Abstract: On the 22nd of April 2015, the Calbuco volcano sited at the South region of Chile had its first eruption since 1972, injecting a huge plume of volcanic aerosol particles and gases up to 21 km into the atmosphere. As part of the Latin America Lidar Network’s (LALINET) aim to monitor any atmospheric event the LALINET São Paulo station (SPU) started continuous observation in order to monitor the dispersion of volcanic aerosol layer and their altitude and optical properties. After 5 days, on 27 April 2015, some volcanic plumes arrived over the Metropolitan area of São Paulo (MASP) and were detected by the SPU system within the altitude range of 18-19 km. The timing and altitude of SPU observations coincide with transport and dispersion simulations of the volcanic cloud’s arrival at São Paulo, from the Goddard Earth Observing System Model, version 5 (GEOS-5) and Goddard Chemistry Aerosol Radiation and Transport (GOCART) model from NASA Goddard Space Flight Center. The models simulate the volcanic eruption’s injection of SO2, SO4, and ash into the atmosphere and the advection of the volcanic plume away from the volcano. The purpose of this study is to determine the optical properties of the volcanic plume such as AOD and Lidar ratio. Applying the transmittance method used previously for cirrus clouds it was possible to retrieve the AOD value of 0.16 ± 0.21 and a lidar ratio of 64 ± 4 sr.

LOPES, FABIO J.S.; GUERRERO-RASCADO, JUAN L.; LANDULFO, EDUARDO; KROTKOV, NICKOLAY; HUGHES, ERIC; SILVA, ARLINDO da. Aerosol layer observation of 2015 Calbuco volcanic eruption over the LALINET São Paulo station. In: WORKSHOP ON LIDAR MEASUREMENTS IN LATIN AMERICA, 9th, July 17-22, 2016, Santos, SP. Abstract... 2016. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/27992. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: Using three lidar systems around the city of Manaus, the behavior of the cirrus clouds in the region was investigated. The measurements were conducted during the second GoAmazon 2014/5 Intensive Operating Period (IOP2), from August 15 to October 15, in the dry season of 2014. The three systems were operated continuously at the sites T3, downwind and 60 km to the west of Manaus; T2 (3.21 ºS 60.60 ºW), also downwind of Manaus but just across the Negro river to the west; and T0e (2.89 ºS 59.97 ºW), an upwind site east of Manaus located in campus of Embrapa. These different sites were selected for GoAmazon 2014/5 to measure the effects on aerosols and clouds of different levels anthropogenic pollution, in an otherwise pristine tropical rainforest environment. From the analysis of individual 5-min backscatter profiles, we investigate the statistical distribution of cirrus clouds base and top altitude characteristics; and also the cloud optical depth for the three sites. Mean characteristics for the cirrus clouds measured in the three sites are discussed and the relations between these results are investigated. The cirrus clouds are frequent cloud in the three sites during the dry season. Comparisons with cloud optical depth from sun-photometer in T0e and T3 sites and base height from ceilometer in T3 site were conducted.

GONZALEZ, BORIS B.; BARBOSA, HENRIQUE; GOUVEIA, DIEGO A.; LANDULFO, EDUARDO; ALMEIDA, PAULO. Characteristics of cirrus clouds in the Central Amazon region during the Intensive Observational Period in the dry season 2014 as part of the GOAMAZON experiment. In: WORKSHOP ON LIDAR MEASUREMENTS IN LATIN AMERICA, 8th, April 6-10, 2015, Cayo Coco, Cuba. Abstract... 2015. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/31232. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: The hygroscopic behavior of aerosols is of great interest in the recent decades because of the importance in computing the radiative forcing of aerosols in the energy balance of the planet. The last report of the IPCC in 2013 shows that the uncertainty associated to the interactions between aerosols and clouds is high, and more research in this area is needed in order to give more information about the indirect effect of aerosols. The LIDAR (Light Detections and Ranging) is a technique that can be used to study the hygroscopic growth of aerosols under varying relative humidity conditions, and the main advantage of the technique is the possibility of studying the hygroscopicity next to the saturation in an unperturbed atmosphere. During the NASA Discover-AQ in 2011, a Raman LIDAR operated at the Howard University in Beltsville, United States, at the same time a nephelometer inside an airplane was sampling the same aerosol population. Then, the hygroscopic growth factor of the aerosols was computed using both instruments, and the results are now being compared. In this work, the result obtained by the LIDAR will be shown and compared to the nephelometer results obtained by Ziemba et al (2013) for 05 July 2011. The different methodologies adopted are explained and discussed. The good agreement between both instruments shows LIDAR is a promising technique in this field of study.

RODRIGUES, PATRICIA F.; WHITEMAN, DAVID; VANABLE, DIMITRIUS; DEMOZ, BELAY; WALKER, MONIQUE; LANDULFO, EDUARDO. Comparison of the hygroscopic behavior of aerosols obtained by Raman LIDAR and nephelometry: the NASA Discover-AQ experience. In: WORKSHOP ON LIDAR MEASUREMENTS IN LATIN AMERICA, 8th, April 6-10, 2015, Cayo Coco, Cuba. Abstract... 2015. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/31240. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: The Green Ocean Amazon experiment (GoAmazon2014/5) seeks to understand how aerosol and cloud life cycles are influenced by pollutant outflow from a large industrial city in the tropical rain forest, particularly the susceptibility to cloud-aerosol-precipitation interactions and the feedbacks among biosphere and atmosphere functioning and human activities. For this purpose, six research sites were setup at different distances upwind and downwind from Manaus, in the central Amazon forest, and three of these have vertical profiling capabilities. A micropulsed lidar (MPLnet) from DOE/ARM is being operated at T3 site (3.21°S 60.59°W), 60 km downwind to the west of Manaus. A portable Raymetrics aerosol raman lidar from IPEN/SP was operated T2 site (3.21 ºS 60.60 ºW, 5 km downwind) during the second Intensive Operating Period (IOP2), and measures directly the emissions from Manaus. The third system is the UV Raman lidar from the University of Sao Paulo, continuously operated since 2011 at T0e (2.89 ºS 59.97 ºW), an upwind site 10 km to the east. T0e serves as a reference station, as the air masses there are not influenced by the local urban emissions. Using these three lidar systems and the AERONET stations at T3 and T0e, the scattering and absorption properties of the Manaus and biomass burning plumes were investigated. The measurements were conducted during the biomass-burning season, from August 15 to October 15 2014. Scattering aerosol optical thickness varied from 0.1 to 1.5, with a regression coefficient of 0.980.02, showing similar scattering properties at T0e vis-à-vis T3 and thus little influence of the Manaus plume. For the absorption AOD, however, values ranged from 0.05 to 0.8 and the regression coefficient was 2.2(2), indicating a much more absorbing aerosol at T3. A similar result was observed in the vertical. The aerosol backscatter profiles from T2 and T0e were remarkably similar, and even small-scale vertical structures of about ~100m inside the biomass burning plume were not destroyed as the air mass travels 36 km over the city and the river. The night-time aerosol extinction profiles, however, showed substantially more absorption at T2 then at T0e although not enough to justify the different absorption AOD. Possible reasons will be explored and discussed.

BARBOSA, HENRIQUE de M.J.; BARJA, BORIS; GOUVEIA, DIEGO A.; LANDULFO, EDUARDO; ALMEIDA, PAULO; HOLANDA, BRUNA A.; PAULIQUEVIS, THEOTONIO; ARTAXO, PAULO; MARTIN, SCOT. Disentangling the Manaus pollution plume from the biomass burning plume during the second GoAmazon 2014/5 Intensive Operating Period (IOP2). In: WORKSHOP ON LIDAR MEASUREMENTS IN LATIN AMERICA, 8th, April 6-10, 2015, Cayo Coco, Cuba. Abstract... 2015. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/31235. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: The objective of this work is describe some results of the Natal LIDAR system (DUSTER), an integrating station of The Latin America Lidar Network (LALINET), aimed to detect and evaluate the transcontinental transport of Sahara dust (SD) to the Brazilian territory during the aerosol MOnitoring campaign Long-­‐range Transportation OVer Natal I (MOLOTOV I) which occurred from December 2016 to February 2017. The city of Natal is located in northeastern Brazil and is one of the continental points closest to the African continent, a important fact to observe the entry of SD in the South American continent. The DUSTER system allows the detection of signals at wavelengths of 355 nm, 532 nm (parallel), 532 nm (perpendicular) and 1064 nm. To detect and characterize SD aerosols and other particles in the atmosphere, DUSTER uses the ability of suspended aerosol particles to change the polarization state of light. The data retrieved by DUSTER allow calculate fundamental parameters in the characterization of atmospheric aerosols such as linear volume depolarization ratio (𝛿!) and particle linear depolarization ratio (𝛿!). Campaign data showed that on a few days the value of 𝛿! varied between 0.09 and 0.33 at a transport altitude within the range of 1-­‐3.3 km above sea level indicating in some cases probably a mixture of SD with other types of aerosols such as marine particles, anthropogenic pollution or biomass burning smoke. The data obtained with DUSTER have allowed verify the seasonality of this transport, the altitudes of detected particles and study its optical properties.

GUEDES, ANDERSON G.; LANDULFO, EDUARDO; HOELZEMANN, JUDITH; LOPES, FABIO J.S.; SILVA, MARCOS P.A.; SANTOS, RENATA S.S.; GUERRERO-RASCADO, JUAN L.; ALADOS-ARBOLEDAS, LUCAS; DUARTE, EDICLE S.F. Evaluation of the transport of atmospheric Sahara dust on Natal-RN through the LIDAR technique of depolarization. In: INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON SAND/DUSTSTORMS AND ASSOCIATED DUSTFALL, 9th, May 22-24, 2018, Tenerife, Spain. Abstract... 2018. p. 249-249. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/30128. Acesso em: $DATA.

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