de menor volume. Este trabalho discute a síntese de pó, constituído por partícula compósita W-Cu, estando o W na forma de nanocristais, em moagem com moinho planetário durante 51 horas. A evolução da forma e tamanho das partículas e do tamanho dos cristalitos de tungstênio foi acompanhada. A influência do tamanho das partículas do pó de cobre no tamanho das partículas compósitas e no refinamento da fase frágil (W) é investigada. Moagens a seco e com uso de álcool etílico foram realizadas para se investigar o efeito do meio de moagem na morfologia e tamanho das partículas e na dispersão dos constituintes. A forma, o tamanho e a dispersão das fases são analisados por microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV). O tamanho dos cristalitos de tungstênio é medido por difração de raios X (DRX) e a presença de contaminantes é observada através de espectroscopia por energia dispersiva (EDS).

    Palavras-Chave: composite materials; tungsten; mechanical properties; milling; temperature range; synthesis

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  • IPEN-DOC 22861

    COSTA, F.A. da ; AMBROSIO FILHO, F.; LIMA, N.B. de ; GOMES, U.U.; ALVES JUNIOR, C.; SILVA, A.G.P. da; RODRIGUES, D.. Comportamento de densificação do pó compósito W-Cu constituído por nanocristalitos de tungstênio / Densification of a composite W-Cu powder constituted of nanocrystalline tungsten. In: CONGRESSO BRASILEIRO DE ENGENHARIA E CIENCIA DOS MATERIAIS, 15., 09-13 de novembro, 2002, Natal, RN. Anais... 2002. p. 2020-2026.

    Abstract: A densificação do compósito W-Cu é dificultada pela mútua insolubilidade do sistema tungstênio-cobre e pela baixa molhabilidade do tungstênio pelo cobre líquido. Apesar disso, o uso de pós compósitos W-Cu produzidos por moagem com bolas de alta energia (MBAE), que obtém alta dispersão e homogeneização das fases e constituídos por nanocristalitos de tungstênio, pode produzir nanoestruturas e densidades próximas à densidade teórica. Este trabalho discute o comportamento de densificação do pó W30%pCu preparado através de MBAE em moinho planetário durante 51 horas. O pó é constituído por partículas compósitas W-Cu com nanocristalitos de tungstênio. Amostras compactadas desse pó foram sinterizadas em fase sólida e em fase líquida. As microestruturas sinterizadas são analisadas por meio de microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV). O comportamento de densificação é observado através das medidas de densidade. A difração de raio X (DRX) foi usada para se calcular o tamanho de cristalito e a presença de contaminantes é everiguada através de espectroscopia por energia dispersiva (EDS).

    Palavras-Chave: composite materials; powders; sintering; tungsten; nanocrystals

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  • IPEN-DOC 22860

    COSENTINO, I.C. ; MUCCILLO, E.N.S. ; MUCCILLO, R. . Caracterização microestrutural e elétrica de cerâmicas porosas de ZrO2-TiO2 / Microstructural and electrical characterization of porous ZrO2-TiO2 ceramics. In: CONGRESSO BRASILEIRO DE ENGENHARIA E CIENCIA DOS MATERIAIS, 15., 09-13 de novembro, 2002, Natal, RN. Anais... 2002. p. 148-154.

    Abstract: Sensores cerâmicos de umidade do tipo iônico apresentam variação da condutividade elétrica com o aumento da quantidade de água adsorvida fisicamente na superfície do grão, ou da água condensada nos capilares. A sensibilidade à umidade depende fortemente da microestrutura da cerâmica, sua área de superfície e porosidade. Os sensores cerâmicos de umidade devem ser porosos e resistivos eletricamente. Com a finalidade de obter cerâmicas porosas de 50 mol% ZrO2 – 50 mol% TiO2, pós cerâmicos obtidos pela técnica dos citratos foram compactados uniaxialmente e sinterizados a 1150 oC, 1300 oC e 1500 oC. Análises por difração de raios X mostraram que as cerâmicas apresentaram somente a fase ortorrômbica ZrTiO4. Análises de porosimetria por intrusão de mercúrio mostraram que, com o aumento da temperatura de sinterização de 1150 oC para 1500 oC ocorreu uma redução no volume de poros de 62 % para 19 %, com aumento no diâmetro médio desses poros. Por meio de microscopia eletrônica de varredura foi também verificada a redução da porosidade, além de aumento do tamanho de grão. Foram feitas medidas de espectroscopia de impedância em umidades relativas próximas de 85% e 35%, respectivamente. Resultados preliminares mostraram que todas as amostras apresentam sensibilidade à umidade.

    Palavras-Chave: zirconium oxides; titanium oxides; porosity; humidity control; ceramics

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  • IPEN-DOC 22859

    CORREA, E.C.S.; AGUILAR, M.T.P.; SILVA, L.A.; MONTEIRO, W.A. ; CETLIN, P.R.. Alterações subestruturais decorrentes da torção cíclica em amostras de aço 1012 / Substructural changes related to the cyclic torsion of 1012 steel samples. In: CONGRESSO BRASILEIRO DE ENGENHARIA E CIENCIA DOS MATERIAIS, 15., 09-13 de novembro, 2002, Natal, RN. Anais... 2002. p. 2946-2952.

    Abstract: O encruamento atípico de metais durante o processamento cíclico a frio tem levado ao desenvolvimento de uma série de trabalhos, cuja abordagem vai desde os aspectos mecânicos/macroscópicos do fenômeno até as características micro e subestruturais do mesmo. O eventual amaciamento verificado após a aplicação da deformação cíclica tem sido associado ora à reestruturação das discordâncias, ora à formação de bandas de cisalhamento no metal. Neste trabalho, os eventos estruturais observados durante um ciclo de torção em amostras pré-deformadas são investigados. Barras de aço baixo carbono previamente trefiladas são submetidas a ¼, ½ e 1 ciclo de torção. As alterações subestruturais provenientes desses esforços são analisadas através de microscopia eletrônica de transmissão. Os resultados são comparados àqueles observados para o metal trefilado e trefilado torcido ciclicamente – 10 ciclos, tanto em termos de rearranjo de distribuição de discordâncias como em comportamento mecânico à tração subsequente.

    Palavras-Chave: hardening; shear properties; torsion; steels; vickers hardness; metals

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  • IPEN-DOC 22858

    KARSOKAS FILHO, N.; RODRIGUES, D.; TSCHIPTSCHIN, A.P.; AMBROSIO FILHO, F. . Aços inoxidáveis martensíticos alto nitrogênio produzidos por metalurgia do pó – densificação por conformação à frio / Powder metallurgy produced high nitrogen martensitic stainless steel - densification by cold forming. In: CONGRESSO BRASILEIRO DE ENGENHARIA E CIENCIA DOS MATERIAIS, 15., 09-13 de novembro, 2002, Natal, RN. Anais... 2002. p. 2933-2938.

    Abstract: Os aços inoxidáveis com alto teor de nitrogênio conjugam alta resistência mecânica com elevada resistência à corrosão. Como a Metalurgia do Pó é um processo de conformação em estado sólido, tem papel importante na obtenção dessa classe de aços, visto que a solubilidade do nitrogênio é maior no estado sólido. Um problema na adoção desta rota é a existência de porosidade no produto final sinterizado, o que acarreta uma diminuição da resistência a corrosão, comprometendo o desempenho. Es te trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar a possibilidade de reduzir a porosidade através de conformação a frio posterior à sinterização. Para isto, pré-misturas de ferro com nitreto de cromo foram compactadas e sinterizadas em condições ajustadas para manter um teor de nitrogênio superior a 0,4%. As amostras assim confeccionadas foram submetidas a conformação por laminação a frio, onde foram observados vários problemas que serão aqui discutidos. Além disto, discute-se também a evolução da microestrutura durante o processamento.

    Palavras-Chave: stainless steels; martensite; ; nitrogen; powder metallurgy; martensitic steels

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  • IPEN-DOC 22857

    ABDALLA, A.J.; HASHIMOTO, T.M.; MOURA NETO, C.; MONTEIRO, W.A. . Aços polifásicos: ataques químicos e influência das fases / Multiphase steels: chemical etchings and influence of the phases. In: CONGRESSO BRASILEIRO DE ENGENHARIA E CIENCIA DOS MATERIAIS, 15., 09-13 de novembro, 2002, Natal, RN. Anais... 2002. p. 2939-2945.

    Abstract: O presente trabalho discute a formação de microestruturas com diferentes frações volumétricas das fases ferrita, martensita, bainita e austenita retida em aços multifásicos, a partir da aplicação de tratamentos térmicos específicos em aços de baixo carbono (0,11%). Para a caracterização microestrutural são desenvolvidos ataques químicos específicos que permitem distinguir as fases presentes através de observações por microscopia óptica. A avaliação das propriedades mecânicas é feita com base nos resultados dos ensaios de tração. Os resultados experimentais mostram que a realização de tratamentos térmicos apropriados pode contribuir significativamente para aumentar as propriedades mecânicas dos aços. Neste processo é essencial controlar a fração volumétrica, a morfologia e o tamanho de grão das fases.

    Palavras-Chave: microstructure; steels; etching

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  • IPEN-DOC 23773

    SILVA, A.C. ; ALLEGRINI-JUNIOR, S.; OTTONI, C.; MELLO-CASTANHO, S.R.H. ; BRAGA, F.J.C.. Fibras de fosfato de cálcio amorfo para regeneração óssea: a bioatividade potencializada pela morfologia / Amorphous calcium phosphate fiber for bone regeneration: the bioactivity enhanced by morphology. In: CONGRESSO BRASILEIRO DE CERAMICA, 60., 15-18 de maio, 2016, Águas de Lindóia, SP. Anais... 2016. p. 1863-1874.

    Abstract: Amorphous Calcium Phosphate (ACP) is the first mineral phase formed in hard tissues. ACP has low ordering in the crystal lattice compared to other calcium phosphates. The X-ray diffraction pattern is broad and diffuse with a maximum at 250 (2ϴ), being considered as a precursor of well crystallized hydroxyapatite (HA), reference bone grafting material in odontology and medicine. The ACP graft has high capacity to be resorbable and has been widely studied as a filler for bone defects. However, it is rare to find articles where the ACP is presented in the form of fibers and yet always containing silicon. This research paper presents the ACP fibers obtained by the process Hager-Rosengarth, confirming its amorphous condition by means of X-ray diffraction and its capacity of resorption and ability to conduct and formation of new bone tissue proven by test "in vivo" with subsequent analysis by light microscopy. ACP in the form of fibers is considered innovation as a bone grafting material, having already its exclusive rights of patent claimed by a Brazilian company that is which is being funded by CAPES / FINEP in a program of R & D. Keywords: Fiber, Biomaterials, ACP.

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  • IPEN-DOC 23731

    VILLANI, DANIEL ; MANCINI, ANSELMO; HADDAD, CECILIA M.K.; CAMPOS, LETICIA L. . Comparative study of different Al2O3:C dosimeters using OSL technique for dosimetry on Volumetric Modulated Arc Radiotherapy Treatment (VMAT) / Estudo comparativo de diferentes dosímetros de Al2O3:C pela técnica OSL na dosimetria de tratamentos Radioterápicos por Arco Modulado Volumétrico (VMAT). In: CONGRESSO BRASILEIRO DE FÍSICA MÉDICA, 21., 24-27 de agosto, 2016, Florianópolis, SC. Proceedings... 2016. p. 1-5.

    Abstract: In modern radiotherapy, the VMAT technique has become a successful treatment alternative. Due to its complexity, a quality assurance program must be established by evaluating, among other items, the dosimetric factors. This paper aims to compare the performance between the OSL aluminum oxide (Al2O3:C) nanoDot™ dosimeters (Inlight™ system) manufactured by Landauer Inc. and TLD-500 Al2O3:C dosimeters manufactured by Rexon™ for VMAT dosimetry using an anthropomorphic phantom. The results showed that both type of Al2O3:C dosimeters presented good repeatability and agreement between the doses measured and calculated by planning system. However, the need of sophisticated readers to OSL analysis of the TLD-500, turns it less practical for routine usage, comparing to Inlight™ system. Keywords: OSL dosimetry; VMAT; Al2O3:C.

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  • IPEN-DOC 23730

    KIBRIT, EDUARDO ; AQUINO, AFONSO R. de ; MELLO, ADRIANA M. de; NASCIMENTO, PAULO T. de S.. Operações sustentáveis em reatores nucleares de pesquisa – um estudo bibliográfico / Sustainable operations of nuclear research reactors - a bibliographical study. In: ENCONTRO INTERNACIONAL SOBRE GESTÃO EMPRESARIAL E MEIO AMBIENTE, 18., 05-06 de dezembro, 2016, São Paulo, SP. Anais... São Paulo: FEA/USP, 2016. p. 1-32.

    Abstract: Sustainability is gaining prominence in the area of operations management. In a country like Brazil, where nuclear activity is geared towards peaceful purposes, any operating organization of research reactor should emphasize its commitment to social, environmental, and economic aspects. By means of a bibliographical research, we identified in literature sustainable operations carried out by operating organizations of nuclear research reactors. The methodology applied consisted in gathering material, descriptive analysis, selection of analytical categories and evaluation of the material collected. The collection of material was performed by a search made on academic and nuclear databases, with keywords structured for the subject of the research. The collected material was analyzed and analytical categories on the theme sustainable operations were established. The evaluation of the collected material resulted in references accepted for the study, classified according to the pre-established analytical categories. The results were significant. From then on, a theoretical review on the topic under study was structured, based on pre-defined analytical categories. Thus, we were able to identify gaps in the literature and propose new studies on the subject.

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  • IPEN-DOC 23717

    CIONE, FRANCISCO C. ; SOUZA, ARMANDO C. de ; SENE, FRANK F. ; RIZZUTTO, MARCIA de A.; ROSSI, JESUALDO L. . A Study of Production of Tungsten Copper Alloy by Powder Metallurgy, Applied to Radioactive Shielding of Transport Equipment for Pharmaceutical Products. In: EURO PM2015 CONGRESS & EXHIBITION - POWDER METALLURGY FOR CURRENT AND FUTURE APPLICATIONS, September 4-7, 2014, Reims, France. Proceedings... 2015.

    Abstract: Safety is of paramount importance for the storage and transportation of radiopharmaceutical products, being directly dependent on the radiation shielding material used in specific devices. The focus of present work, part of a larger project, is to minimize the use of harmful materials, as lead and depleted uranium, in such devices construction. The radioactive energy reduction varies according to density of material used as shielding. Because Tungsten has a high density and, implicitly, good shielding properties without to be harmful, but has poor workability, researches were focused on Tungsten - copper heavy alloys. The objective of the performed research was the optimization of alloy composition in order to achieve the best linear absorption coefficient. The studied compositions were 15, 20 and 25 wt.% copper. The linear absorption coefficient was similar either for the green and sintered compacts, thus the porosity level did not have measurable effect on the radiation attenuation.

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  • IPEN-DOC 23716

    VASCONCELLOS, MARINA B.A. . Redes de qualidade em laboratórios. In: CONGRESSO INTERNACIONAL: GESTAO DA AGUA E MONITORAMENTO AMBIENTAL, 2., 09-11 de dezembro, 2015, Aracaju, SE. Anais... 2015.

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  • IPEN-DOC 23715

    BARBIERI, CRISTINA ; SARKIS, JORGE E.S.; SAPIN, MARCOS; PERALBA, MARIA do C.R.; MARTINELLI, LUIZ; HORTELLANI, MARCOS A.. An introduction to a multiparameter approach to improve the reliability of environmental crime evidence. In: OSULLIVAN, GWEN (Ed.); MEGSON, DAVID (Ed.) ENVIRONMENTAL FORENSICS : PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2014 INEF CONFERENCE, August 4-6, 2014, ​Cambridge, UK. Proceedings... 2015.

    Abstract: Obtaining sound evidence of environmental pollution crimes is usually challenging in environments impacted by multiple sources. This is particularly true when the situation involves running waters systems and the contaminants discharged by the suspect facility must be searched in stream-bed sediments, which are typically heterogeneous in terms of texture and composition. The heterogeneity reflects on the high variability of contaminant content, which implies that a large number of samples must be analyzed in order to reduce the uncertainty of the resulting data to an acceptable level. In environmental crimes investigations, where the State or “People” must provide the scientific proof, resources as laboratory analyses are few, and there are also time restrains, therefore, more effective and fit-for-purpose methodologies must be developed and tested in order to provide the justice operators a reliable evidence in a feasible manner. The present work introduces a case study of leachate discharge from a hazardous waste landfill in a heavily polluted watercourse where the use of a multiparameter approach using metals, stable isotope and organics analysis in stream-bed sediments was performed as an exploratory means provide evidence of this possible crime. A brief review of methods that explore multiple variables to add qualitative consistency for the results obtained is also presented.

    Palavras-Chave: water pollution; environmental impacts; legal aspects; waste water; crime detection; hazardous materials; sanitary landfills

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  • IPEN-DOC 23714

    ESTEVES, PAMELLA J.; BARBOSA, PATRICIA A.; CARNEIRO, MARCELO B.; VILAR, RUI; SAMAD, RICARDO E. ; VIEIRA JUNIOR, NILSON D. ; ROSSI, WAGNER de . Resistência ao desgaste micro-abrasivo em ferramentas de metal duro texturizadas por laser de femtossegundos. In: CONGRESSO NACIONAL DE ESTUDANTES DE ENGENHARIA MECANICA, 22, 19-23 de outubro, 2015, Campos de Goytacazes, RJ. Anais... 2015.

    Abstract: O trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar a influência da texturização, por laser de femtossegundos, na superfície de saída de ferramentas de metal duro na resposta de resistência ao desgaste abrasivo (K-1). Para isso, foram realizados ensaios de microabrasão na configuração esfera fixa, utilizando ferramentas sem e com dois padrões de textura diferentes, mantendo-se a rotação da esfera, carga normal e tempo de ensaio constantes em 37,6 rpm, 1,25 N e 2,6 min, respectivamente. Os resultados mostraram que a superfície de saída da ferramenta de metal duro texturizada com o padrão de Textura 2 pode ser uma alternativa promissora para melhoria do desempenho tribológico, uma vez que houve um aumento na resistência ao desgaste de 54% em comparação com a superfície de referência.

    Palavras-Chave: wear resistance; abrasives; lasers; pulses; texture; carbides; tools

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  • IPEN-DOC 23705

    SENNA, MARY L.G.S. ; AQUINO, AFONSO R. . The ecological footprint of tourism in Jalapão/TO/Brazil. In: WORLD ACADEMY OF SCIENCE, ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, 18th, November 24-25, 2016, London, United Kingdom. Proceedings... 2016. p. 1739-1744.

    Abstract: The development of tourism causes negative impacts on the environment. It is in this context, through the Ecological Footprint (EF) method that this study aimed to characterize the impacts of ecotourism on the community of Mateiros, Jalapão, Brazil. The EF, which consisted in its original a method to construct a land use matrix, considering some major categories of human consumption such as food, housing, transportation, consumer goods and services, and six other categories from the main land use which are divided into the topics: land use, degraded environment, gardens, fertile land, pasture and forests protected by the government. The main objective of this index is to calculate the land area required for the production and maintenance of goods and services consumed by a community. The field research was conducted throughout the year of 2014 until July 2015. After the calculations of each category, these components were added according to the presented method in order to determine the annual EF of the tourism sector in Mateiros. The results show that the EF resulting from tourism in Mateiros is 2,194.22 hectares of land required for tourism activities in the region. The EF of tourism was considered high, nevertheless, if it is added the total of hectares needed annually for tourism activities, the result found would be 2,194.22 hectares needed to absorb the CO2 emissions generated in the region directly from the tourism sector.

    Palavras-Chave: environment; ecology; tourism; sustainability; environmental impacts; fossil fuels

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  • IPEN-DOC 23704

    SENNA, MARY L.G.S. ; AQUINO, AFONSO R. ; DUTRA, VERUSKA C. ; TOLENTINO, CARLOS H.C.. Quality of life of the beneficiaries of the government’s bolsa família program: a case study in Mateiros/TO/Brazil. In: WORLD ACADEMY OF SCIENCE, ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, 18th, November 21-22, 2016, Paris, France. Proceedings... 2016. p. 1304-1310.

    Abstract: The quality of life index, despite elucidating many discussions, the conceptual subjectivity of the term does not show precision, and consequently, many researchers seek to develop methods aiming to measure this concept, bringing it to a more concrete approach. In this study, the quality of life index method was used to analyze the population of Mateiros, Tocantins, Brazil for quality of life. After data collection, it was compared the quality of life index between the population and the group of beneficiaries of the Brazilian government assistance program Bolsa Família (Family Allowance). Some of the people interviewed receive financial aid from the federal government program Bolsa Família (22%). Comparisons were made among the final score of the quality of life index of the Mateiros population and the following factors: Gender, age, education, those working or not with tourism and those who receive or do not receive the Bolsa Família. It was observed that only the factor, Bolsa Família (p-score 0.0138), shows an association with quality of life improvement, noticing that those who have financial aid had a higher quality of life improvement than the rest of the population. It was concluded that, government assistance has shown a decisive element on the enhancement of Mateiros population quality of life, indicating that similar actions should be maintained.

    Palavras-Chave: quality of life; government policies; financing; environmental effects; environment; environmental impact statements; sustainability; communities; ecosystems

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  • IPEN-DOC 23703

    DUTRA, VERUSKA C. ; AQUINO, AFONSO R. . Monitoring of key indicators of sustainable tourism in the Jalapão State Park/Tocantins: a case study of environmental indicators. In: WORLD ACADEMY OF SCIENCE, ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, 18th, November 24-25, 2016, London, United Kingdom. Proceedings... 2016. p. 1745-1750.

    Abstract: Since the 1980s, global tourism activity has consolidated worldwide to become an important economic contributor, and consequently, the sociocultural and environmental impacts are starting to become evidenced. This raises the need of discussing about actions for sustainable tourism that should be linked not only to the economy, but also to the environment and social aspects. The work that is going to be presented is part of a doctoral research project in Sciences undertaken at the Sao Paulo University, Brazil. It aims to analyze whether the monitoring of the tourism sector with a focus on sustainability is applicable or not, through those indicators, put in a case study in the Jalapão State Park (JSP) conservation unit, in the state of Tocantins, Brazil. This is a study of an interdisciplinary nature that had the deductive method as its guide. We concluded that the key points of the sustainable tourism, when analyzed with the focal point in environmental indicators, are an important evaluation and quantification tool of that activity in the study locus. It displayed itself as an adequate tool for monitoring, thus decoding, the main environmental impacts that occur in tourism regions and their intensity, which is made possible through analysis, and has the objective to trace ways to prevent and correct the presented impacts.

    Palavras-Chave: environmental impacts; economic impact; economics; environmental quality; water quality

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  • IPEN-DOC 23702

    DUTRA, VERUSKA C. ; SENNA, MARY L.G.S. ; AQUINO, AFONSO R. . A proposal of a method to measure the satisfaction indicator of the local community concerning tourism: a case study of Jalapão State Park, Tocantins. In: WORLD ACADEMY OF SCIENCE, ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, 18th, November 24-25, 2016, London, United Kingdom. Proceedings... 2016. p. 1751-1757.

    Abstract: Tourists bring many benefits to a local community, encouraging it to be involved in that activity; however, it may also have detrimental effects like garbage, noise, violence, external culture and the damaging of the natural environment among others, which may promote community dissatisfaction. The contact between the tourist and the local community is a concern, especially when the community is located near protected areas. In this case, the community must know the tourist destination well, so it can collaborate in the tourism development without harming the environment. In this context, the present article aims to demonstrate the results of a research study conducted as part of a doctorate program in Sciences from the University of Sao Paulo, Brazil. It had as an objective to elaborate a methodology proposal to measure the local community satisfaction indicator, with applicability on a case study in the Mateiros community located in the surrounding area of the Parque Estadual do Jalapão –PEJ conservation unit in the state of Tocantins, Brazil. This is a study of an interdisciplinary nature that had the deductive method as its guide. The indicator result is going to be presented in this study. It pointed out as negative factors: there is no involvement between the local community and the tourism sector, and there is also dissatisfaction with regard to the town’s basic services. The study showed as positive the local community knowledge about the various attractions in the surrounding area and that the group recognizes the importance of the tourism for the town and life. Concerning the methodology that was used, the results showed that it can collaborate in seeking actions of improvement and involvement of the community in the planning and development of the local tourism. It comes out as an efficient analysis tool, thus enabling the perceiving of the local community point of view.

    Palavras-Chave: environment; environmental impacts; tourism; nature reserves; ecosystems; communities; measuring methods; indicators

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  • IPEN-DOC 23690

    INVERNIZZI, BRUNO P. ; NEVES, MAURICIO D.M. das . Soldagem circunferencial do aço inoxidável super duplex UNS S32750 pelo processo MIG com controle CMT / Circunferencial welding aplied for inoxidable steel super duplex UNS S32750 using the process MIG with CMT control. In: CONGRESSO NACIONAL DE SOLDAGEM, 42., 28-30 de novembro, 2016, Belo Horizonte, MG. Anais... 2016. p. 1-12.

    Abstract: This study carried out circumferential welding experiments in tubes with 3.68 mm thick. Welding was performed using MIG welding equipment with CMT Cold Metal Transfer® control and with the aid of Motoman robot and a turntable. This was to ensure the accurate positioning of the torch and that the welding was fully implemented in the 1G position, respectively. The weld joints were then evaluated visually, and the joints which present fully penetration were then subjected to tensile testing, microhardness Vickers test and metallography. The welding performed, has shown a lack of penetration for all parameters performed when welded by CMT conventional process. To avoid this problem, the weld was performed using the CMT process combined with pulsed arc, thus creating greater energy during welding, resulting in full penetration and improved surface finish. For this process which has provide fully penetration, the mechanical tests and the metallographic tests were performed and has present adequate results.

    Palavras-Chave: stainless steels; wires; currents; electric arcs; welding; gas metal-arc welding; corrosion resistant alloys; standardization

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  • IPEN-DOC 23972

    SANTOS, VINICIUS J. ; ZAFALON, ANGELICA T. ; LUGAO, ADEMAR B. ; PARRA, DUCLERC F. . Influence of dispersion process on the characteristics of PVP-CLAY hydrogel. In: BRAZILIAN CONFERENCE ON COMPOSITE MATERIALS, 3rd, 28-31 de agosto, 2016, Gramado, RS. Proceedings... 2016.

    Abstract: Hydrogel is a hydrophilic material and can be used as wound dressing, since it can be biocompatible, potencial drug delivery system and absorbent of fluids. Hydrogels can be produced by one or more hydrophilic polymers; natural or synthetic. These materials have a three-dimensional network of cross-linked polymer chains, and may be synthetized by gamma radiation that crosslinks and sterilizes the hydrogel, in one step. PVP-clays composites show, through many ways of swellings tests, an increase of fluid absorption properties. These properties can be modified when using a mechanical or sonication dispersion process of clay in water, before polymer mixture preparation. The aim of the present study is to prepare a hydrogel with PVP-clay containing poly (N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone), poly (ethylene glycol), Agar and Laponite clay processed by gamma radiation. The influence of clay dispersion process, clay/polymer ratio in the hydrogel and type of sample (dried or not) were investigate according to the methodology of gel fraction, swelling tests, Scanning electronic microscopy (SEM). According to the results of water swelling, the clay sonication process is more effective than mechanical dispersion, however, if the sample was dried in stove before the swelling test, the results were similar, probable owing to morphology modification promoted by the stove drying process.

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  • IPEN-DOC 23979

    DIAS, M.C.F.; MUCCILLO, E.N.S. . Effects of TiO2 addition on microstructure and ionic conductivity of gadolinia-doped ceria solid electrolyte. In: BANSAL, NAROTTAM P. (Ed.); KUSNEZOFF, MIHAILS (Ed.); SHIMAMURA, KIYOSHI (Ed.) INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ADVANCED CERAMICS AND COMPOSITES, 39th, January 25-30, 2015, Daytona Beach Florida, USA. Proceedings... Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2015. p. 1-9.

    Abstract: Ceria containing trivalent rare-earth is a solid electrolyte with higher ionic conductivity than the yttria fully-stabilized zirconia standard ionic conductor. This feature turns these ceria-based ionic conductors promising materials for application in solid oxide fuel cells operating at intermediate temperatures (500–700ºC). One of the most utilized approaches to optimize the electrical conductivity and other properties of these materials is the introduction of a second additive, which could change the specific properties of cerium dioxide. Subsequently, in this work, ceria-20 mol% gadolinia with additions of TiO2 is prepared using solid state reaction. The main purpose is to investigate the effects of the additive on densification, microstructure and electrical conductivity of the solid electrolyte. Sintered pellets are characterized by evaluating apparent density, X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and electrical conductivity by impedance spectroscopy. It was found that the small additions of titanium oxide improved the densification and turned negligible the porosity of sintered gadolinia-doped ceria specimens. This additive promotes increase of the blocking of charge carriers at the grain boundaries due to solute exsolution and formation of the pyrochlore Gd2Ti2O7 phase at grain boundaries for contents in excess of the solubility limit.

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  • IPEN-DOC 23992

    MERGULHAO, M.V. ; PODESTA, C.E. ; NEVES, M.D.M. das . Mechanical and microstructural evaluation of CoCr alloys manufactured via selective laser melting (SLM). In: BRAZILIAN MRS MEETING, 15th, September 25-29, 2016, Campinas, SP. Proceedings... 2016.

    Abstract: Dental prosthesis components are widely produced with CoCr alloys. New near net shape techniques has been used nowadays as an alternative route. The aim of this study was evaluated the mechanical properties and the microstructural characterization of CoCr dental alloys manufactured by SLM and to investigated the correlation of chemical composition between mechanical properties of standard specimens. The tensile specimens was manufactured by SLM technique in standard dimensions by two different composition of CoCr dental alloy and were chemical analyzed using scanning electron microscope with energy-dispersed X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) and X-ray fluorescence. The mechanical properties as uniaxial tensile (yield strength, maximum tensile, rupture tensile, elongation and elastic modulus) and Vickers hardness were evaluated. The microstructure of the samples were characterized using optical microscope (OM) and SEM-EDS. The mechanical results indicate higher values for both composition of CoCr alloys fabricated via SLM technique. The micrographs revealed a characteristic morphology of layer used in the SLM technique. Keywords: CoCr alloys, selective laser melting, biomaterial, dental prothesis.

    Palavras-Chave: chromium alloys; cobalt alloys; dentistry; laser radiation; mechanical properties; melting; microstructure; optical microscopes; prostheses

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  • IPEN-DOC 23684

    CAMPOS, LUIZA M.P. ; SANTOS, TAMIRIS M.R. ; PARRA, DUCLERC F. . Avaliação da contração de polimerização em compósitos experimentais dentários adicionados com nanopartículas de montmorilonita. In: CONGRESSO BRASILEIRO (10.) E CONGRESSO PAN AMERICANO (4.) DE ANÁLISE TÉRMICA E CALORIMETRIA, 17-20 de abril, 2016, São Paulo, SP. Anais... 2016.

    Abstract: Esse estudo teve como objetivo desenvolver compósitos experimentais restauradores, por meio da adição de nano partículas argilominerais em uma matriz polimérica a base de BisGMA/TEGDMA, para que assim, se avalie a possibilidade de ocorrer um comportamento dimensional diferenciado no decorrer da polimerização. A caracterização dos compósitos experimentais foi realizada pelas seguintes análises: Análise Térmica- Mecânica (TMA), Difração de Raio-X (DRX) e Microscopia Eletrônica de Transmissão (MET). Foi observado que os compósitos experimentais adicionados com a nanopartícula argilomineral MMT, apresentaram os menores valores de contração de polimerização (TMA), em relação aos compósitos adicionados com a carga Vidro de Bário. Esses resultados podem estar relacionados com a interação polímero /MMT e pela formação de nanocompósitos, observados pela análise de DRX e MET.

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  • IPEN-DOC 23675

    SILVA, LEANDRO G. da ; SAMAD, RICARDO E. ; VIEIRA JUNIOR, NILSON D. ; ROSSI, WAGNER de . Alteração da cor em metais por meio de nanoestruturas periódicas formadas por laser pulsado de femtossegundo. In: CONGRESSO ANUAL DA ABM, 71., 27-29 de setembro, 2016, Riocentro, Rio de Janeiro. Anais... 2016.

    Abstract: Neste estudo, foram estudados os efeitos da irradiação de uma amostra de aço inoxidável tipo ASTM F138 com laser de pulsos ultracurtos. As irradiações foram realizadas variando-se a velocidade de varredura do laser, ou seja, a taxa de sobreposição de pulsos. Foi observado que após a irradiação houve uma visível mudança na coloração da amostra, que se tornou mais escura à medida que aumentamos a taxa de sobreposição. Com essa técnica, pode-se realizar marcações com alto contraste sem que haja alterações microestruturais no metal, o que é importante para um material com a precisão que um implante exige.. Palavras-chave:Femtossegundo; Cor; Laser; Ripples.

    Palavras-Chave: lasers; pulses; color; stainless steels

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  • IPEN-DOC 23674

    FERNANDES, S.M.C. ; CORREA, O.V. ; SOUZA, J.A. de ; ANTUNES, R.A.; OLIVEIRA, M.C.L. de; RAMANATHAN, L.V. . Hydrotalcite coatings to protect spent sluminum-clad nuclear fuels during long term wet storage. In: EUROPEAN CORROSION CONGRESS, September 6-10, 2015, Graz, Austria. Proceedings... Frankfurt am Main, Germany: ASMET, 2015. p. 1-8.

    Abstract: Pitting corrosion of the aluminium cladding of spent research reactor (RR) fuels in wet storage has been reported and attributed to synergistic influence of certain water parameters. Hence, use of conversion coatings to protect spent Al-clad RR fuel during long term wet storage was proposed. The objective was to develop a coating using a conventional chemical process as opposed to an electrochemical process due to constraints related to the shape of the fuel and its high radioactivity. In this context hydrotalcite (HTC) and boehmite were considered. This paper presents: (a) preparation of boehmite and hydrotalcite (HTC) coatings from different baths followed by post-coating treatments; (b) corrosion behavior of coated AA 6061 alloy; (c) results of field studies in which uncoated and coated AA 6061 alloy coupons and plates, the latter assembled as a dummy fuel element, were exposed to the IEA-R1 reactor spent fuel basin for periods of up to 14 months. The laboratory tests revealed marked increase in corrosion resistance of HTC coated specimens. In field tests the HTC coated coupons and plates did not reveal any pits. The mechanism of corrosion protection is presented.

    Palavras-Chave: aluminium alloys; spent fuels; cladding; coatings; wet storage

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  • IPEN-DOC 23672

    ALCANTARA, R.R. ; CORREA, W.C. ; ORTIZ, N. ; FUNGARO, D.A. . Using natural adsorbent bamboo biochar for rhodamine b removal from aqueous solution. In: IWA LEADING EDGE CONFERENCE ON WATER AND WASTEWATER TECHNOLOGIES, 13th, June 13-16, 2016, Jerez da la Frontera, Spain. Proceedings... 2016.

    Abstract: Bamboo biochar was tested for its efficiency in removing Rhodamine B (RB) dye from aqueous solution. The bioadsorption process was measured through equilibrium adsorption isotherms represented by the Langmuir and Freundlich models. Nonlinear regression method was used for the determination of isotherm parameters. An error analysis was undertaken to investigate the effect of applying six error criteria to determine the best-fitting equilibrium model to the experimental data. The equilibrium data for RB adsorption well fited to the Langmuir equation, with maximum monolayer adsorption capacity of 0.638 mg g-1. The present investigations show that bamboo biochar is an alternative adsorbent for RB removal from wastewater.

    Palavras-Chave: chars; coal; adsorbents; bamboo; rhodamines

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  • IPEN-DOC 23670

    VIEIRA, IMARIO; NASCIMENTO, FERNANDO C.; CALVO, WILSON A.P. . Strategic planning as a competitive advantage by using the BSC as a management tool: a case study in application of radioisotope technology at IPEN. In: WASTE MANAGEMENT SYMPOSIA, March 6-10, 2016, Phoenix, Arizona, USA. Proceedings... 2016.

    Abstract: Strategic planning is one of the most important management tools for organizational decision making. The nuclear area represents a segment of energy production used by many countries in America, Europe and Asia. It is known that in the future nuclear energy can be a major exit to the global energy crisis. The aim of this research was to use the Balanced Scorecard (BSC) as a strategic tool for decision making in a teaching and research institution of the nuclear area - Nuclear and Energy Research Institute (IPEN), located in the city of Sao Paulo, which belongs to the National Nuclear Energy Commission (CNEN) in Brazil. The methodology used in this academic doctoral study was a case study, which considered the period of research from December 2012 to December 2015. The main results expected from this case study are: the improvement of information flow, the view, the increased visibility of an organization providing education and especially research in relation to published works, increased interaction among IPEN and the main global research institutes and centers, increasing academic production of technical articles, indicator improvement, improving the monitoring of management actions, among others. Given the expected results one can conclude that this study will be of great value to the IPEN and also for the Brazilian energy sector, as it will allow and contribute to the dissemination and demystification of nuclear power as an energy source of mankind, its peaceful applications and for the management activity of knowledge and innovation production in the nuclear area of IPEN.

    Palavras-Chave: decision making; educational facilities; nuclear materials management; radiation monitoring; radioisotopes; brazilian cnen

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  • IPEN-DOC 23554

    SILVA, A.C. ; MELLO-CASTANHO, S.R.H. . Vitrificação de resíduos industriais contendo metais tóxicos: Análise da corrosão superficial após 10 anos de exposição à umidade do ar / Vitrification of industrial waste containing toxic metals: analysis of surface corrosion after 10 years of exposure to air moisture. In: CONGRESSO BRASILEIRO DE CERAMICA, 60., 15-18 de maio, 2016, Águas de Lindóia, SP. Anais... 2016. p. 2189-2200.

    Abstract: Vitrification of industrial waste containing transition metals has been widely studied as a means of mitigating harmful emissions to the environment. The chemical inertness of these materials is the key factor for their environmental safety. The chemical resistance was avaliated by hydrolytic, acid and alkali medium attack test that has been used for simulation of behavior along the time. However, there is a lack of studies that demonstrate the actual performance of such materials. Glass containing 10 to 50 Wt% of toxic metals (Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn) were prepared by the method of replacing cations modifiers for metals, having a chemical resistance and characterized evaluated by various techniques, proving the superior performance of samples containing between 30 and 40 wt% of transition metal oxides being the same or similar performance of commercial soda-lime glasses. After the initial characterization the glasses samples were exposed to the atmosphere, safe from bad weather during periods non less than 10 years at room temperature and in the shade in the region of São Paulo. In this study the samples were retested by SEM, XRD and FT-IR. Was observed the corrosion products formation in the samples with 10, 20 and 50 Wt% of metal oxide contained. The comparison with initial results to current characterizations (10 years later) showed consistent behavior with the behavior prediction obtained by the chemical resistance tests when the samples was prepared, i.e., samples containing between 30 and 40 Wt% of toxic metals was maintained the planned stability.

    Palavras-Chave: vitrification; metals; industrial wastes; solid wastes; chromium; electroplating; corrosion

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  • IPEN-DOC 23666

    LEITE, ANTONIO M. dos S. ; TERADA, MAYSA ; PEREIRA, VICTOR F.; COSTA, ISOLDA . Resistência à corrosão do aço lean duplex UNS S82441 submetido à soldagem por atrito com pino não-consumível. In: CONGRESSO BRASILEIRO DE CORROSAO, 36.; INTERNATIONAL CORROSION MEETING, 6th; CONCURSO DE FOTOGRAFIA DE CORROSAO E DEGRADAÇAO DE MATERIAIS, 20.; EXPOSIÇAO DE TECNOLOGIAS PARA PREVENÇAO E CONTROLE DA CORROSAO, 36., 16-20 de maio, 2016, Búzios, RJ. Anais... Rio de Janeiro, RJ: ABRACO, 2016. p. 1-10.

    Abstract: Duplex stainless steels have been widely used in the manufacture of equipment and piping for oil & gas industry, in onshore and offshore service. However, whenever they are exposed to high temperatures the precipitation of deleterious phases might occur. The precipitates drastically reduce the corrosion resistance and mechanical properties of these materials. The friction stir welding (FSW) process has been considered as an alternative to replace the conventional welding processes in duplex stainless steels. FSW is a solid state welding process avoiding many of the problems associated to conventional fusion techniques. In this paper, specimens of the various zones affected and nearby the FSW, specifically the nugget or stir zone (SZ), the heat affected zone (HAZ) and the base metal (BM) of welded lean duplex UNS S82441 had their corrosion resistance evaluated by eletrochemical tests. The results indicated that the HAZ and SZ regions presented similar localized corrosion resistance to that of the BM showing that it is a potential technique for replacing the conventional processes with advantageous corrosion resistance properties.

    Palavras-Chave: stainless steels; friction welding; ferrites; austenitic steels; corrosion; vickers hardness; corrosion resistance; pitting corrosion

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  • IPEN-DOC 23665

    COSTENARO, HELLEN; QUEIROZ, FERNANDA M.; TERADA, MAYSA; PAINT, YOANN; RENAUD, ALEXIS; OLIVIER, MARIE-GEORGE; COSTA, ISOLDA ; MELO, HERCILIO G. de. EIS and Salt-Spray study of AA2524 anodized in tartaric-sulfuric acid bath and protected with hybrid sol–gel coating. In: CONGRESSO BRASILEIRO DE CORROSAO, 36.; INTERNATIONAL CORROSION MEETING, 6th; CONCURSO DE FOTOGRAFIA DE CORROSAO E DEGRADAÇAO DE MATERIAIS, 20.; EXPOSIÇAO DE TECNOLOGIAS PARA PREVENÇAO E CONTROLE DA CORROSAO, 36., 16-20 de maio, 2016, Búzios, RJ. Proceedings... Rio de Janeiro, RJ: ABRACO, 2016. p. 1-14.

    Abstract: AA2524 is a relatively new brand of aluminum alloy designed to build lightweight structural components in aerospace industry. To be employed in aircrafts, high strength Al alloys need to be protected from corrosion by a robust protection system. One of the steps applied in the protection protocol is anodizing, which is known to greatly improve the corrosion resistance of Al alloys. In the present investigation, a sol-gel hybrid layer was applied as a post-treatment step for anodized AA2524 and the corrosion resistance of the system evaluated by means of EIS measurements and salt-spray tests. The anodizing process was performed in a tartaric-sulfuric acid (TSA) bath, which is more environmentally friendly than the traditional chromic acid anodizing baths, and the sol–gel solution was prepared by mixing tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) and 3-glycidyloxypropyl-trimethoxysilane (GPTMS) precursors in a solution with high water content. For comparison reasons, TSA anodized samples were also hydrothermally sealed in boiling deionized water. The results of both EIS and salt-spray tests demonstrated superior corrosion resistance for the anodized samples post-treated with the hybrid sol-gel layer. Electrical equivalent circuit fitting of the EIS data indicated that the hybrid sol-gel layer strongly hinders electrolyte penetration through the porous layer, better protecting the underlying substrate.

    Palavras-Chave: aluminium alloys; sol-gel process; coatings; corrosion protection; anodization; sulfuric acid; tartaric acid

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  • IPEN-DOC 23664

    ALMEIDA, THALLIS L.; QUEIROZ, FERNANDA M. ; TERADA, MAYSA ; COSTA, ISOLDA ; CAPELOSSI, VERA R.. Efeito da selagem hidrotérmica com adição de íons Ce (III) na proteção à corrosão da liga de alumínio AA7475-T761 anodizada em banho ácido tartárico-sulfúrico. In: CONGRESSO BRASILEIRO DE CORROSAO, 36.; INTERNATIONAL CORROSION MEETING, 6th; CONCURSO DE FOTOGRAFIA DE CORROSAO E DEGRADAÇAO DE MATERIAIS, 20.; EXPOSIÇAO DE TECNOLOGIAS PARA PREVENÇAO E CONTROLE DA CORROSAO, 36., 16-20 de maio, 2016, Búzios, RJ. Anais... Rio de Janeiro, RJ: ABRACO, 2016. p. 1-13.

    Abstract: The aluminum alloys of series 7XXX have excellent mechanical properties combined with low density and are often used in the aeronautic industry. However, their susceptibility to localized corrosion requires the use of protective coatings to ensure their long-term life. In the aircraft industry, the anodization process is an effective corrosion control method. Besides, the anodized layer sealing treatment of parts that are not used with coatings, provide further protection. However, both processes, anodization and sealing, generally employ baths containing Cr (VI) ions. These are highly toxic to the environment and carcinogenic. In this work, the AA7475-T761 alloy was anodized in a solution of tartaric-sulfuric acid (TSA) and then the anodic layer was hydrothermally sealed in aqueous solutions, either with or without the addition of Ce (III) ions. The effect of sealing time on the corrosion protection of the anodic layer was investigated for periods of sealing corresponding to 2.5 min, 5 min, 7.5 min and 10 min. The corrosion resistance of the anodized alloy samples was evaluated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) as a function of exposure time to a sodium chloride electrolyte. Higher impedances were associated with anodic layers hydrothermally sealed for 7.5 min and 10 min in Ce (III) ions containing solution. Surface observation was carried out by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the results indicated that hydrothermal treatments in solution with Ce (III) ions leads to anodic layers with decreased porosity.

    Palavras-Chave: aluminium alloys; anodization; electrochemical coating; sealing materials; hydrothermal systems; tartaric acid; sulfuric acid; cerium oxides

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  • IPEN-DOC 23663

    SANTOS, WAGNER I.A. dos ; COSTA, ISOLDA ; TOMACHUK, CELIA R.. Hydrothermal surface treatments with Cerium and Glycol molecules on the AA 2024-T3 clad alloy. In: INTERNATIONAL ALUMINIUM CONFERENCE, 13th, September 21-23, 2016, Naples, Italy. Proceedings... 2016.

    Abstract: New treatments for replacement of chromate require lower toxicity and corrosion protection. This study aims to investigate the influence of the combination of a Ce conversion coating (CCCe) with glycol molecules on the corrosion resistance of the AA2024-T3 clad (AA1230). The corrosion resistance of surface treated and untreated samples was evaluated by electrochemical techniques (electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, polarization tests and open circuit potential). These tests were complemented by salt spray tests to accelerate the corrosive effects of weathering. The surfaces were analyzed after corrosion tests by scanning electron microscopy with X-ray energy dispersive detector (SEM - EDX). The results of the CCCe samples in combination with glycol were compared with that of the surface with chromate layer and the results showed that the CCCe treatment is a candidate for replacement of chromating with the advantage that it does not generate toxic residues. The self-healing capacity of the new treatment tested was indicated by the increased formation of corrosion products deposition on top of Fe rich intermetallis in the AA1230 clad with time of exposure to the electrolyte.

    Palavras-Chave: aluminium alloys; surface treatments; chromium; corrosion resistance; corrosion; polarization; anodization; cerium; glycols

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  • IPEN-DOC 23662

    ALMEIDA, THALLIS L.; QUEIROZ, FERNANDA M. ; TERADA, MAYSA; COSTA, ISOLDA ; CAPELOSSI, VERA R.. On the effects of hydrothermal treatments on the corrosion resistance of the TSA anodized AA7475-T761 alloy. In: INTERNATIONAL ALUMINIUM CONFERENCE, 13th, September 21-23, 2016, Naples, Italy. Proceedings... 2016.

    Abstract: The effect of hydrothermal treatment time on the sealing and corrosion resistance of the anodized AA7475-T761 aluminium alloy has been investigated in this study. The treatments tested are environmental compatible and has not chromium ions involved. Anodizing was carried out by tartaric-sulphuric anodizing (TSA) and this was followed by hydrothermal treatments for partial sealing, either with or without propyleneglycol (PRG) and/or cerium ions. Four different treatment times were tested, specifically, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10 min. The corrosion resistance of the treated samples was evaluated by Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) and the anodic layers formed by anodizing and hydrothermal treatments were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The EIS results indicated that the best corrosion resistance was related to the treatments that combined hydrothermal treatments in boiling water with PRG for 10 minutes or boiling water with PRG and cerium ions for 5 min. The SEM images for the samples showed the formation of a homogeneous anodic layer and the thickness is approximately 3 m. It was noticed that the porosities were not completed sealed by the treatments tested and this was on purpose in order to allow coating adhesion to the anodic layer.

    Palavras-Chave: aluminium alloys; hydrothermal synthesis; corrosion; corrosion resistance; anodization; electrochemistry; impedance; spectroscopy; cerium; sealing materials

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  • IPEN-DOC 23661

    COSTENARO, HELLEN; QUEIROZ, FERNANDA M.; TERADA, MAYSA; OLIVIER, MARIE-GEORGES; COSTA, ISOLDA ; MELO, HERCILIO G. de. Corrosion protection of AA2524-T3 anodized in tartaric-sulfuric acid bath and protected with hybrid sol–gel coating. In: INTERNATIONAL ALUMINIUM CONFERENCE, 13th, September 21-23, 2016, Naples, Italy. Proceedings... 2016.

    Abstract: 2xxx Al alloys are particularly sensitive to localized corrosion in chloride environments and in order to maintain their integrity, minimize maintenance needs and repairs, and to maximize component life, protective treatments are required. Anodizing is an electrochemical process based on the growth of the Al oxide layer by applying anodic potentials. One of the alternatives is tartaric/sulphuric acid (TSA) anodizing, which is environmentally compliant and provides corrosion resistance properties, compatible with the requirements of the aerospace industry with appropriate paint adhesion. In this study, AA2524-T3 specimens were anodized in a tartaric-sulfuric acid bath (TSA) and subsequently protected by application of a hybrid sol–gel coating. The sol–gel coating was prepared using a solution with high water content (58 %v/v) and obtained by the hydrolysis and condensation of tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) and 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane (GPTMS). The corrosion resistance evaluation of both unsealed and coated samples was carried out in a sodium chloride solution by EIS as a function of immersion time. The results were also fitted using electrical equivalent circuits.

    Palavras-Chave: sol-gel process; corrosion; aluminium alloys; corrosion protection; tartaric acid; sulfuric acid; hybridization; hydrolysis; anodization

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  • IPEN-DOC 23660

    BUGARIN, ALINE F.S. ; QUEIROZ, FERNANDA M.; TERADA, MAYSA; MELO, HERCILIO G. de; COSTA, ISOLDA . Localized corrosion resistance of dissimilar aluminum alloys joined by Friction Stir Welding (FSW). In: INTERNATIONAL ALUMINIUM CONFERENCE, 13th, September 21-23, 2016, Naples, Italy. Proceedings... 2016.

    Abstract: 2XXX and 7XXX high strength aluminum alloys are the most used materials for structural parts of aircrafts due to their high strength/weight ratio. Their joining procedure is an engineering challenge since they present low weldability. Friction Stir Welding (FSW) is a joining technology developed in the early 90´s. It is a solid-state welding process, without the use of fillers or gas shield, that eliminates conventional welding defects and has been considered of great interest for application in the aircraft industry. FSW of aluminum alloys results in four regions of different microstructures, specifically: the base material (BM), the heat affected zone (HAZ), the thermo-mechanically affected zone (TMAZ), and the nugget zone (NZ). The complex microstructure of the weld region leads to higher susceptibility to localized corrosion as compared to the BM even when similar alloys are joined. The welding of dissimilar alloys in its turn results in even more complex microstructures as materials with intrinsically different composition, microstructures and electrochemical properties are put in close contact. Despite the great interest in FSW, up to now, only few corrosion studies have been carried out for characterization of the corrosion resistance of dissimilar Al alloys welded by FSW. The aim of this study is to investigate the corrosion behavior of aluminum alloy 2024-T3 (AA2024-T3) welded to aluminum alloy 7475-T761 (AA7475-T761) by FSW. The evaluation was performed in 0.01 mol.L-1 solution by means of open circuit potential measurements, polarization techniques and surface observation after corrosion tests.

    Palavras-Chave: aluminium alloys; corrosion; corrosion resistance; friction welding; polarization; alloys; microstructure; electrochemistry; chemical analysis

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  • IPEN-DOC 23659

    ABREU, C.P. de ; COSTA, I. ; MELO, H.G. de; PEBERE, N.; VIVIER, V.. Localized electrochemical impedance for characterizing welded areas of dissimilar Al alloys 2024-T3 and 7475-T761 joined by FSW. In: EUROPEAN CORROSION CONGRESS, 11th, September 21, Montpellier, France. Proceedings... 2016. p. 1.

    Abstract: Friction Stir Welding (FSW) is an efficient way to join high strength aluminum alloys avoiding de-fects that are usually found when conventional techniques are adopted. The aeronautic industry has shown great interest in this welding method, either for joining similar or dissimilar alloys. However, FSW generates different microstructural areas that could give rise to galvanic couplings on the weld-ing area. In the present study, FSW was used to join two similar and dissimilar aluminum alloys, the AA2024 and the AA7475 alloys. To evaluate the effect of the welding process on the corrosion re-sistance of the joined alloys, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy studies, either global or local-ized (LEIS), have been carried out in a low corrosive medium (0.1 M Na2SO4) or with a small addi-tion of chlorides (0.1 M Na2SO4 + 0.001 M NaCl). A gel visualization technique was also employed to detect possible galvanic couplings of the different zones formed during the FSW welding. OCP measurements were also performed on both individual aluminum alloys and on the zones affected by FSW. LEIS investigations were performed at different locations above the different microstructural zones induced by the FSW process on both alloys. Galvanic coupling was clearly evidenced at the interface between the two alloys, contrary to the results reported in literature for the welding of simi-lar alloys, for which no galvanic coupling was evidenced.

    Palavras-Chave: electric impedance; electrochemistry; aluminium alloys; friction welding; coupling; electrochemical corrosion

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  • IPEN-DOC 23989

    SILVA, F.S. ; RODRIGUES, V.G. ; MISSO, A.M. ; MORAIS, V.R. ; YAMAGATA, C. . Síntese de silicato de lantânio tipo apatita pelo método sol-gel utilizando silicato de sódio como fonte de sílica / Synthesis of lanthanum silicate apatite-type by sol-gel method using sodium silicate as source of silica. In: CONGRESSO BRASILEIRO DE CERAMICA, 60., 15-18 de maio, 2016, Águas de Lindóia, SP. Anais... 2016. p. 156-167.

    Abstract: Ceramics of lanthanum silicate apatite-type have been studied with great technological interest at IT-SOFC applications (Intermediate Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cell) for having good ionic conductivity at intermediate temperatures (600-800°C), higher than that of YSZ (Ytria Stabilized Zirconia) in high-temperature SOFCs. At this work has made the synthesis of the lanthanum silicate apatite-type from Na2SiO3 as a source of silica by the modified sol-gel method that allowed the formation of ceramic powders of lanthanum silicate apatite-type in calcination temperature at 900°C, which is much lower than those other methods of synthesis. Analysis by x-ray diffraction (XRD) showed the lanthanum silicate apatite-type phase as the main phase. Scanning electron microscopy was used to nanometric powders observation.

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  • IPEN-DOC 23981

    XAVIER, G.L. ; SILVA, F.R.O. ; GUGLIOTTI, C.F. ; USSUI, V. ; LIMA, N.B. . Deposição eletroforética de hidroxiapatita em titânio metálico / Electrophoretic deposition of hydroxyatapite on metalic titanuium. In: CONGRESSO BRASILEIRO DE CERAMICA, 60., 15-18 de maio, 2016, Águas de Lindóia, SP. Anais... 2016. p. 1827-1838.

    Abstract: Titanium is commonly used in the manufacture of orthopedic and dental implants due to its high corrosion resistance and good mechanical properties. However because of its grey color, the implant becomes visible due to transparency of peri-implant tissues in patients with thin gingival biotype. In this work, hydroxyapatite obtained by chemical precipitation method (Hap-S) was coated on titanium substrate by electrophoretic deposition technique, to improve implant integration in the organism and change their color. Hap-S powders were characterized by XRD, FTIR and SEM. The EPD was performed in dental grade titanium substrate with 10x10mm in dimension, at 80V, 60V and 40V for 40s, 60s and 120s. After, the coatings were dried at room temperature and sintered at 800°C for 1h. The samples were characterized by XRD and SEM. Results showed that deposition is more effective for shorter times and intermediate voltage, yielding homogeneous and crack free deposits.

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  • IPEN-DOC 23978

    ARAUJO, ONARA M.M.; LOMBELLO, CHRISTIANE B.; USSUI, VALTER ; LIMA, NELSON ; ROSSI, WAGNER ; RIBEIRO, CHRISTIANE. Estudo comparativo de diferentes superfícies do compósito alumina-zircônia de natureza bioinerte / Comparative study of different surfaces of the bioinert composite of the alumina-zirconia. In: CONGRESSO BRASILEIRO DE CERAMICA, 60., 15-18 de maio, 2016, Águas de Lindóia, SP. Anais... 2016. p. 1794-1805.

    Abstract: Different techniques for the improvement of surface conditions have been proposed in the development of biomaterials. This paper proposed a study comparing three different patterns of ceramic surfaces for 85% Al2O3-15% ZrO2. The surface properties of the samples were analyzed after sintering, and were compared the surface without treatment, with polished surfaces, and textured surfaces femtosecond laser. The samples were characterized by DRX and density and the surfaces were characterized for roughness, wettability and scanning electron microscopy. It was also analyzed the cell adhesion behavior, using Vero cell (ATCC CCL-81). The results showed a strong correlation between the roughness and wettability with adherence behavior and cell morphology. It was observed that the effect of the laser made the surface exhibit a behavior hydrophobic with a tendency micro-roughness controlled and generated. Despite the lower participation rate, compared to other surfaces, there was more intense cell spreading on these surfaces, and vesicles on the surface of the adhered cells, showing a favorable metabolic activity of cells in this type of surface.

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  • IPEN-DOC 23965

    RIBEIRO, S.; GENOVA, L.A. ; RIBEIRO, G.C.; OLIVEIRA, M.R.; BRESSIANI, A.H.A. . Efeito da temperatura e da taxa de aquecimento na sinterização do SiC aditivado com Al2O3-Dy2O3 e Al2O3-Yb2O3 / Effect of temperature and heating rate on the sintering of SiC doped with Al2O3-Dy2O3 and Al2O3-Yb2O3. In: CONGRESSO BRASILEIRO DE CERAMICA, 60., 15-18 de maio, 2016, Águas de Lindóia, SP. Anais... 2016. p. 1178-1189.

    Abstract: Compacts of SiC+10 vol.% (Al2O3+Dy2O3) and SiC+10 vol.% (Al2O3+Yb2O3) mixtures were prepared by cold isostatic pressing and sintered for 60 min in a dilatometer at 1800 and 1900°C, applying heating rates of 10, 20 and 30°C/min. An evaluation of the complete sintering cycle indicated that the heating rates did not significantly affect the shrinkage, but that the sintering temperature may be a relevant factor. The compacts sintered at 1900°C showed 9% higher shrinkage, on average, than those sintered at 1800°C. The maximum shrinkage rates of both mixtures occurred at temperatures below the sintering thresholds, temperatures and heating rates. It was also noted that after the formation of the liquid, the mechanisms of particle rearrangement and solution-precipitation were not as fast as those reported in the literature, but were responsible for much of the shrinkage during the sintering cycle.

    Palavras-Chave: heating rate; sintering; temperature range 1000-4000 k; shrinkage; silicon carbides

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  • IPEN-DOC 23964

    MELLO, R.M. ; BRESSIANI, A.H.A. . Análise de trincas causadas por choque térmico em carbeto de silício / Analysis of cracks caused by thermal shock in carbide silicon. In: CONGRESSO BRASILEIRO DE CERAMICA, 60., 15-18 de maio, 2016, Águas de Lindóia, SP. Anais... 2016. p. 1165-1176.

    Abstract: The aim of this study is to analyze the formation and propagation of cracks, as well as the occurrence of thermal fatigue in SiC subjected to thermal shock. Samples were prepared with 90%SiC+10%(Y2O3:Al2O3) mole, in the proportions 1:3 and 1:4 of additives. The compacted samples were sintered at 1750 °C, 1850 °C and 1950 °C in graphite resistive furnace. The thermal cycles were performed by heating at two different temperatures (600 °C and 900 °C) in a tubular furnace, and quenched in water. Analysis of cracks was performed by scanning electron microscopy on samples from flexural strength test after 1 and 50 thermal cycles, or after thermal fatigue. The sintering temperature and thermal cycle have a great influence on the formation and propagation of cracks. The samples sintered at 1950 °C, despite having a significant number of cracks, are the only ones not introduce thermal fatigue to 900ºC.

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  • IPEN-DOC 23963

    MELLO, R.M. ; BRESSIANI, A.H.A. . Influência da microestrutura na resistência ao choque térmico do SIC / Influence of microstructure on resistance to thermal shock of SIC. In: CONGRESSO BRASILEIRO DE CERAMICA, 60., 15-18 de maio, 2016, Águas de Lindóia, SP. Anais... 2016. p. 1153-1164.

    Abstract: The aim of this study is to analyze the influence of microstructure on thermal shock resistance of liquid phase sintered SiC, as this is a very required property in various technological applications. The microstructure can influence the thermal shock resistance because large grains tend to generate toughening mechanisms, reducing damage to the material. For this analysis, samples with 90 % SiC 10 % + (Y2O3:Al2O3) in the proportions 1: 3 and 1: 4 mole, were compacted and sintered at 1750 ° C , 1850 ° C and 1950 ° C. The thermal shock was performed by heating the sample in a tubular furnace and quenched in water. Damages caused by thermal shock were evaluated by monitoring the elastic modulus of samples. Micrographs were done by electron microscope and grain size distribution at Quantikov software. The samples sintered at 1950 °C have greater grain size and, consequently, greater thermal shock resistance.

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  • IPEN-DOC 23615

    FERMINO, D.M.; OLIANI, W.L. ; PARRA, D.F. ; VALENZUELA-DIAZ, F.R.. Utilização de celulose e nanoargila como agentes de reforço em polipropileno / Celullose and nanoclay utilized reinforcement agents in polypropylene. In: CONGRESSO BRASILEIRO DE ENGENHARIA E CIENCIA DOS MATERIAIS, 22., 06-10 de novembro, 2016, Natal, RN. Anais... 2016. p. 9447-9454.

    Abstract: This work concerns the study of the mechanical properties and morphological of polypropylene hybrid nanocomposites with Brazilian smectite nanoclay the state of Paraiba (PB), at concentrations of 1, 2 and 5 % by weight nanoclay with the addition of 1 and 2 % by weight cellulose from discarded bond paper. Polypropylene with 3 % by weight polypropylene graft compatibilizer (PP-g-AM) was mixed of nanoclay/cellulose using a twin-screw extruder. The specimens were prepared by the injection process. The mechanical behavior was evaluated by strength, flexural strength and IZOD impact. In addition, clay and cellulose were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). With addition of cellulose in the polypropylene increased 8 % in strength and 21 % in IZOD impact test. By SEM was observed cellulose agglomeration in hybrid nanocomposites.

    Palavras-Chave: cellulose; mechanical properties; morphology; nanocomposites; polypropylene; reinforced materials; smectite; x-ray fluorescence analysis

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  • IPEN-DOC 23614

    OLIANI, W.L. ; PARRA, D.F. ; KOMATSU, L.G.H. ; LINCOPAN, N.; RANGARI, V.K.; LUGAO, A.B. . Nanocomposites based on polypropylene with nanosilver particles and antibacterial behavior – a review. In: CONGRESSO BRASILEIRO DE ENGENHARIA E CIENCIA DOS MATERIAIS, 22., 06-10 de novembro, 2016, Natal, RN. Proceedings... 2016. p. 9357-9368.

    Abstract: This paper presents a study of polypropylene (PP) films modified by gamma irradiation with insertion of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and montmorillonite (MMT) aiming bactericide effect. The use of silver (Ag) gives important antibacterial property since silver is highly toxic for bacteria. The PP matrix was processed in a twin screw extruder and polypropylene nanocomposites (PPNC) were obtained in different concentrations of 0.25%; 0.5%; 1.0%; 2.0% and 4.0% in wt% and 1% of MMT. The material was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD), cytotoxicity assay and reduction colony-forming-unit (CFU). The analyzed films showed spherical clusters and homogeneous regions with good distribution of the silver nanoparticles. Furthermore, the PP@AgNPs films exhibited a strong antibacterial efficiency against S. aureus, E. coli and P. aeruginosa due to the presence of the biocidal silver nanoparticles.

    Palavras-Chave: antimicrobial agents; colony forming units; films; gamma radiation; germicides; ion microscopy; montmorillonite; nanocomposites; nanoparticles; polypropylene; scanning electron microscopy; silver; toxicity; x-ray diffraction

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  • IPEN-DOC 23608

    FERNANDES, S.M.C. ; CORREA, O.V. ; SOUZA, J.A. ; ANTUNES, R.A.; LIMA, N.B. de ; RAMANATHAN, L.V. . Preparation and characterization of hydrotalcite coatings to protect aluminium alloys. In: CONGRESSO BRASILEIRO DE ENGENHARIA E CIENCIA DOS MATERIAIS, 22., 06-10 de novembro, 2016, Natal, RN. Proceedings... 2016. p. 6793-6804.

    Abstract: Pitting corrosion of the aluminium alloy cladding of spent research reactor fuels during wet storage is the main form of degradation. To prevent this, hydrotalcite (HTC) based coatings were proposed. This paper presents the effect of chemical bath parameters on the microstructure of HTC coatings and the corrosion behavior of HTC coated AA 6061 specimens. The HTC coating formed at 98 °C from nitrate baths and referred to as HT-HTC was homogeneous and consisted of intersecting blade-like crystallites. Electrochemical tests revealed that HT-HTC coated specimens that were treated in a cerium salt solution were the most resistant to corrosion. Field tests in which un-coated and HTC coated AA 6061 alloy coupons as well as full-size plates were exposed to the IEA-R1 reactor’s spent fuel basin for 23 months corroborated the high corrosion resistance imparted by the HT-HTC + Ce coating. The mechanism by which the HTC coating and cerium protect the Al alloy is discussed.

    Palavras-Chave: aluminium alloys; cerium; coatings; electrochemistry; microstructure; nitrates; pitting corrosion; spent fuels

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  • IPEN-DOC 23607

    MACHADO, C.S.C. ; MILAGRE, M.X. ; ARAUJO, J.V. ; TERADA, M. ; COSTA, I. . Avaliação da resistência a corrosão intergranular da liga AA 2198-T851 soldada pelo processo FSW / Evaluation of intergranular corrosion resistance of AA 2198-T851 alloy welded by FSW process. In: CONGRESSO BRASILEIRO DE ENGENHARIA E CIENCIA DOS MATERIAIS, 22., 06-10 de novembro, 2016, Natal, RN. Anais... 2016. p. 6747-6755.

    Abstract: In this work, the intergranular corrosion resistance of the Al-Cu-Li AA2198- 851 alloy, welded by friction stir welding (FSW) has been evaluated by ASTM G110-97 procedure. There was no susceptibility to intergranular corrosion of this alloy in the tested conditions.

    Palavras-Chave: aluminium alloys; chemical composition; copper alloys; corrosion resistance; fluorescence; friction welding; heat affected zone; intergranular corrosion; microstructure; optical microscopy; scanning electron microscopy; welded joints

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  • IPEN-DOC 23606

    ARAUJO, J.V. ; MACHADO, C.S.C. ; MILAGRE, M.X. ; QUEIROZ, F.M. ; COSTA, I. . Avaliação da resistência a corrosão intergranular da liga AA2198-T8 / Intergranular corrosion resistance evaluation of the AA2198-T851 alloy. In: CONGRESSO BRASILEIRO DE ENGENHARIA E CIENCIA DOS MATERIAIS, 22., 06-10 de novembro, 2016, Natal, RN. Anais... 2016. p. 6728-6734.

    Abstract: The intergranular corrosion is a form of corrosion which can result in loss of mechanical properties and might lead to rupture of the material. These properties are of fundamental importance for the materials used in aircraft for security reasons. It is important to characterize the intergranular corrosion resistance of materials used in aeronautical applications. This study investigated the intergranular corrosion resistance of the AA2198-T8 alloy that presents copper and lithium as the main alloying elements. The results showed that this alloys is susceptible to this form of corrosion.

    Palavras-Chave: aluminium alloys; chemical composition; copper alloys; corrosion resistance; intergranular corrosion; lithium alloys; optical microscopy; scanning electron microscopy

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  • IPEN-DOC 23605

    BUGARIN, A.F.S. ; QUEIROZ, F.M. ; TERADA, M.; MELO, H.G. de; COSTA, I. . Monitoramento da corrosão em ligas de alumínio dissimilares unidas por processo de soldagem por fricção e mistura (FSW) utilizadas no setor aeronáutico / Monitoring of corrosion in dissimilar aluminum alloys joined by friction and mixing welding process (FSW) used in the aeronautic segment. In: CONGRESSO BRASILEIRO DE ENGENHARIA E CIENCIA DOS MATERIAIS, 22., 06-10 de novembro, 2016, Natal, RN. Anais... 2016. p. 6715-6727.

    Abstract: The corrosion behavior of the aluminum alloys ( AA2024 -T3 and AA7475 - T761 ) joined by the friction and mixing welding process (FSW) was monitored by immersion test in 10 mM NaCl solution as a function of exposure time to the test solution. The corrosion resistance was also evaluated by a gel test (agar- agar) by means of which the galvanic coupling between the two alloys was observed. The AA2024 alloy acted as the cathode and the AA7475 as the anode of the galvanically coupled pair. The immersion tests showed galvanic coupling in the mixed region (ZM) or nugget. The zone most affected by corrosion was the thermomechanically affected zone (ZTMA) at the interface with the thermally affected one (ZTA) on the side of the AA7475 alloy. At this interface, intergranular corrosion was seen from the first two hours of immersion.

    Palavras-Chave: aluminium alloys; corrosion; corrosion resistance; coupling; friction welding; heat affected zone; microstructure; mixing; monitoring; optical microscopy; scanning electron microscopy; x-ray fluorescence analysis; x-ray spectroscopy

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  • IPEN-DOC 23604

    ABREU, C.P. ; MELO, H.G. de; PEBERE, N.; VIVIER, V.; COSTA, I. . Investigação da corrosão localizada das ligas dissimilares (2024-T3 e 7475-T651) soldadas por FSW / Investigation on the localized corrosion of the dissimilar alloys (2024-T3 e 7475-T651) joined by FSW. In: CONGRESSO BRASILEIRO DE ENGENHARIA E CIENCIA DOS MATERIAIS, 22., 06-10 de novembro, 2016, Natal, RN. Anais... 2016. p. 6653-6663.

    Abstract: The aeronautic industry has shown great interest in joining aluminum dissimilar alloys used in different parts of the aircraft. The Friction Stir Welding (FSW) process was developed has been considered as an effective alternative to con-ventional techniques for welding of aluminum alloys. This technique results in different microstructural areas affecting the corrosion resistance of the material. In this work, the corrosion resistance of the different zones formed in the 2024-T3 and 7475-T761 alloys welded by FSW has been investigated by electro-chemical techniques. An electrochemical cell with a small area exposed to the electrolyte (o-ring with 1.0 mm diameter) was used to allow testing the different zones generated, separately. Test solution consisted of 0.1M Na2SO4 + 1mM NaCl. The electrochemical results showed lower corrosion resistance associat-ed to the nugget zones. Besides, the TMAZ of the two alloys, mainly of the 7475-T651 presented corrosion resistance inferior to the BM and HAZ zones.

    Palavras-Chave: aerospace industry; friction; welding; stirring; aluminium alloys; corrosion; weight; wear resistance; electrochemistry; impedance; spectroscopy; polarization

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  • IPEN-DOC 23603

    MILAGRE, M.X. ; ARAUJO, J.V. ; QUEIROZ, F.M. ; MACHADO, C.S.C. ; COSTA, I. . Comparação do comportamento de corrosão da liga convencional AA2024-T351 e da liga Al-Li 2098-T351 / Corrosion behavior of conventional alumïnium alloy AA2024-T351 and Al-LI alloy AA2098-T351. In: CONGRESSO BRASILEIRO DE ENGENHARIA E CIENCIA DOS MATERIAIS, 22., 06-10 de novembro, 2016, Natal, RN. Anais... 2016. p. 6629-6636.

    Abstract: In this work, the localized corrosion behavior of an Al-Li alloy (AA2098-T351) was compared with that of the AA2024-T351 conventional alloy by immersion test in 0.01 mol L-1 NaCl solution. The evolution of localized corrosion in both alloys was monitored by optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy after several test periods from 2h to 24h. The results showed high susceptibility of the two alloys to pitting from the early hours of immersion. The corrosion mechanism in the two alloys, however, was different. Localized corrosion in the AA2024 alloy was associated with the microcells generation between micrometric precipitates and the matrix leading to superficial attack homogeneously distributed throughout the surface exposed to the corrosive environment. In the AA2098 alloy, however, a severe localized corrosion ascribed in the literature to the presence of phase T1 was also observed besides the localized corrosion type similar to that observed in the AA2024 alloy.

    Palavras-Chave: aluminium alloys; corrosion resistance; lithium alloys; optical microscopy; pitting corrosion; scanning electron microscopy; sodium chlorides

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  • IPEN-DOC 23601

    FERREIRA, RAFAEL L.E.; CORREA, OLANDIR V. ; ANTUNES, RENATO A.. Efeito do revestimento a base de conversão a base de cerio sobre o comportamento de corrosão da liga de magnesio AZ91D. In: CONGRESSO BRASILEIRO DE ENGENHARIA E CIENCIA DOS MATERIAIS, 22., 06-10 de novembro, 2016, Natal, RN. Anais... 2016.

    Abstract: Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito de revestimentos de conversão à base de cério sobre o comportamento de corrosão da liga de magnésio AZ91D em solução de cloreto de sódio. A liga foi utilizada na condição bruta de fusão. Diferentes condições de formação dos revestimentos de conversão foram testadas, variando-se o tempo de tratamento. Foi utilizado o nitrato de cério como composto formador do revestimento. A morfologia dos filmes foi avaliada por microscopia eletrônica de varredura e sua composição por espectroscopia de energia dispersiva por raios-X (EDS). O comportamento de corrosão foi avaliado por espectroscopia de impedância eletroquímica e polarização pontenciodinâmica. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que houve uma dependência do comportamento eletroquímico com a morfologia da camada de conversão, a qual foi dependente do tempo de tratamento.

    Palavras-Chave: cerium; coatings; corrosion; electrochemistry; impedance; magnesium alloys

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  • IPEN-DOC 23600

    TORRES, ANA de A.; CORREA, OLANDIR V. ; ANTUNES, RENATO A.. Influência do tamanho de grão sobre a resistência à corrosão do aço inoxidável AISI 304 / Grain size influence on the corrosion behavior of the AISI 304 stainless steel. In: CONGRESSO BRASILEIRO DE ENGENHARIA E CIENCIA DOS MATERIAIS, 22., 06-10 de novembro, 2016, Natal, RN. Anais... 2016.

    Abstract: Grain size refinement can modify the electrochemical behavior of austenitic stainless steels due the variation of the grain boundaries density. The relationship between grain size and corrosion resistance is not straightforward, motivating several investigations to help clarifying this effect. The aim of the present work was to investigate the effect of grain size on the pitting corrosion resistance of the AISI 304 stainless steel. By exposing samples of this material to different annealing treatments different microstructures with varying grain sizes have been obtained. Potentiodynamic polarization curves were used to evaluate the corrosion behavior of the samples. The results showed that pitting corrosion resistance was increased for the samples with finer grain sizes and this effect is likely due to the formation of a more stable passive film.

    Palavras-Chave: austenitic steels; stainless steel-304; grain size; pitting corrosion

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  • IPEN-DOC 23594

    COSTA, S.A.N. da; MONTEIRO, W.A. . Caracterização microestrutural e mecânica do aço inoxidável 316L obtido pelo processo de pós metálicos por injeção / Microstructural and mechanical characterization of stainless steel 316L obtained by metal powder injection. In: CONGRESSO BRASILEIRO DE ENGENHARIA E CIENCIA DOS MATERIAIS, 22., 06-10 de novembro, 2016, Natal, RN. Anais... 2016. p. 5331-5339.

    Abstract: Actually the powder metallurgy technique (MP) have been developed several techniques using the same principle combined forming and processing with new technologies such as rapid prototyping and powder injection that is focus of this study and combines the similar process to plastic injection with metallic particles. The injection of particulate (powder) metal combines techniques of plastic injection with the powder metallurgy combining versatility with repeatability. This work had as main objective the microstructural and mechanical characterization of a component obtained by powder injection molding of 316L stainless steel (austenitic), one of the most used materials by this technique, comparing them with other processing of the same material under study. The research involved the choice of particulates (powders) available, classification of the mixture with different binders, the rheological characteristics to the sintered material, manufacturing of parts for injection and standard procedure for setting parameters for component manufacturing. After processing the material, in accordance with metallic particles available for manufacturing, it was concluded that (a) the powder production quality directly influences the grains formed by processing; (b) the average growth of the grain structure that formed the final component was relatively low; (c) the grain well defined shapes in accordance with the appropriate production controls. Can detect it uniformity in manufacturing the components.

    Palavras-Chave: austenitic steels; binders; mechanical properties; microstructure; powder metallurgy; powders; rheology; sintering; stainless steel-316l

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  • IPEN-DOC 23592

    VEGA, L.E.R.; LEIVA, D.R.; SILVA, W.B.; LEAL NETO, R.M. ; ISHIKAWA, T.T.; BOTTA, W.J.. Elaboração mecânica do intermetálico TiFe para armazenagem de hidrogênio / Mechanical alloying of TiFe intermetallic for hydrogen storage. In: CONGRESSO BRASILEIRO DE ENGENHARIA E CIENCIA DOS MATERIAIS, 22., 06-10 de novembro, 2016, Natal, RN. Anais... 2016. p. 5048-5058.

    Abstract: Elementary powders of Ti and Fe in the stoichiometric ratio 50:50 were submitted to mechanical alloying for 2, 6, 10 and 20 h in a planetary ball mill. The synthesis of TiFe intermetallic with high yield was achieved for all milling times. The structural characterization of the samples revealed the trend of the particles to form agglomerates and the formation of cracks. H-absorption capacities of 0,74; 0,90; 0,97 and 0,95 wt. % (at room temperature and 20 bar of H2) were obtained for processing times of 2, 6, 10 and 20 h, respectively, without using a thermal activation process after milling.

    Palavras-Chave: hydrogen storage; intermetallic compounds; iron alloys; powders; stoichiometry; synthesis; titanium alloys

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  • IPEN-DOC 23591

    URBANINHO, A.B. ; BERGAMASCHI, V.S. ; FERREIRA, J.C. . Preparação e caracterização de catalisadores de níquel suportados em céria para obtenção de hidrogênio a partir da reforma a vapor do etanol / Preparation and characterization of nickel catalysts supported on cerium for obtaining hydrogen from steam reforming of ethanol. In: CONGRESSO BRASILEIRO DE ENGENHARIA E CIENCIA DOS MATERIAIS, 22., 06-10 de novembro, 2016, Natal, RN. Anais... 2016. p. 4046-4055.

    Abstract: The Ni/Ce catalysts for were prepared by co- precipitation method with a view to their use in steam reforming of ethanol to produce a hydrogen-rich gas mixture. The catalysts were characterized by scanning electron microscopy; x-ray dispersive Spectroscopy and surface area BET method. This paper proposes to prepare, characterize and test nickel catalyst supported on cerium in order to obtain a material with higher activity and selectivity of the catalyst using the steam reforming reaction of ethanol, by varying the reaction temperature, molar ratio water/ethanol and uptime. The catalytic tests were monitored by chemical analysis of syngas from steam reforming of ethanol using an analysis online by gas Chromatograph in the reactor.

    Palavras-Chave: catalytic reforming; cerium; coprecipitation; ethanol; gas chromatography; hydrogen; nickel; steam reformer processes; thermal gravimetric analysis

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  • IPEN-DOC 23590

    CARDOSO, Q.A. ; SILVA, F.M.; VIEIRA, L.S.; CASINI, J.C.S.; SAKATA, S.K. ; FARIA, R.N. . The production of reduced graphene oxide by a low-cost vacuum system for supercapacitors applications. In: CONGRESSO BRASILEIRO DE ENGENHARIA E CIENCIA DOS MATERIAIS, 22., 06-10 de novembro, 2016, Natal, RN. Proceedings... 2016. p. 4022-4029.

    Abstract: Graphene (G) has attracted great interest for its excellent electrical properties. However, the large-scale production of graphene is still currently under investigations. Graphene oxide (GO) can be partially reduced to graphene-like sheets by removing the oxygen-containing groups with the recovery of a conjugated structure. It can be produced using inexpensive graphite as raw material by cost-effective chemical methods. High vacuum and temperature (10-7mbar/1100oC) is well established as an effective route for reduced powder preparation on a laboratory scale. However, a high vacuum reduction system, which can be routinely operated at 10-7 mbar, has a considerable capital, operational and maintenance cost to be used in a large scale. In the present work, a low-cost route aiming large scale reduction of graphene oxide has been investigated. A stainless steel vessel has been evacuated to backing-pump pressure (10-2 mbar) to process graphene oxide at low and high temperatures. Attempts of reducing GO powder using low vacuum pressures have been carried out and investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The experimental results of processing graphene oxide powder at various temperatures (200-1000°C) at relatively low pressures have been reported. The microstructures of the processed material have been investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and chemical microanalyses employing energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX).

    Palavras-Chave: capacitors; fourier transformation; graphene; infrared spectra; microstructure; oxides; production; reduction; scanning electron microscopy; temperature dependence; x-ray diffraction

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  • IPEN-DOC 23589

    GONSALVES, T.C. ; SILVA, F.M.; VIEIRA, L.S.; CASINI, J.C.S.; FARIA, R.N. . Electrochemical characteristics and microstructure of activated carbon powder supercapacitors for energy storage. In: CONGRESSO BRASILEIRO DE ENGENHARIA E CIENCIA DOS MATERIAIS, 22., 06-10 de novembro, 2016, Natal, RN. Proceedings... 2016. p. 3832-3841.

    Abstract: In recent years, extensive investigations have concentrated on the study and improvement of supercapacitors electrode materials. The electric devices produced with these materials are used for stored energy over time periods ranging from seconds to several days. The main factor determining the energy storage time of a supercapacitor is its self-discharge rate. This property concerns to the gradual decrease in the electric potential that occurs when the supercapacitor terminals are left unconnected to either a charging circuit or an electric load. Self-discharge is attenuated with a decrease in room temperature and lifetime is enhanced. This paper addresses this aspect and reports the results of a work carried out on a systematic study with supercapacitors with nominal capacitance of 1.0 rated at a DC potential of 5.5 V and 10.0 F at 2,7 V. The specific capacitance, internal resistance and self-discharge of commercial activated carbon electrode supercapacitors have been investigated. Specific capacitances were measured in this study using cyclic voltammetry (CV). Specific capacitances of 44.4 and 66.7 Fg-1 were determined for distinct carbon electrodes supercapacitors. Self-discharge were carried out at room temperature and close to the freezing point. Internal resistances of the supercapacitors were calculated using the discharge curve at room temperature. The microstructures of the electrode material have been investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

    Palavras-Chave: activated carbon; capacitance; capacitors; electric discharges; electrodes; energy storage; microstructure; powders; scanning electron microscopy; voltametry; x-ray sources

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  • IPEN-DOC 23588

    ARAUJO, M.S. ; MARTINELLI, J.R. ; GENOVA, L.A. ; PRADO, U.S. do . Utilização de resíduos de catalisador (ECAT) e cinzas da casca de arroz (CCA) na elaboração de vidros silicatos soda-cal destinados ao setor de embalagem / Use of rice rusk ash and spent catalyst as a source of raw material for the production and characterization of soda-lime silicate glasses destined for packaging. In: CONGRESSO BRASILEIRO DE ENGENHARIA E CIENCIA DOS MATERIAIS, 22., 06-10 de novembro, 2016, Natal, RN. Anais... 2016. p. 2325-2336.

    Abstract: Study on the use of rice husk ash (RHA) and waste catalyst (ECAT), two industrial solid waste generated in large quantities in Brazil, getting soda-lime glass for the production of packaging. Both the waste may be classified as class II waste according to NBR 10,004. Samples were produced adding Na2CO3 and CaO to obtain a composition within the range of commercial soda-lime glasses. The results showed that both can be used as received (without any previous treatment) replacing important raw materials, source of Al2O3 and SiO2, necessary for glass formation. The produced samples were amber due to the presence of nickel (Ni2+ ions) from the ECAT and optical transmittance of 18%. These also showed good homogeneity, i.e., absence of bubbles and striae and dissolution rate higher than a commercial soda-lime glass. In general, the samples are presented suitable for applications that require low transmittance such as colored glass containers, which does not require perfect visibility and transparency. Finally, the waste level of incorporation was approximately 78 mass%.

    Palavras-Chave: glass industry; packaging; lime-soda sinter process; silicates; solid wastes; industrial wastes; recycling; rice; shells; sodium carbonates; calcium silicates; oxides; fluorescence

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  • IPEN-DOC 23577

    OLIVEIRA, M. ; FERREIRA JUNIOR, J.M.; BAKER, M.A.; ROSSI, J. ; COSTA, I. . Desenvolvimento e caracterização de filmes finos de oxalato para a proteção à corrosão de zinco metálico / Development and characterization of oxalate coatings for the corrosion protection of metallic zinc. In: CONGRESSO BRASILEIRO DE ENGENHARIA E CIENCIA DOS MATERIAIS, 22., 06-10 de novembro, 2016, Natal, RN. Anais... 2016. p. 834-845.

    Abstract: This work aims to develop and characterize surface treatments for corrosion protection of zinc. Oxalic acid (OA) was used and the concentration range se-lected was from 10-1 M to 1 M. The chemical composition of the layers formed was evaluated by XPS, and the morphology and thickness, by FIB and EDS, respectively. The corrosion resistance was monitored by Electrochemical Im-pedance Spectroscopy (EIS). The results showed that a zinc oxalate layer had been formed in both concentrations but of different thickness and crystal sizes but similar morphology. The EIS results showed that the layer formed in the lower concentration solution provided corrosion protection for long periods whereas the one obtained at higher concentration did not protect the surface. The results led to conclude that one of the treatments tested is highly indicated for corrosion protection of zinc.

    Palavras-Chave: corrosion protection; impedance; oxalic acid; scanning electron microscopy; surface coating; surface treatments; x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy; zinc

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  • IPEN-DOC 23654

    ROMANO, REBECA S.G. ; OLIANI, WASHINGTON L. ; PARRA, DUCLERC F. ; LUGAO, ADEMAR B. . Evaluation of environmental aging of polypropylene irradiated versus pristine. In: IKHMAYIES, SHADIA J. (Ed.); LI, BOWEN (Ed.); CARPENTER, JOHN S. (Ed.); HWANG, JIANN-YANG (Ed.); MONTEIRO, SERGIO N. (Ed.); LI, JIAN (Ed.); FIRRAO, DONATO (Ed.); ZHANG, MINGMING (Ed.); PENG, ZHIWEI (Ed.); ESCOBEDO-DIAZ, JUAN P. (Ed.); BAI, CHENGUANG (Ed.) TMS ANNUAL MEETING & EXHIBITION, 145th; CHARACTERIZATION OF MINERALS, METALS, AND MATERIALS, February 14-18, 2016, Nashville, Tennessee, USA. Proceedings... Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2016. p. 729-736. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-48210-1_92

    Abstract: Polypropylene (PP) is the most common thermoplastic resin of the plastic market due to its very interesting physical, chemical and processing properties at very low market price, however after its use the resin does not degrade in the environment or it degrades at very low rate. This study has the objective of comparing the environmental exposure of PP irradiated with 20 kGy and pristine PP. Dumbbell samples were manufactured by injection molding and exposed to the environment during 90 days; another one set was subjected to gamma irradiation at 20 kGy total dose and exposed at the same conditions too. The samples were characterized by mechanical testing, visual inspection, infrared spectroscopy (IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The irradiated samples, after environmental aging, showed oxidation and presence of cracks in samples of the PP 20 kGy.

    Palavras-Chave: polypropylene; gamma radiation; environment; aging

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  • IPEN-DOC 23653

    SOUZA, CLECIA M. ; SILVA, LEONARDO G. . Characterization of irradiated and non-irradiated rubber from automotive scrap tires. In: IKHMAYIES, SHADIA J. (Ed.); LI, BOWEN (Ed.); CARPENTER, JOHN S. (Ed.); HWANG, JIANN-YANG (Ed.); MONTEIRO, SERGIO N. (Ed.); LI, JIAN (Ed.); FIRRAO, DONATO (Ed.); ZHANG, MINGMING (Ed.); PENG, ZHIWEI (Ed.); ESCOBEDO-DIAZ, JUAN P. (Ed.); BAI, CHENGUANG (Ed.) TMS ANNUAL MEETING & EXHIBITION, 145th; CHARACTERIZATION OF MINERALS, METALS, AND MATERIALS, February 14-18, 2016, Nashville, Tennessee, USA. Proceedings... Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2016. p. 713-720. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-48210-1_90

    Abstract: The aim of this work was to characterize the samples of irradiated and non-irradiated rubber from automotive scrap tires. Rubber samples from scrap tires were irradiated at irradiation doses of 200, 400 and 600kGy in an electron beam accelerator. Subsequently, both the irradiated and non - irradiated samples werec haracterized by thermogravimetry (TG), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), tensile strength mechanical test, and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrophotometry.

    Palavras-Chave: rubbers; irradiation; scrap; tires; acceleration; recycling

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  • IPEN-DOC 23652

    HARADA, JULIO ; MACEDO, JOSE R.N.; MACHADO, GLAUSON A.F. ; VALENZUELA-DIAZ, FRANCISCO; MOURA, ESPERIDIANA A.B. ; ROSA, DERVAL S.. Effects of carbon black incorporation on morphological, mechanical and thermal properties of biodegradable films. In: IKHMAYIES, SHADIA J. (Ed.); LI, BOWEN (Ed.); CARPENTER, JOHN S. (Ed.); HWANG, JIANN-YANG (Ed.); MONTEIRO, SERGIO N. (Ed.); LI, JIAN (Ed.); FIRRAO, DONATO (Ed.); ZHANG, MINGMING (Ed.); PENG, ZHIWEI (Ed.); ESCOBEDO-DIAZ, JUAN P. (Ed.); BAI, CHENGUANG (Ed.) TMS ANNUAL MEETING & EXHIBITION, 145th; CHARACTERIZATION OF MINERALS, METALS, AND MATERIALS, February 14-18, 2016, Nashville, Tennessee, USA. Proceedings... Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2016. p. 697-704.

    Abstract: This work evaluates the effects of carbon black incorporation on morphological, mechanical and thermal properties of biodegradable films. The biodegradable composite films based on PBAT/PLA blend and PBAT/PLA blend containing 2 wt. % of carbon black were prepared by me lt extrusion, using a twin screw extruder machine and blown extrusion process. The properties of biodegradable film samples were investigated by tensile tests, XRD, MFI, TGA, DSC and FE-SEM analysis and the correlation between properties was discussed.

    Palavras-Chave: biodegradation; films; carbon black; mechanical properties; composite materials

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  • IPEN-DOC 23651

    GONZALEZ-RUIZ, JESUS; YATACO-LAZARO, LOURDES; VIRGINIO, SUELI ; SILVA-VALENZUELA, MARIA das G. da; MOURA, ESPERIDIANA ; VALENZUELA-DIAZ, FRANCISCO. Effects of graphene oxide addition on mechanical and thermal properties of evoh films. In: IKHMAYIES, SHADIA J. (Ed.); LI, BOWEN (Ed.); CARPENTER, JOHN S. (Ed.); HWANG, JIANN-YANG (Ed.); MONTEIRO, SERGIO N. (Ed.); LI, JIAN (Ed.); FIRRAO, DONATO (Ed.); ZHANG, MINGMING (Ed.); PENG, ZHIWEI (Ed.); ESCOBEDO-DIAZ, JUAN P. (Ed.); BAI, CHENGUANG (Ed.) TMS ANNUAL MEETING & EXHIBITION, 145th; CHARACTERIZATION OF MINERALS, METALS, AND MATERIALS, February 14-18, 2016, Nashville, Tennessee, USA. Proceedings... Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2016. p. 667-674.

    Abstract: Currently, ethylene vinyl alcohol (EVOH) is one of the oxygen barrier materials most used for food packaging. The addition of graphene oxide nanosheets to the EVOH matrix is employed to improve their mechanical and barrier properties. In this work, films of EVOH- based composites reinforced with graphene oxide were prepared by melt extrusion, using a twin screw extruder machine and blown extrusion process. The graphene oxide was prepared via chemical oxidation of natural graphite and then was exfoliated into nanosheets using the sonochemical method. The composite films samples were characterized using FTIR and DSC analysis. In addition, their mechanical properties were also determined.

    Palavras-Chave: graphene; oxides; composite materials; ethylene; alcohols; films; thermodynamic properties

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  • IPEN-DOC 23649

    PAIVA, DOUGLAS A.; OLIVEIRA, RENE R. ; MAIA, WILSON da S.; AUAD, MARIA L.; RANGARI, VIJAYA K.; MOURA, ESPERIDIANA A.B. . Comparative study of the effects of cellulose nanowhiskers and microcrystalline cellulose addition as reinforcement in flexible films based on biopolymer blends. In: IKHMAYIES, SHADIA J. (Ed.); LI, BOWEN (Ed.); CARPENTER, JOHN S. (Ed.); HWANG, JIANN-YANG (Ed.); MONTEIRO, SERGIO N. (Ed.); LI, JIAN (Ed.); FIRRAO, DONATO (Ed.); ZHANG, MINGMING (Ed.); PENG, ZHIWEI (Ed.); ESCOBEDO-DIAZ, JUAN P. (Ed.); BAI, CHENGUANG (Ed.) TMS ANNUAL MEETING & EXHIBITION, 145th; CHARACTERIZATION OF MINERALS, METALS, AND MATERIALS, February 14-18, 2016, Nashville, Tennessee, USA. Proceedings... Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2016. p. 409-416. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-48210-1_51

    Abstract: The objective of this study is to compare the effects of the addition of cellulose nanowhiskers and microcrystalline cellulose on properties of flexible films based on biodegradablepolymer blends. Composite films containing 1 wt. % of microcrystalline cellulose and 1-2 wt.% of cellulose nanowhiskers were prepared by melt extrusion, using a twin screw extruder machine and blown extrusion process. The effects of the addition of cellulose nanowhiskers and microcrystalline cellulose on mechanical and thermal properties of biocomposite films were investigated by tensile tests, XRD, TG, DSC and FE-SEM analysis and the correlation between properties was discussed.

    Palavras-Chave: biodegradation; polymers; films; mechanical properties; whiskers; nanotechnology

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  • IPEN-DOC 23648

    FERMINO, DANILO M.; ANDRADE, CHRISTIANO G.B.; PARRA, DUCLERC F. ; LUGAO, ADEMAR B. ; VALENZUELA DIAZ, FRANCISCO R.. Thermal properties of polypropylene nanocomposites with organoclay and discarded bond paper. In: IKHMAYIES, SHADIA J. (Ed.); LI, BOWEN (Ed.); CARPENTER, JOHN S. (Ed.); HWANG, JIANN-YANG (Ed.); MONTEIRO, SERGIO N. (Ed.); LI, JIAN (Ed.); FIRRAO, DONATO (Ed.); ZHANG, MINGMING (Ed.); PENG, ZHIWEI (Ed.); ESCOBEDO-DIAZ, JUAN P. (Ed.); BAI, CHENGUANG (Ed.) TMS ANNUAL MEETING & EXHIBITION, 145th; CHARACTERIZATION OF MINERALS, METALS, AND MATERIALS, February 14-18, 2016, Nashville, Tennessee, USA. Proceedings... Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2016. p. 241-248. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-48210-1_29

    Abstract: This work concerns the study of the effect of discarded bond paper on the thermal behavior of the polypropylene/organophilic clay nanocomposite. A brown polycationic bentonite from state of Paraíba, Brazil, was treated industrially with sodium carbonate to transform it into a bentonite which swells in water and then treated with ammonium chloride hexadecyltrimethylammonium to turn it into a swellable organoclay in organic liquids. Polypropylene with 3% polypropylene graft compatibilizer (PP-g-AM) was mixed with 1% and 2% by weight of discarded bond paper and with 1%, 2% e 5% by weight of organophilic clay using a twin-screw extruder. The specimens were prepared by the injection process. The nanocomposite specimens were characterized by XRD, SEM, and thermal analysis (ATG and DSC). The nanocomposites showed improved thermal properties compared with the polymer without filler.

    Palavras-Chave: cellulose; polypropylene; nanocomposites; clays; bentonite

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  • IPEN-DOC 23570

    NIGRO, F. ; ARANHA, L.C. ; MUCSI, C.S. ; ROSSI, J.L. . Avaliação da adaptação e resistência à remoção de pilar impactado em implante dentário cone Morse de pequeno diâmetro. In: WORKSHOP OF APPLIED CRYSTALLOGRAPHY TO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING, 7th; ENCONTRO DE FISICA APLICADA, 7th, 11-13 de maio, 2016, Serra, ES. Proceedings... 2016. p. 37-40.

    Abstract: Dental implants of alloy Ti6Al4V (grade V) of narrow diameter came solve a constant situation in the current implantology, which would be the installation of implants in reduced mesiodistal spaces, mainly to allow a final prosthesis with appropriate aesthetic requirement. Because it is a 2-part system, the installation of the abutment, made in the same alloy, is performed by impaction because its stabilization through a screw becomes inconsistent due to difficulties in machining such tiny components. The abutment after impaction in various ways in the implants were sectioned at 2 mm from the implant platform and the two halves were observed in a scanning electron microscope (SEM), in order to measure the gap or the space between the implant/ abutment. Similarly, after the abutments were impacted in the implants, they were subjected to tensile test to evaluate their required removal force. This study aimed to evaluate the accuracy, the juxtaposition of these parts in the Morse-type connection and the force required to remove the abutment in order to check whether they were greater than the force of chewing.

    Palavras-Chave: dentistry; teeth; implants; prostheses; cones; removal

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  • IPEN-DOC 23586

    COSTA, N.A. ; POTIENS, M.P.A. ; SARAIVA, C.W.C.. Phantom positioning variation in the gamma knife® perfexion dosimetry. In: BRAZILIAN CONGRESS ON METROLOGY, 8th, 29 de novembro - 04 de dezembro, 2015, Bento Gonçalves, RS. Proceedings... Bristol, UK: IOP Publishing, 2016. p. 1-5.

    Abstract: The use of small volume ionization chamber has become required for the dosimetry of equipments that use small radiation fields such as the Gamma Knife® Perfexion (GKP) unit. In this work, a pinpoint ionization chamber was inserted into the dosimetry phantom and measurements were performed with the phantom in different positions, in order to verify if the change in the phantom positioning affects the dosimetry of the GKP. Four different phantom positions were performed. The variation in the result is within the range allowed for the dosimetry of a GKP equipment.

    Palavras-Chave: gamma dosimetry; ionization chambers; dosimetry; phantoms; positioning; radiotherapy; surgery; brain

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  • IPEN-DOC 23585

    CORREA, E.L. ; SANTOS, L.R. dos ; VIVOLO, V. ; POTIENS, M.P.A. . Mammography calibration qualities establishment in a Mo-Mo clinical system. In: BRAZILIAN CONGRESS ON METROLOGY, 8th, 29 de novembro - 04 de dezembro, 2015, Bento Gonçalves, RS. Proceedings... Bristol, UK: IOP Publishing, 2016. p. 1-5.

    Abstract: In this study the mammography calibration qualities were established in a clinical mammography system. The objective is to provide the IPEN instruments calibration laboratory with both mammography calibration methods (using a clinical and an industrial system). The results showed a good behavior of mammography equipment, in terms of kVp, PPV and exposure time. The additional filtration of molybdenum is adequate, air-kerma rates were determined and spectra were obtained.

    Palavras-Chave: calibration; filtration; kerma; mammary glands; molybdenum; spectra

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  • IPEN-DOC 23580

    SANTOS, W.S. ; GONALVES, P.E.; BELINATO, W.; CALDAS, L.V.E. ; PERINI, A.P.; NEVES, L.P. . The influence of different 192Ir sources geometries to the energy deposition. In: BRAZILIAN CONGRESS ON METROLOGY, 8th, 29 de novembro - 04 de dezembro, 2015, Bento Gonçalves, RS. Proceedings... Bristol, UK: IOP Publishing, 2016. p. 1-5.

    Abstract: In this paper, various simpli cations of the HDR source Varian VariSource Classic model, in which 192Ir as a radionuclide is used, were compared. These simpli cations were carried out by Monte Carlo simulations, using the MCNPX 2.7.0 code. The different sources were compared through a distribution of energy deposition in a water phantom. Our results indicated that small simpli cations will present no in uence on the source response, and the removal of the entire capsule surrounding the radionuclide will present a difference of just 0.53% in the nal response.

    Palavras-Chave: energy absorption; iridium 192; monte carlo method; dose rates; radiotherapy

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  • IPEN-DOC 23534

    PERINI, A.P.; NEVES, L.P.; SANTOS, W.S. ; CALDAS, L.V.E. . Experimental and Monte Carlo evaluation of an ionization chamber in a 60Co beam. In: BRAZILIAN CONGRESS ON METROLOGY, 8th, 29 de novembro - 04 de dezembro, 2015, Bento Gonçalves, RS. Proceedings... 2016. p. 1-5.

    Abstract: Recently a special parallel-plate ionization chamber was developed and characterized at the Instituto de Pesquisas Energ eticas e Nucleares. The operational tests presented results within the recommended limits. In order to determine the in uence of some components of the ionization chamber on its response, Monte Carlo simulations were carried out. The experimental and simulation results pointed out that the dosimeter evaluated in the present work has favorable properties to be applied to 60Co dosimetry at calibration laboratories.

    Palavras-Chave: monte carlo method; ionization chambers; cobalt 60; experimental data; dosimetry; calibration standards

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  • IPEN-DOC 23574

    MARQUES, J.R. ; VILLA-SOARES, S.M. ; STELLATO, T.B. ; SILVA, T.B.S.C. ; FAUSTINO, M.G. ; MONTEIRO, L.R. ; PIRES, M.A.F. ; COTRIM, M.E.B. . Uncertainty Estimation of Metals and Semimetals Determination in Wastewater by Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES). In: BRAZILIAN CONGRESS ON METROLOGY, 8th, 29 de novembro - 04 de dezembro, 2015, Bento Gonçalves, RS. Proceedings... 2016. p. 1-5.

    Abstract: The measurement uncertainty is a parameter that represents the dispersion of the results obtained by a method of analysis. The estimation of measurement uncertainty in the determination of metals and semimetals is important to compare the results with limits defined by environmental legislation and conclude if the analytes are meeting the requirements. Therefore, the aim of this paper is present all the steps followed to estimate the uncertainty of the determination of amount of metals and semimetals in wastewater by Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES). Measurement uncertainty obtained was between 4.6 and 12.2% in the concentration range of mg.L-1.

    Palavras-Chave: abundance; comparative evaluations; concentration ratio; data covariances; emission spectroscopy; metals; semimetals; waste water

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  • IPEN-DOC 23573

    CASTRO, MAYSA C. de ; XAVIER, MARCOS ; CALDAS, LINDA V.E. . Performance of three pencil-type ionization chambers (10 cm) in computed tomography standard beams. In: BRAZILIAN CONGRESS ON METROLOGY, 8th, 29 de novembro - 04 de dezembro, 2015, Bento Gonçalves, RS. Proceedings... Bristol, UK: IOP Publishing, 2016. p. 1-5.

    Abstract: The use of computed tomography (CT) has increased over the years, thus generating a concern about the doses received by patients undergoing this procedure. Therefore, it is necessary to perform routinely beam dosimetry with the use of a pencil-type ionization chamber. This detector is the most utilized in the procedures of quality control tests on this kind of equipment. The objective of this work was to perform some characterization tests in standard CT beams, as the saturation curve, polarity effect, ion collection efficiency and linearity of response, using three ionization chambers, one commercial and two developed at the IPEN.

    Palavras-Chave: beams; comparative evaluations; computerized tomography; dosimetry; ionization chambers; brazilian cnen; performance; quality control; saturation

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  • IPEN-DOC 23572

    FAUSTINO, MAINARA G. ; MARQUES, JOYCE R. ; MONTEIRO, LUCILENA R. ; STELLATO, THAMIRIS B. ; SOARES, SABRINA M.V. ; SILVA, TATIANE B.S.C. ; SILVA, DOUGLAS B. da ; PIRES, MARIA A.F. ; COTRIM, MARYCEL E.B. . Uncertainty estimation in the determination of metals in superficial water by ICP-OES. In: BRAZILIAN CONGRESS ON METROLOGY, 8th, 29 de novembro - 04 de dezembro, 2015, Bento Gonçalves, RS. Proceedings... Bristol, UK: IOP Publishing, 2016. p. 1-8.

    Abstract: From validation studies, it was possible to estimate a measurement uncertainty of several elements such as Al, Ba, Ca, Cu, Cr, Cd, Fe, Mg, Mn, Ni and K in water samples from Guarapiranga Dam. These elements were analyzed by optical emission spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma (ICP-OES). The value of relative estimated uncertainties were between 3% and 15%. The greatest uncertainty contributions were analytical curve, and the recovery method, which were related with elements concentrations and the equipment response. Water samples analyzed were compared with CONAMA Resolution #357/2005.

    Palavras-Chave: aluminium; calcium; comparative evaluations; concentration ratio; copper; diagrams; emission; emission spectroscopy; iron; magnesium; multi-element analysis; nickel; potassium; pyrazolines; resolution; validation; water

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  • IPEN-DOC 23571

    GROPPO, DANIELA P. ; CALDAS, LINDA V.E. . OSL response bleaching of BeO samples, using fluorescent light and blue LEDs. In: BRAZILIAN CONGRESS ON METROLOGY, 8th, 29 de novembro - 04 de dezembro, 2015, Bento Gonçalves, RS. Proceedings... Bristol, UK: IOP Publishing, 2016. p. 1-5.

    Abstract: The optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) is widely used as a dosimetric technique for many applications. In this work, the OSL response bleaching of BeO samples was studied. The samples were irradiated using a beta radiation source (90Sr+90Y); the bleaching treatments (fluorescent light and blue LEDs) were performed, and the results were compared. Various optical treatment time intervals were tested until reaching the complete bleaching of the OSL response. The best combination of the time interval and bleaching type was analyzed.

    Palavras-Chave: beryllium oxides; beta sources; bleaching; comparative evaluations; fluorescent lamps; irradiation; light emitting diodes; luminescent dosemeters; performance; time interval analyzers

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  • IPEN-DOC 22984

    PRETTO, LUCAS R. de ; YOSHIMURA, TANIA M. ; RIBEIRO, MARTHA S. ; FREITAS, ANDERSON Z. de . Optical Coherence Tomography for blood glucose monitoring through signal attenuation. In: IZATT, JOSEPH A. (Ed.); FUJIMOTO, JAMES G. (Ed.); TUCHIN, VALERY V. (Ed.) OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY AND COHERENCE DOMAIN OPTICAL METHODS IN BIOMEDICINE, 20th, February 13, 2016, San Francisco, California, USA. Proceedings... Bellingham, Washington USA: Society of Photo-optical Instrumentation Engineers, 2016. p. 96973F-1 - 96973F-9. (SPIE Proceedings Series, 9697).

    Abstract: Development of non-invasive techniques for glucose monitoring is crucial to improve glucose control and treatment adherence in patients with diabetes. Hereafter, Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) may offer a good alternative for portable glucometers, since it uses light to probe samples. Changes in the object of interest can alter the intensity of light returning from the sample and, through it, one can estimate the sample's attenuation coefficient (μt) of light. In this work, we aimed to explore the behavior of μt of mouse’s blood under increasing glucose concentrations. Different samples were prepared in four glucose concentrations using a mixture of heparinized blood, phosphate buffer saline and glucose. Blood glucose concentrations were measured with a blood glucometer, for reference. We have also prepared other samples diluting the blood in isotonic saline solution to check the effect of a higher multiple-scattering component on the ability of the technique to differentiate glucose levels based on μt. The OCT system used was a commercial Spectral Radar OCT with 930 nm central wavelength and spectral bandwidth (FWHM) of 100 nm. The system proved to be sensitive for all blood glucose concentrations tested, with good correlations with the obtained attenuation coefficients. A linear tendency was observed, with an increase in attenuation with higher values of glucose. Statistical difference was observed between all groups (p<0.001). This work opens the possibility towards a non-invasive diagnostic modality using OCT for glycemic control, which eliminates the use of analytes and/or test strips, as in the case with commercially available glucometers.

    Palavras-Chave: tomography; optical systems; coherence length; attenuation; in vitro; diabetes mellitus; hyperglycemia; blood; glucose; monitoring

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