Abstract: The role of skin wound healing the biochemical mechanisms are still not fully understood and spectroscopy may shine some light on this information. The Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy coupled with Attenuated Total Re°ectance (ATR-FTIR) has been demonstrated potential to monitor the biomolecule activity upon biological samples. This work aims to evaluate the feasibility of using ATR-FTIR to discriminate burned skin throughout wound stages. Water vapor at 90±C was applied to the dorsum of Wistar rats resulting in standardized third-degree burns. Tissue samples were collected after 3±, 7±, 14± and 21 days post burn injury. For the acquisition of the spectra, 150 scans were averaged with a resolution of 4 cm¡1 and wavenumbers ranging from 4000 to 400 cm¡1. Analysis of the spectra was calculated using MATLABR°R2015a (MathWorks, Natick, MA) software. Fingerprint region (900 - 1800 cm¡1) and high wavenumber (2800 - 3000 cm¡1) of spectra were o®set-corrected and vector normalized. Area under the curve (AUC) of collagen (1236 cm¡1), amide II (1540 cm¡1), amide I (1632 cm¡1) and lipid (2852 cm¡1) of each group were performed by integration method. The FTIR results exhibit the high biochemical activity of the tissue in the 14o post burn injury when it is compared with control group which correspond to the stage when the new tissue formation is still ongoing. The lipid content decrease in the 21 day, which suggest that the metabolic activity and structural reorganization decrease as the wound healing progress. For future works, micro-FTIR imaging will be used spatially discriminate the bands.

CASTRO, PEDRO A.A. de; ZEZELL, DENISE M.; MORAIS, MYCHEL R.P.T.; ZORN, TELMA M. Semi quantitative evaluation of skin burn wound healing: ATR-FTIR study. In: ENCONTRO DE OUTONO DA SOCIEDADE BRASILEIRA DE FÍSICA, 42., 26-31 de maio, 2019, Aracaju, SE. Resumo... São Paulo: Sociedade Brasileira de Física, 2019. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/30218. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy is a rapid and label-free analytical technique that provide information about the overall biochemical pro¯le of biological samples based on the vibrations of its basic molecular components (carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and nucleic acids) that are infrared active. The potential biomedical applications of FTIR spectroscopy as a tool for cancer diagnosis have been well demonstrated over the last years. However, most studies have focused on evaluate the diagnostic ability of FTIR by comparing healthy tissue to cancers on advanced stage and few studies have centered on evaluating the early stages of cancer. Thus, the present study aims to demonstrate the ability of FTIR spectroscopy to discriminate healthy skin from advanced skin cancer (squamous cell carcinoma) as well as from early stages of malignancy using the information retained by spectral data. Cutaneous neoplastic lesions were chemically-induced on Swiss mice using a well-stablished two-stage carcinogenesis protocol. Healthy tissue was collected from animals non-exposed to chemicals and di®erent disease stages were obtained by varying the exposure time of animals to carcinogenenic factors. Tissue sections were obtained from formalin-¯xed para±n-embedded (FFPE) and placed on calcium °uoride substrates. FTIR hyperspectral images were acquired in transmission mode over mid-infrared spectral region and compared using Principal Components Analysis (PCA) associated to Linear Discriminant Analysis (PC-LDA). Satisfactory data discrimination (accuracy, sensitivity and speci¯city) was achieved by PC-LDA and the variables responsible by classi¯cation were evaluated in order to assess the spectral changes of skin components during the transition of healthy into diseased state. Our ¯ndings demonstrate the potential of FTIR spectroscopy not only for skin cancer diagnosis, but also to evaluate the biochemical events triggered by cancer without requiring laborious and time-consuming procedures or expensive labeled probes as biomarkers.

LIMA, CASSIO; BYRNE, HUGH; CORREA, LUCIANA; ZEZELL, DENISE. Molecular pathology via infrared spectral imaging for skin cancer diagnosis. In: ENCONTRO DE OUTONO DA SOCIEDADE BRASILEIRA DE FÍSICA, 42., 26-31 de maio, 2019, Aracaju, SE. Resumo... São Paulo: Sociedade Brasileira de Física, 2019. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/30216. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: Gamma radiation changes the patients0 oral cavity undergoing radiotherapy. Alterations cause an unsaturated environment of calcium and phosphate into the oral cavity. After approval of the Ethics Committee, 20 hu- man teeth were sectioned to obtain 20 human enamel and 20 dentin samples, polished plane. Samples were randomized in the irradiated group and control group (untreated). Then, the treatment group was irradiated with 25:0 kGy at the 60Co multipurpose irradiator. After the gamma irradiation, Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), percentage of surface microhardness loss (%SMHL) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) were performed. At the end, acidic biopsies were performed to quantify the concentration of calcium present in the samples. FTIR showed that the molecular structure of HA of the enamel is similar to the non- irradiated, with no formation or loss of molecular compounds occurring. X-ray °uorescence at enamel samples was performed. Microscopic morphological analysis did not shown signi¯cant di®erences. Surface microhardness is an indirect indicator of the mineral content of the samples. The mean obtained was 258:2 (38:8) KHN within the hardness spectrum of the healthy natural enamel. The compounds present in the samples and the values of the ratios of Calcium and Phosphate oxides and relation between the elements Calcium and Phosphorus. The ratio of the most stable oxides shows a variation with linear correlation. In the enamel, the ratio (Ca/P) shows a change in the elemental content with linear correlation (R2 = 1). These ¯ndings lead us to a new hypothesis of behaviour of the HA crystal versus gamma irradiation. On the other hand for the irradiated dentin, the Knoop hardness number was within the range of the spectrum similar to that of natural dentin of human origin. X-ray °uorescence shows that irradiated dentin has great similarity with natural dentin from the point of view of chemical composition. SEM analyses showed that there was no thermal damage or interprismatic morpho- logical changes in the hydroxyapatite structure of human dental dentin outside the buccal environment when using doses of gamma irradiation up to 25 kGy.

ZAMATARO, CLAUDIA B.; KUCHAR, NIELSEN G.; SCAPIN, MARCOS A.; ZANINI, NATHALIA; CASTRO, PEDRO; RABELO, THAIS F.; JUVINO, AMANDA C.; ZEZELL, DENISE. Calcium analysis from gamma sterilized human dentin and enamel. In: ENCONTRO DE OUTONO DA SOCIEDADE BRASILEIRA DE FÍSICA, 42., 26-31 de maio, 2019, Aracaju, SE. Resumo... São Paulo: Sociedade Brasileira de Física, 2019. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/30214. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: Ceria-based ceramics have been proposed to be used as solid electrolyte in solid oxide fuel cells operating at intermediate (500-750°C) temperatures, due to their high ionic conductivity. Samarium ion is recognized as one of the most reliable dopants for cerium oxide because of its lower association energy with oxygen vacancies. One challenge posed to ceria-based solid electrolytes is how to improve sinterability, avoiding high temperatures to attain good densification. Thermal treatments at high temperatures may reduce Ce4+ to Ce3+, favoring electron transport and generation of micropores in the sintered electrolyte. Introduction of a second additive is a usual approach to overcome these constraints. In this work calcium ion was chosen as the second additive. Sm0.2-xCaxCe0.8O1.9-x/2 compositions, with x = 0, 0.025, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15 and 0.2, were prepared by solid-state reaction, and the influence of the additive content on densification and ionic conductivity was investigated. All compositions were found to have cubic fluorite-type structure. The optimal composition was Sm0.175Ca0.025Ce0.8O1.888, which showed a relative density of 97%, single phase and higher ionic conductivity than the Sm0.2Ce0.8O1.9 parent electrolyte.

REIS, S.L.; MUCCILLO, E.N. Influence of calcium addition on the electrical conductivity of samarium doped ceria. In: INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE & EXPOSITION ON ADVANCED CERAMICS AND COMPOSITES, 42nd, January 21-26, 2018, Daytona Beach, Florida, USA. Abstract... Westerville, OH, USA: The American Ceramic Society, 2018. p. 97-97. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/30208. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: Co-generation of energy (heat and electric power) with ceramic solid oxide fuel cells requires consolidation of anode-electrolyte- cathode single cells with a dense electrolyte and porous anode and cathode. The consolidation is usually achieved by sintering the three-layer single cells according to special procedures to produce flat square shape cells. Non-conventional consolidation of several ceramic materials used in energy-conversion devices has been done with success in several ceramic materials by electric field-assisted pressureless sintering, producing porous or dense components. The same approach has been tried in a flat single solid oxide fuel cell with yttria-stabilized zirconia solid electrolyte, lanthanum strontium manganite cathode and yttria-stabilized zirconia/nickel oxide anode with promising results, opening new routes for future low cost production of these devices. There is still a challenge in using that technique for joining ceramic single cells to metallic interconnector, one of the research areas of Dr. Mrityunjay Singh. Our efforts now are directed to carry out experiments aiming the joining of ceramic single cells to metallic interconnects by application of electric fields.

MUCCILLO, R.; MUCCILLO, E.N. Non-conventional joining of a ceramic solid oxide fuel cell to a metallic interconnect. In: INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE & EXPOSITION ON ADVANCED CERAMICS AND COMPOSITES, 42nd, January 21-26, 2018, Daytona Beach, Florida, USA. Abstract... Westerville, OH, USA: The American Ceramic Society, 2018. p. 208-208. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/30206. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: INTRODUÇÃO: Trachemys scripta elegans (Wied-Neuwied, 1839), é uma espécie de tartaruga de água doce, nativa da América do Norte, pertencente à subordem Cryptodira e à família Emydidae. Possui uma ampla distribuição geográfica devido à sua comercialização e adaptação a diversos habitats. Sua alimentação varia de acordo com o seu período de vida. Enquanto jovens, elas se alimentam principalmente de carne e quando adultas, de vegetais. No Brasil, a espécie é considerada invasora, e é comercializada ilegalmente como pet. Quando esses animais crescem, eles costumam ser agressivos e por esse motivo seus donos costumam abandoná-los em parques da cidade nos quais contém lagos que possivelmente estejam contaminados. Por isso, a caracterização elementar em amostras biológicas de organismos que vivem nestes ambientes possui grande importância para avaliar a concentração de elementos acumulados no animal, assim detectando possíveis contaminantes presentes nos corpos d’água que possam vir a interferir na saúde humana e qualidade ambiental. OBJETIVO: Identificar contaminantes presentes nos cascos de tartarugas Trachemys scripta elegans adultas, removidas dos parques da cidade de São Paulo. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Foram utilizadas 10 fêmeas adultas, doadas pelo DEPAVE (Departamento de Parques e Áreas Verdes da Prefeitura de São Paulo), já eutanasiadas e congeladas no Centro Universitário São Camilo. Antes do início dos estudos foi obtido parecer CEUA (02/015). Para a realização da análise de contaminantes, feita através da Análise por Ativação com Nêutrons (AAN) no reator nuclear de pesquisas IEA-R1 do Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares (IPEN), foi feita a separação do escudo epidérmico e do osso dos cascos das tartarugas com auxílio de bisturi e lupa. Todo material coletado foi colocado em envelopes, identificados e etiquetados. Alíquotas de 150 mg a 200 mg de cada amostra, e também, os materiais de referência foram inseridos em sacos de polipropileno, selados e enviados ao reator. As amostras irradiadas foram medidas em um detector e analisadas pelo software WinnerGamma. Após o cálculo das concentrações, foram interpretados os resultados e comparados com o da literatura. RESULTADOS: Foram identificados os elementos Br, Ca, Fe, K, Na e Zn. A maior concentração de Zn foi de 255± 8 mg/kg?¹ em uma amostra de escudo epidérmico e a menor foi de 64±2 mg/kg?¹ no osso. As concentrações de Zn variaram entre as amostras do escudo e osso, tendo sempre maiores valores no escudo. Ca e Na apresentaram comportamento oposto, tendo maiores concentrações no osso. O K foi detectado em apenas duas amostras do escudo. A concentração de Br foi semelhante entre as amostras de escudo epidérmico e osso e o mesmo ocorreu com o elemento Fe. CONCLUSÃO: Através da análise feita, foi possível identificar elementos em altas concentrações. Além disso, são necessários outros estudos com animais em ambientes controlados para relacionar essas concentrações com o que pode ser encontrado em seu habitat.

DEL SANTOS, NAYARA D.; AUGUSTO, VICTORIA M.; SARTORI, LUCIANA P.; LEONARDO, LUCIO; DAMATTO, SANDRA R. Caracterização elementar em amostras de tartarugas de água doce Trachemys scripta elegans. In: CONGRESSO MULTIPROFISSIONAL DO CENTRO UNIVERSITÁRIO SÃO CAMILO, 3rd, 9-10 de novembro, 2018, São Paulo, SP. Resumo... São Paulo: Centro Universitário São Camilo, 2018. p. 15-15. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/30204. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: Sr- and Mg-doped lanthanum gallate is a well known oxide-ion conductor with potential application in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells operating at intermediate temperatures (500-700oC). One of the main concerns on this solid electrolyte is related to impurity phases, frequently observed even in chemically synthesized powders, due to gallium loss during sintering. La0.9Sr0.1Ga0.8Mg0.2O3-d, LSGM, containing small amounts of Ga2O3 and Sr3Ga2O6 were prepared by solid state reaction, and the effects of the additives on microstructure and ionic conductivity were investigated after sintering at 1350oC. Gallium oxide addition promoted grain growth of LSGM and increased the fraction of the gallium-rich impurity phase. In contrast, strontium gallate addition favored reduction of the fraction of impurity phases. The intragrain conductivity of LSGM increases with gallium oxide addition, whereas strontium gallate improved both the intra- and the intergrain conductivities of LSGM.

REIS, S.L.; MUCCILLO, E.N. Influence of gallium-based additives on microstructure and ionic conductivity of doped-lanthanum gallate. In: CONFERENCE ON ELECTRONIC AND ADVANCED MATERIALS, January 17-19, 2018, Orlando, Florida, USA. Abstract... Westerville, OH, USA: The American Ceramic Society, 2018. p. 73-73. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/30201. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: Solid electrolytes based on rare earth-doped cerium dioxide are of considerable interest for potential application in intermediate- temperature solid oxide fuel cells, IT-SOFC. Nevertheless, some constraints related to their sintering behavior along with improvement of the ionic conductivity are still object of investigation. In this work, dysprosium ion was chosen as a second additive/dopant, aiming to obtain a ceramic solid electrolyte with optimized ionic conductivity. Compounds of Sm0.2-xDyxCe0.8O1.9 with 0 % x % 0.2 were prepared by solid-state reaction, and the influence of the additive content on densification and ionic conductivity was analyzed by density, X-ray diffraction and impedance spectroscopy measurements. All compositions were found to exhibit cubic fluorite-type structure. The sintered solid electrolytes achieved densities higher than 92% of the theoretical value after sintering at 1500°C/3 h, and higher ionic conductivity than the Sm0.2Ce0.8O1.9 parent electrolyte.

REIS, S.L.; MUCCILLO, E.N. Effects of dysprosium oxide on sintering behavior and electrical conductivity of samarium doped ceria. In: CONFERENCE ON ELECTRONIC AND ADVANCED MATERIALS, January 17-19, 2018, Orlando, Florida, USA. Abstract... Westerville, OH, USA: The American Ceramic Society, 2018. p. 35-35. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/30199. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: Angiotensin-converting enzyme I (ACE) is a key part of the renin-angiotensin system whose main function is to regulate blood pressure. The sACE possesses two domains, N- C-, with catalytic sites which exhibit 60% sequence identity. These domains differ in terms of chloride-ion activation profiles, rates of peptide hydrolysis of angiotensin I, bradykinin, angiotensina (1-7), beta-amyloid peptide and sensitivities to various inhibitors. A more detailed analysis shows that these regions are composed of HEMGH and EAIGD sequences, which are the catalytic sites. Our question is: If the synthesis of catalytic sites with corrects structure and activity could be a good model per si to study new drugs. In our laboratory the catalytic site of the C-domain was obtained with correct structural conformation and with enzymatic activity. The objective this work is to obtain the Ala361 to Gli468 catalytic site, N-domain, in a structural conformation that resembles its native form. The 380 pb cDNA to catalytic site was cloned in the pE1 vector (kindly provided by Dr. David Wood), elastinlike-polyptide (ELP) tag sequence was linked with catalytic site, ELP~csACEn recombinant protein, this was expressed in bacteria with Terrificus broth with 0.1 mM IPTG for 20h. Harvested cells were resuspended in TE buffer, after sonication and centrifugation the pellet was resuspended the same buffer. The ELP~csACEn was precipitated with 0.8 M ammonium sulfate and the tag sequence was cleaved by pH change, pH 6.2. All steps were analyzed by SDS-PAGE, Dot and Western blotting. The catalytic site was synthesized from bacterial system with ELP sequence tag in soluble form. The purification process was done by ammonium sulfate precipitation and cleavage of the ELP sequence by changing to acidic pH. The characterization of catalytic site by SDS-PAGE shows that this is pure and Western blotting immunological assay confirmed the identity of the protein as csACEn. The strategy used to obtain the Ala361 to Gli468 catalytic site in soluble and pure form was successful. The next steps: we will continue with the Maldi-tof and structural conformation analyzes.

SANTOS, CAROLINA M. dos; FIGUEIREDO, ALINE M. de; LEITE, RODRIGO C.; CAMARGO, NATANE M. de; AFFONSO, REGINA. A new approach to obtain the catalytic site of human Angiotensin Converting Enzyme. In: EUROPEAN SYMPOSIUM ON BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING SCIENCES, 12th, September 9-12, 2018, Lisbon, Portugal. Abstract... Frankfurt am Main, Germany: European Society of Biochemical Engineering Sciences - ESBES, 2018. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/30194. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: Photodynamic inactivation (PDI) and NO-releasing chitosan nanoparticles (CSNPs) were associated to treat cutaneous leishmaniasis in mice to verify synergism between therapies. Parasite burden, lesion size and hyperalgesia were analyzed. CSNPs were not able to improve PDI.

CABRAL, F.V.; PELEGRINO, M.T.; SEABRA, A.B.; RIBEIRO, M.S. Could NO-releasing chitosan nanoparticles improve photodynamic therapy on cutaneous leishmaniasis?. In: LATIN AMERICA OPTICS AND PHOTONICS CONFERENCE, November 12-15, 2018, Lima, Peru. Resumo expandido... Washington, DC, USA: OSA, 2018. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/30161. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: Biological molecular bonds with an electric dipole moment that can change by atomic displacement due to natural vibrations are infrared active and therefore are quantitatively measured by Fourier transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), which is a rapid and label-free analytical tool that has been used to study the chemical interactions between biomolecules. The potential of FTIR spectroscopy as a diagnostic tool to discriminate cancerous from healthy tissue in a non-subjective manner has been well demonstrated. However, translation into clinical practice has been relatively slow, mainly due to the expensive and fragile infrared substrates required to perform the measurements. Thus, this study aims to demonstrate the ability of FTIR microspectroscopy to discriminate healthy skin from hyperplastic, papilloma and squamous cell carcinoma using standard H&E stained samples placed on glass slides. After approval of the ethics committee for research on animals (Comite de Etica no Uso de Animais, CEUA) of Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares (IPEN) (project no. 164/15-CEUA-IPEN/SP), cutaneous neoplastic lesions were chemically-induced in the back of Swiss mice using a well- -stablished two-stage carcinogenesis protocol [1]. Healthy tissue was collected from animals non-exposed to chemicals and different diseased stages (hyperplastic epidermis, papillomatous lesions and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC)) were obtained by varying the exposure time of the animals to carcinogenenic factors.Tissue sections of 5 μm thickness were obtained from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE), hematoxylin & eosin stained and placed on glass slides. FTIR images were acquired in transmission mode over the spectral range 3000-3800 cm-1 with a pixel size of 6.25 × 6.25 μm at a spectral resolution of 4 cm-1. Spectral data were vector normalised and subjected to smoothing using Savitzky–Golay filtering with a polynomial of second order in an eleven point window. Principal components analysis (PCA) was applied and the PC scores were used as input data for linear discriminant analysis (PC-LDA) in a binary classification test. The groups were pairwise compared and the method was validated by leave-one-out cross-validation (LOOCV). All pre-processing and spectral analysis were performed on Matlab® R2017. Considering the sensitivity as the proportion of spectra collected from healthy tissue correctly identified in the healthy group and specificity as the proportion of spectra measured from neoplastic skin correctly associated to neoplastic group, the performance of classification obtained by PC-LDA was calculated for each pairwise comparison: Healthy × Hyperplastic, Healthy × Papilloma, Healthy × SCC, Hyperplastic × Papilloma, Hyperplastic × SCC, Papilloma × SCC. Sensitivity and specificity values over 90% were obtained for all groups compared, indicating that the information retained by bands peaking at 3000-3700 cm-1 in the infrared spectra — associated with the stretching vibrational modes of N-H, O-H and C-H chemical bonds on biological tissue — can discriminate normal and malignant tissue using H&E stained samples placed on glass slides. Thus, FTIR spectroscopy associated to PC-LDA as a binary classification test may be used as a complementary tool to help physicians to detect early stages of skin cancer, as well as to differentiate different types of cutaneous tumors.

LIMA, CASSIO; CORREA, LUCIANA; BYRNE, HUGH; ZEZELL, DENISE M. FTIR spectroscopy: a valuable tool to diagnose cutaneous tumors. In: NEXT FRONTIERS TO CURE CANCER, 10-12 de maio, 2018, São Paulo, SP. Abstract... São Paulo: A.C.Camargo Cancer Center, 2018. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/30151. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: Records stored in natural archives, such as those for lake sediments, are used in environmental programmes for the assessment of changing erosion rates in a catchment arising from disturbances, and to monitor pollution by heavy metals and other contaminants. Accurate sediment chronologies are important to interpret those practices. One of the most important methods for dating recent sediments is through 210Pb. This radionuclide occurs naturally as one of the 238U decay series. It is widely distributed on Earth owing to its decay from radium in the ground or from radon that emanates to the atmosphere. The 210Pb is deposited as particulates and falls into lakes where it is scavenged from the water column and deposited in the basins. The elevated 210Pb concentrations are measured using the gamma spectrometry technique. However, this technique has a low sensitivity and small values are difficult to detect or require a long measurement time. The determination of 210Po (a decay product of 210Pb) using alpha spectrometry is more sensitive and rapid. The aim of this paper is to compare the activity concentrations of the two radionuclides in lake sediment samples to evaluate the use of 210Po in the dating of sediments with low levels of 210Pb.

ALMEIDA, H.C.; NASCIMENTO, T.B.S.; TADDEI, M.H.T.; MAZZILLI, B.P. Comparison of 210Pb and 210Po activity concentrations for sediment dating. In: INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON NATURALLY OCCURRING RADIOACTIVE MATERIAL, 8th, October 18-21, 2016, Rio de Janeiro, RJ. Proceedings... Vienna, Austria: IAEA, 2018. p. 213-217. (Proceedings Series IAEA). Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/30146. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: High resolution gamma-ray spectrometry is currently the most widely used analytical technique for qualitative and quantitative determination of radionuclides. Quantification of elements relies on the correct analysis of the spectra, depending strongly on the efficiency calibration of the measurement apparatus, most often performed with aqueous standard multi-radionuclide solutions. For efficiency calibration curves obtained by this method and for samples containing radionuclides of natural origin such as sand, soil, rocks and wall paint with apparent typical densities higher than that of water, self-attenuation correction factors were experimentally determined for hundreds of different samples using the Cutshall transmission technique. The results show that, to obtain more reliable analyses, correction factors for the self-attenuation behaviour, especially in the lower part of the energy spectrum, should be used. Since attenuation depends not only on the density of the sample but also on its chemical composition, correction factors have to be determined for each sample.

PECEQUILO, B.R.S.; CAVALCANTE, F.; BARROS, L.F.; FERREIRA, A.O.; FONSECA, L.M.; MATEUS, C. Self-attenuation factors in gamma-ray spectrometry of samples containing radionuclides of natural origin. In: INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON NATURALLY OCCURRING RADIOACTIVE MATERIAL, 8th, October 18-21, 2016, Rio de Janeiro, RJ. Proceedings... Vienna, Austria: IAEA, 2018. p. 461-465. (Proceedings Series IAEA). Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/30144. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: Natural radiation is generally classified as terrestrial primordial radiation or cosmogenic radiation. Primordial radiation is mostly due to the decay series of 238U and 232Th and is present in soil, sediments and water; another important source of natural radiation is 40K. Reservoirs are a very dynamic system with several phenomena to study, due to their huge impact on ecosystems and river flow. Ponte Nova reservoir (23°34'43.23"S, 45°56'56.76"W) is the first reservoir in a cascade system that was built in the 1970s to control the Upper Tietê River basin water flow. In the present work, the activity concentrations of 238U, 226Ra, 210Pb, 232Th, 228Th, 228Ra and 40K were determined using instrumental neutron activation analysis and gamma spectrometry in soil profiles collected in the catchment area of Ponte Nova Reservoir and sediment cores collected close to the soil samples. The highest concentration obtained in the soil samples was for 40K that varied from 49 to 2410 Bq/kg and 210Pb in the sediment samples, which varied from 20 to 774 Bq/kg. Cluster analysis and principal component analysis were applied to all the results obtained to verify a probable correlation between the radionuclides determined in the soil and sediment samples.

SILVA, A.R.; DAMATTO, S.R.; LEONARDO, L.; GONÇALVES, P.N.; SOUZA, J.M.; MADUAR, M.F. Radionuclides of natural origin in environmental samples collected in the catchment area of Ponte Nova reservoir, São Paulo, Brazil. In: INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON NATURALLY OCCURRING RADIOACTIVE MATERIAL, 8th, October 18-21, 2016, Rio de Janeiro, RJ. Proceedings... Vienna, Austria: IAEA, 2018. p. 179-185. (Proceedings Series IAEA). Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/30142. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: In this investigation we intend to introduce bene¯ts to clinical practice in children, especially newborns and premature infants using an alternative procedure based on X-ray °uorescence technology (XRF). The establish- ment of alternative method, focusing on the use of small amounts of blood (a drop) for ions dosage, contributes with actions to humanize health care with minimal su®ering in the sense of adding another alternative for labo- ratory analysis in the pediatric practice. The dimension of this problem can be evaluated when a 3 kg newborn is considered to have between 280 mL and 300 mL of blood, while a preterm of 1 kg is in the range of 180 - 200 mL. As a result, blood collections for laboratory and functional tests in pediatric practice are the main causes of transfusions in infants, especially premature babies, depending on the dysfunction or treatment the child may need two to three collections per day. Based on these facts, the objective of this work is to analyze blood of newborns, concomitant with the traditional collection ("foot test"). The Ca, Cl, Fe and K dosage in blood samples of were determined using XRF technique. The blood samples came from the nursery of the Hospital of Itapecirica da Serra (S~ao Paulo city, Brazil). The X-Ray Fluorescence analysis was performed using X-Ray Spectrometer (X-123 SDD model - Amptek). The XRF analytical technique showed to be appropriate o®ering a new contribution to the neonatal clinic with actions to humanize health care, guaranteeing diagnostic accuracy with minimal su®ering and exposure to risks in the pediatric practice.

ZAMBONI, C.B.; SOUZA, G.O.; ALVARENGA, A.M.; GIOVANNI, D.N.S.; AZEVEDO, M.R.; KONSTANTYNER, T. Detection of ions by XRF for use in the neonatal clinic. In: BRAZILIAN MEETING ON NUCLEAR PHYSICS, 41th, September 2-6, 2018, Maresias, SP. Abstract... São Paulo: Sociedade Brasileira de Física, 2018. p. 1-1. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/30115. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: The caterpillars Lonomia obliqua Walker (L. obliqua) species, commonly found in southern Brazil, is very poisonous and can cause severe damage in human (haemorrhagic e®ects) after the contact that can lead to death [1]. The ¯rst case of poisoning (registered in Brazil) occurred in 1989 and the average number of accidents is closer to 500/year [2]. Nowadays, the Butantan Institute (Research Center at S~ao Paulo city, Brazil) is active in the production of this antiveneom in Latin America; it is the only producer of antilonomic serum. However, in the last two years, this caterpillar has been found in other regions due, mainly, to the expansion and destruction of natural ecosystems provide their growth in all regions of the country. To ensure that the antivenom produced (considering the di®erent origins) can be used for the manufacture of unaltered antilonomic serum, it is necessary to standardize this antidote. We intend to standardize the serum obtained from di®erent regions of origin using X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF). The experimental conditions using the compact XRF spectrometers (X-123SDD, Amptek) were optimized. The results will be compared and validated with INAA analysis.

LEÃO, ANICARINE R.; ZAMBONI, CIBELE B.; SILVA, DALTON G.N. da; MENDONÇA, RONALDO Z.; SIMONS, SIMONE M. Alternative for the quality control of antivenom production proposed by Lonomia obliqua caterpillars using analytic techniques. In: BRAZILIAN MEETING ON NUCLEAR PHYSICS, 41th, September 2-6, 2018, Maresias, SP. Abstract... São Paulo: Sociedade Brasileira de Física, 2018. p. 1-1. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/30113. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: In this investigation, we intend to determine potassium levels in human blood aiming to study in more details the common de¯ciencies in Brazilian population helping their diagnostic well as to facilitate the interpretation of data deriving from clinical practice. The potassium takes part in the human being metabolism and it is very important for preservation of the osmotic and acid-base equilibria of human °uids, so its variations are generally associated to pathological processes. The objective of this study is the establishment of reliable potassium reference value in blood, using EDXRF technique, with emphasis on the statistical treatment. The samples came from Blood Banks from di®erent parts of Brazil. The biological samples were obtained from a select healthy group (male and female blood donors), following the procedure conventionally establish for blood donation. The in°uence of sex and age was evaluated considering several range for age (18-20, 21-30, 31-40, 41-50, 3 51 years). The result is presented following a descriptive statistics procedure, which includes the evaluation of mean, standard deviation, median and mode. This statistical treatment make possible the comparison with data derived for di®erent population groups. These results show small di®erences when a comparison is performed in function of age and sex emphasizing the necessity to adopt ranges.

CAVALCANTI, H. de S.; MIURA, VIVIANI M.; ZAMBONI, CIBELE B.; SILVA, DALTON G.N. da; AZEVEDO, MARIA R. The potassium reference value in blood in inhabitants of Brazil using EDXRF technique. In: BRAZILIAN MEETING ON NUCLEAR PHYSICS, 41th, September 2-6, 2018, Maresias, SP. Abstract... São Paulo: Sociedade Brasileira de Física, 2018. p. 1-1. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/30111. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: Efficient biochemical characterization of burn wound healing stages can improve clinical routine to adjust the patient treatment. The Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy coupled with Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR-FTIR) is an analytical technique that has potential capability to provide spectral biomarkers in biological material. This study aims to evaluate the feasibility of using ATR-FTIR to classify burned skin, to be able, in the future, to follow the regenerative process in patients. Wistar rat burn tissues were evaluated by ATRFTIR spectroscopy at 3, 7, 14, 21 days after burn and compared with the healthy group samples (H). For the acquisition of one spectrum, 150 scans were averaged with a resolution of 4 cm-1 and wavenumbers ranging from 4000 to 400 cm-1. Analysis of the spectra was performed using MatLab R2017a (MathWorks, EUA) software. The fingerprint region between 900 to 1800 cm-1 was separated and normalized by amide I band area. For smoothing purpose, spectra were submitted to Savitzky-Golay filter with a polynomial of second order in a fifteen points window. All spectra data were submitted to the hierarchical cluster using the single method and standardized Euclidean distance. The classification results demonstrated separation to non-wounded groups with an accuracy of 91,8% (H vs. 3D), 87,83% (H vs. 7D) and 97,96% (H vs. 14D). Interestingly, when the results from the healthy group were compared to the 21D group, the accuracy dissimilarity was 26%, which suggests that they are chemically similar implying that after 21 days the burned lesions are entirely recovered. These findings indicate that when an adequate multivariate method is applied, ATR-FTIR is suitable to detect the wounded and non-wounded skin as well as its healing stages. In this way, it is possible to conclude that ATR-FTIR can be an auxiliary analysis for the clinical routine for skin burn wound healing.

CASTRO, PEDRO A.A. de; ZEZELL, DENISE M.; MORAIS, MYCHEL R.P.T.; ZORN, TELMA M.T. ATR-FTIR spectral monitoring of burn wound healing in skin by hierarchical cluster. In: ENCONTRO DE OUTONO, 41., 06-11 de maio, 2018, Foz do Iguaçu, PR. Resumo... São Paulo: Sociedade Brasileira de Física, 2018. p. 1-1. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/29828. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: The skeletal systems is a complex mixed compounds, organic and inorganic, that should present a mechanical resistance to perform functions as protection of the vital organs and load distribution. Gamma radiation is an ionizing radiation that comes from radioative sources or X-ray generator and it is commonly used in health establishments such as radio diagnostic exams, radiotherapy and sterilization of allograft. The characterization of the irradiated bone tissue can be an important tool in the study of the components that are aÆected and how much each dose of ionizing radiation can alter its mechanical properties. This information will be very important in in vitro and ex vivo studies where sterilization of the bone material is necessary and may still be useful in understanding the eÆects on the bone tissue of patients undergoing short-term radiotherapy. For this, 110 samples of bovine femur diaphysis were randomized into 11 groups: G1- untreated (control); G2 to G11 were submitted to gamma irradiation (60Co Gammacel). Samples were polished before irradiation and submitted to a Knoop Microhardness Test to determine the hardness of bovine bone and Fourier transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Spectra were collected in the midinfrared range in Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR) sampling mode associated whit PCA multivariate technique to evaluate the molecular changes in bone matrix. The microhardness analysis did not present a significant statistical diÆerence between the irradiated and control groups, showing that ionizing radiation did not aÆect the mechanical structure of the samples, on a micro scale. The results of FTIR with the PCA technique were eÆective in separating all groups, especially those irradiated with doses of 0.002 kGy, 10 kGy and 35 kGy. We conclude that ATR-FTIR spectroscopy associated with PCA is a good method to evaluate the biochemical changes promoted by ionizing radiation in bone matrix. It was observed that hardness was not altered by gamma irradiation and FTIR spectroscopy associated with PCA is a good method to analyze the changes in bone tissue submitted to ionizing radiation.

DIAS, DERLY A.; PEREIRA, DAISA L.; GOMES, GABRIELA V.; SUGAHARA, VANESSA M.L.; ZAMATARO, CLAUDIA B.; ZEZELL, DENISE M.; MATHOR, MONICA B. Effects of gamma irradiation on bovine bone microhardness and molecular structure. In: ENCONTRO DE OUTONO, 41., 06-11 de maio, 2018, Foz do Iguaçu, PR. Resumo... São Paulo: Sociedade Brasileira de Física, 2018. p. 1-1. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/29826. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: Bovine teeth are widely used to infer results on a human population. Considering this, an analysis of the mineral content of bovine enamel, focusing the hidroxiapatite (HA), was carried out to evaluate the homogeneity of the sample universe for future experiments with laser irradiation as a substitute of human teeth enamel. Twelve samples of 5 x 5 mm bovine enamel were prepared and polished plane. The mineral content was calculated through surface microhardness (SMH) and morphology by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Main molecular components of the enamel were analysed by Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS). Surface microhardness is an indirect indicator of the mineral content of the samples, which was 258.2 (38.8) KHN. The compounds present in the samples, the values of Calcium and Phosphate oxides and the ration Ca/P were analizes. As expected Phosphorus pentoxide and Calcium oxide were the main constituent of the samples (57.4 to 59.9%). The CaO/P2O5 ratio shows a variation with linear correlation (R2 = 1). The elemental ratio (Ca/P) shows a change in the elemental content with linear correlation (R2 = 1). 30% of the samples presented Strontium oxide, 30% had Zirconium dioxide, 10% had Magnesium oxide and 40% had Silicon dioxide. All samples showed Sulfur trioxide, Iron trioxide and Chlorine. 10% did not shown Zinc oxide. 5% had Potassium oxide and Nickel oxide in its composition. The surface microhardness results, although only for the initial homogenization of the sample universe, showed a Knoop hardness number within a spectrum similar to that of natural hydroxyapatite of human origin. The EDS results show that bovine enamel hydroxyapatite present great similarity with that from human enamel hydroxyapatite from the point of view of chemical composition. These results corroborate the use of bovine hydroxyapatite in substitution of hydroxyapatite of human origin. Despite the inter-species similarity, it is possible to note that in the same species the composition of hydroxyapatite varies. In the bovine species, the feeding, the period of formation of the dental germs and the origin are more standardized and controlled than in humans. Nevertheless, it is possible to notice a variation of the components elements of bovine dental enamel, and it is necessary to restrict an interval of hardness and Ca/P values to homogenise the samples properties for use in any experiment.

ZAMATARO, CLAUDIA B.; PEREIRA, DAISA L.; GOMES, GABRIELA V.; ALVES, NATHALIA Z.; CASTRO, PEDRO A.A.; DIAS, DERLY A.; ZEZELL, DENISE M.; SCAPIN, MARCOS A. Molecular characterization of ex-vivo natural bovine dental enamel. In: ENCONTRO DE OUTONO, 41., 06-11 de maio, 2018, Foz do Iguaçu, PR. Resumo... São Paulo: Sociedade Brasileira de Física, 2018. p. 1-1. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/29824. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: In this study, we investigated the ability of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy to discriminate healthy tissue and thermal injury, aiming the development of an optical method to evaluate the wound healing process.

CASTRO, PEDRO; LIMA, CASSIO; ZORN, TELMA M.T.; ZEZELL, DENISE M. FTIR spectroscopy: an optical method to study wound healing process. In: LATIN AMERICA OPTICS AND PHOTONICS CONFERENCE, November 12-15, 2018, Lima, Peru. Resumo expandido... Washington, DC, USA: OSA, 2018. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/29820. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: The important alteration of gamma irradiated hydroxyapatite in the buccal cavity depends on the biochemical alteration of the environment. The hydroxyapatite analyzed isolated showed a minimal molecular change of the crystal.

ZAMATARO, CLAUDIA B.; SCAPIN, MARCOS; KUCHAR, NIELSEN G.; ZANINI, NATHALIA; ZEZELL, DENISE M. Molecular analysis of human and bovine hydroxyapatite from dental enamel and dentin submitted to gamma radiation. In: LATIN AMERICA OPTICS AND PHOTONICS CONFERENCE, November 12-15, 2018, Lima, Peru. Resumo expandido... Washington, DC, USA: OSA, 2018. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/29818. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: The effect of Er,Cr:YSGG laser on dentin demineralization was evaluated by optical coherence tomography, which was able to quantify and to evidence that this laser is a promissory alternative for preventing dentin caries.

ANA, PATRICIA A.; SILVA, ELIZABETE dos S.F.; BENETTI, CAROLINA; AMARAL, MARCELO M.; ZEZELL, DENISE M.; GOMES, ANDERSON S.L. The use of optical coherence tomography for the evaluation of the effects of an infrared laser on dentin demineralization. In: BIOPHOTONICS CONGRESS: BIOMEDICAL OPTICS, April 3-6, 2018, Hollywood, Florida, USA. Resumo expandido... Washington, DC, USA: OSA, 2018. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/29816. Acesso em: $DATA.

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