Abstract: The High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) is a thermoplastic material with good performance and general use properties in the manufacturing industry being processed and blow molded, extruded and injected. Its low cost and easy processing makes HDPE one of the materials most used in the manufacture of several products in the world. Being a thermoplastic, its recycling is allowed, through a simple process and without major demands, however, due to the large consumption a large amount of material is generated in addition to costly recycling processes. In the recycling process there are losses of properties and the quality of the material thus compromising the use of the same, as well as, its applications in the market. The objective of this work is to study an additive developed as a rheology modifying agent for use in recycled materials. The materials were prepared according to 8 types divided into two groups with and without addition of additive and in the process condition being reprocessed or milled. Preliminary results such as Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy indicate the presence of peroxide in the additive, but in small amounts without the ability to completely crosslink. Mechanical tests with the test Proof Bodies (CP) for tensile, impact and flexural strength show great improvement in their properties, however in the fluidity index there is a decrease. The thermogravimetric or Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) tests present little variation of the mass loss for the CP, and the Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) the presence of endothermic reactions. This work can contribute by facilitating the use of recycled HDPE in a more practical and efficient manner, taking into account the industrial and environmental demands from the addition of additive with maintenance of the mechanical properties of the recycled material.

Palavras-Chave: calorimetry; fourier transformation; infrared spectra; polyethylenes; recycling; rheology; thermal gravimetric analysis

ARRUDA, MARCOS A. Preliminary evaluation of the rheological properties of High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) with use of recycling reology agent. In: INTERNATIONAL NUCLEAR ATLANTIC CONFERENCE, October 21-25, 2019, Santos, SP. Proceedings... Rio de Janeiro: Associação Brasileira de Energia Nuclear, 2019. p. 2578-2584. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/30643. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: To obtain the mesoporous nanostructured SBA-15 silica particles, a chemical reaction was perfomed using a template – a triblock copolymer (Pluronic 123®) - and a silica source - the tetraethyl orthosilicate - in acid medium. These silica particles were obtained by classical chemical reaction method and irradiation process (gamma rays from 60Co-Gammacell) at absorbed dose values of 0.5 kGy, 10 kGy and 25 kGy. Then, these silica particles were dispersed in epoxy resin Araldite® GY260 (diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A - DGEBA) and a cure agent. The particles dispersion was evaluated by two methodologies: a) Melt blending mode, where silica particles are dispersed in hot resin; b) Solvent-blended solution mode, where silica particles are dispersed in epoxy resin/acetone mixture in order to prevent the agglomeration of the inorganic phase. The silica particles had the specific surface area calculated from BET (Brunauer-Emmett-Teller) equation, while the BJH (Barrett- Joyner-Halenda) equation was used to determine pore volume and average diameter. Silica particles presented high surface area and pores arranged in hexagonal nanoscale diameter. The TEM images for irradiated silica particles have confirmed the hexagonal pore ordering in SBA-15 even using low gamma absorbed doses. The infrared absorption spectra (FTIR) confirmed that the added organic solvent has been effectively removed. Images of optical microscope revealed dispersion of the components by solvent-blended solution mode allows a better components interaction.

Palavras-Chave: absorbed radiation doses; cobalt 60; epoxides; fourier transformation; gamma radiation; infrared spectra; nanostructures; resins; silica; surfactants; transmission electron microscopy

VIRGINIO, SUELI; GERALDO, AUREA B.C.; MACHADO, LUCI D.B.; COSENTINO, IVANA C.; MATOS, JIVALDO do R. Evaluation of ordered mesoporous silica SBA-15 dispersed in epoxy resin. In: INTERNATIONAL NUCLEAR ATLANTIC CONFERENCE, October 21-25, 2019, Santos, SP. Proceedings... Rio de Janeiro: Associação Brasileira de Energia Nuclear, 2019. p. 2545-2551. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/30641. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: Track-etched membranes (TeMs) are thin polymer films with pores of various geometries made by irradiating on the DC-60 cyclotron and subsequent chemical etching. The objective of this work is to evaluate the electrochemical behavior of track-etched membranes with embedded copper nanotubes (TeMs/CuNT) using Cyclic Voltammetry. TeMs were prepared from 12.0 μm polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film by irradiation with 84Kr+15 on the DC-60 heavy ion accelerator. The irradiated film was etched in a basic solution followed by H2O2/UV system. The characterization was performed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). For the electroless plating consists of three successive stages: sensitization, activation and directly deposition. The electrochemical studies was performed in two different media KOH and Na2SO4 adding adding 100uL aliquots of nitrate solution using Pt as counter electrode, Ag/AgI as reference and the copper as work electrode. The results showed the potential of TeMs/CuNT as nitrate sensor in sodium sulfate medium.

Palavras-Chave: copper; electrochemistry; electrolytes; etching; films; gamma radiation; heavy ion accelerators; irradiation; nanotubes; nitrates; scanning electron microscopy; sodium sulfates; water

ZDOROVETS, MAXIM; MASHENTSEVA, ANASTASSIYA; ANGNES, LUCIO; JACOVONE, RAYNARA M.S.; SAKATA, SOLANGE K. Electrochemical behaviour of track-etched membranes with embedded copper nanotubes. In: INTERNATIONAL NUCLEAR ATLANTIC CONFERENCE, October 21-25, 2019, Santos, SP. Proceedings... Rio de Janeiro: Associação Brasileira de Energia Nuclear, 2019. p. 2532-2537. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/30639. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: The aim of this research was to check the changes in the mechanical and thermal properties of poly(butylene adipate co-terephthalate)/poly(lactic acid) (PBAT/PLA) polymeric blend, which commercial name is Ecovio®, after radiation processing in different absorbed doses. PBAT and PLA are biodegradable polymers and the Ecovio® polymeric blend consists of at least 80% of polymers from renewable resources. The irradiation was performed in a Radiation Dynamics Inc. electron beam accelerator, with 1.5 MeV of energy and electric current of 25 mA. Samples were prepared for micrograph, mechanical and thermal analyses. These samples were irradiated with absorbed doses of 5 kGy, 10 kGy, 15 kGy, 25 kGy and 50 kGy. The samples, after irradiation, were submitted to experiments of ultimate strength, tensile strength, ultimate elongation, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results showed a good interaction between the components of the polymeric blends and the radiation effect on polymeric blend promoted changes in PBAT and PLA polymers, increasing tenacity of these biopolymers and consequently facilitating yarn formation in processing. In conclusion, these irradiated blends could be used to make environmental friendly products.

Palavras-Chave: absorbed radiation doses; accelerators; calorimetry; electron beams; irradiation; mechanical properties; mixing; polymers; radiation dose units; scanning electron microscopy; thermodynamic properties

MUNHOZ, PEDRO M.; SILVA, LEONARDO G. de A. e; HARADA, JULIO; NASCIMENTO, FERNANDO C.; CALVO, WILSON A.P. Poly (butylene adipate co-terephthalate)/poly (lactic acid) (PBAT/PLA) blend characterization processed by electron beam. In: INTERNATIONAL NUCLEAR ATLANTIC CONFERENCE, October 21-25, 2019, Santos, SP. Proceedings... Rio de Janeiro: Associação Brasileira de Energia Nuclear, 2019. p. 2510-2524. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/30637. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: The major part of the world production of hydrogen is originated from a combination of methane steam reforming and water gas shift reaction resulting in a n H 2 rich mixture known as reformate gas, which contains about 1% vol (10, 000 p pm) of carbon monoxide (CO). The preferential oxidation reaction of CO in H 2 rich mixtures (CO PROX) has been considered a very promising process for H 2 purification, reducing CO for values below 50 ppm allowing its use in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFC). Au nanopart icles supported on TiO 2 (Au/TiO 2 ) catalysts have been shown good activity and selectivity for CO PROX reaction in the temperature range between 20 ºC and 80 ºC; however, the catalytic activity strongly depend s on the preparation method. Also, the addition of Cu to the Au/TiO 2 catalyst could increase the activity and selectivity for CO PROX reaction. In this work, AuCu/TiO 2 catalysts with composition 0.5%Au0. 5%Cu/TiO 2 were prepared in a single step using electron beam irradiation, where the Au 3+ and Cu 2+ ion s were dissolved in water/2 propanol solution , the TiO 2 support was dispersed and the obtained mixture was irradiated under stirring at room temperature using different dose rates ( 8 64 kGy s 1 ) and doses 144 576 kGy The catalysts were characterized by energy dispersive X ray analysis (EDX), X ray diffraction (XRD), transmissi on electron microscopy (TEM), temperature programmed reduction (TPR) and tested for CO PROX reaction In the studied conditions, it was observed that the increase of t he dose rate and the total dose contributed to a decrease in the mean nanoparticle sizes. The best result was obtained with a catalyst prepared with a dose rate of 64 kGy s 1 and a dose of 576 kGy showed a CO conversion of 45% and a CO 2 selectivity of 30% at 150 o C.

Palavras-Chave: absorbed radiation doses; carbon monoxide; catalysts; copper; dose rates; electron beams; gold; hydrogen; irradiation; mixtures; nanoparticles; oxidation; titanium oxides; transmission electron microscopy; x-ray diffraction; x-ray spectroscopy

ALENCAR, CATARINE S.L.; PAIVA, ANA R.N.; SILVA, LEONARDO G. de A. e; SOMESSARI, ELIZABETH S.R.; VAZ, JORGE M.; SPINACE, ESTEVAM V. AuCu/TiO2 catalysts prepared using electron beam irradiation for the preferential oxidation of carbono monoxide in hydrogen-rich mixtures. In: INTERNATIONAL NUCLEAR ATLANTIC CONFERENCE, October 21-25, 2019, Santos, SP. Proceedings... Rio de Janeiro: Associação Brasileira de Energia Nuclear, 2019. p. 2481-2491. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/30635. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: Eggshell is a solid waste, with production of several tons per day and it is mostly sent to landfills at a high management cost. It is economically viable to transform eggshell waste to acquire new values, transforming it into a bioplastic: a biodegradable polymer made from bio mass. Chicken eggshell nano powder will be used for reinforcement of biodegradable polymers: PLA (poli lactic acid) and PBAT (butylene adipate co terephthalate), at 2.5, 5.0 and 10.0 %. Previous studies using PBAT/PLA, 50/50 blends containing 15% of chicken eggshell 125 μm improved mechanical behavior of net blends: values for both force and strain practically doubled, proving the effective reinforcement action of bio calcium carbonate. Biodegradable polymers as PLA (poli lactic acid) and PBAT (butylene adipate co terephthalate) are thermoplastics which can be processed using conventional polymer processing methods. PLA is high in strength and modulus (63 MPa and 3.4 GPa, respectively) but brittle (strain at break 3.8%) while PBAT is flexible and tough (strain at break ∼710%). In order to reduce interfacial tension exhibited by PLA/PBAT blend, compatibilization is fundamental: herein it was used as compatibilizing agent PLA previously e beam irradiated at 150 kGy: ionizing radiation induces compatibilization by free radicals, improving the dispersion and adhesion of blend phases, without the use of chemical additives and at room temperature. PBAT/PLA blends were prepared at the weight ratio of 82 / 18 together with compatibilizing agent: 5.0 % of PLA 150 kGy e beam radiated. Samples were first homogeneized in a co rotating twin screw extruder and further foamed in a mono screw extruder, by using CO2 as Physical Blowing Agent (PBA). Characterizations involved: DSC, TGA, FTIR, XRD, Tensile Strength and Elongation at Break.

Palavras-Chave: calorimetry; chickens; compatibility; eggs; fourier transformation; infrared spectra; ionizing radiations; mixing; nanopowders; polyesters; shells

CARDOSO, ELISABETH C.L.; PARRA, DUCLERC F.; SCAGLIUSI, SANDRA R.; LUGAO, ADEMAR B. Study of PBAT/PLA bio based foams reinforced with chicken eggshell nano powder compatibilized with ionizing radiation. In: INTERNATIONAL NUCLEAR ATLANTIC CONFERENCE, October 21-25, 2019, Santos, SP. Proceedings... Rio de Janeiro: Associação Brasileira de Energia Nuclear, 2019. p. 2443-2456. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/30633. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: Graphene is a 2D carbon-based nanomaterial that has a high specific surface area with remarkable physical and chemical properties. These unique properties make graphene a nanomaterial with wide electrochemical applications. However, it is not possible to functionalize graphene sheets and increase their field of application because there are no organic functions in their surface. So, an important precursor of graphene, graphene oxide (GO), then contains oxygen functional groups on the surface is been using functionalized. Partial reduction of graphene oxide leads to reduced graphene, a nanomaterial that combines both properties of graphene and graphene oxide: an excellent electrical and thermal conductivity and remaining oxygen groups that allow its functionalization. In the literature it is described many ways to produce reduced oxide graphene from graphene oxide, such as chemical reduction using hydrazine hydrate or NaBH4 or thermal reduction using high temperatures. Here in it is described an attractive and green process to reduce graphene oxide in aqua solution using gamma radiation. Exfoliated graphene oxide (1-100mg / L) under inert medium was submitted to gamma radiation. The radiation dose ranged from 20 to 80 kGy and the product was centrifuged. The characterization was performed by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Infrared Spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) and Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The XRD results demonstrated characteristic diffraction peaks at about 10° and 25° corresponding to GO and Graphene, respectively, indicating the rGO formation. ATR-FTIR showed the characteristic peaks of functional groups (epoxy, hydroxyl and carboxyl) for GO. After the gamma irradiation, it was noticed a reduction at the intensity of the peaks at of carboxyl/carbonyl an increase at aromatic carbon bond. TGA analysis indicated a decrease of the oxygen groups.

Palavras-Chave: fourier transformation; gamma radiation; graphene; infrared spectra; irradiation; nanomaterials; radiation dose ranges; thermal gravimetric analysis; water; x-ray diffraction

JACOVONE, RAYNARA M.S.; TOMINAGA, FLAVIO K.; BRANDAO, OCTAVIO A.B.; GARCIA, RAFAEL H.L.; SAKATA, SOLANGE K. Synthesis of reduced graphene oxide by gamma irradiation. In: INTERNATIONAL NUCLEAR ATLANTIC CONFERENCE, October 21-25, 2019, Santos, SP. Proceedings... Rio de Janeiro: Associação Brasileira de Energia Nuclear, 2019. p. 2398-2405. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/30631. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: Nowadays, car tires are not provided with inner air or tubeless, pointing toward a technical evolution. Nevertheless, trucks tires even use at present inner tires, composed almost fully by a synthetic material, which ensures either a good potential for air constraint or longer periods for inspection of tires pressure. Inner tire is located inside the tire which does not have any extra sealing in the wheel to withstand compressed air. It is designed to resist to expansion of these elements, inside common tires. This rubbery and vulcanized coating has chemical and physical characteristics which enable it to bear a very high air pressurization, avoiding leakages while protects tire outer frame. Inner tires models are exposed to higher temperatures and pressures that contribute to accelerate abrasion. This work aims to the study of mechanical properties changes of an inner tire used in trucks, after gamma rays exposure, in order to promote further material recycling. Ionizing radiation choice was due to its capacity to modify materials structure and properties besides its applicability for rubbers recycling/recovery. For samples characterization, non-irradiated and irradiated at 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 kGy, there were accomplished following tests: tensile and elongation at break, hardness, thermal ageing and CHN elementary analysis. It was observed a decrease in mechanical properties for irradiated samples at doses higher than 20 kGy,.

Palavras-Chave: chemical properties; cobalt 60; dose rates; gamma radiation; irradiation; mechanical properties; radiation dose units; rubbers; tires; trucks; vulcanization

SCAGLIUSI, SANDRA R.; CARDOSO, ELISABETH C.L.; CAVIQUIOLI, FERNANDO; SALES, RICARDO M.; LUGAO, ADEMAR B. Study of mechanical and chemical properties stability of inner tubes exposed to gamma radiation. In: INTERNATIONAL NUCLEAR ATLANTIC CONFERENCE, October 21-25, 2019, Santos, SP. Proceedings... Rio de Janeiro: Associação Brasileira de Energia Nuclear, 2019. p. 2379-2387. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/30629. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: Chitosan is a polyssacharide obtained from chitin’s molecule deacetylation which is the main constituent of some fungi species and the exoskeleton of crustaceans, insects and mollusks. Frequently the production of chitosan is from the crab shells and shrimps that are byproducts of the fishing industry, so it is highly dependent on seasonality. Therefore, finding new chitin’s sources become important. The amino groups present in chitosan give important biological properties such as biodegradability and biocompatibility, activity/immunological effects and antibacterial healing. The chitosan deacetylation process is an aggressive reaction since it requires the attack of chitineous substrate in hot and high concentrated alkalis solution by 1 to 17 hours. It is possible to reduce reagent concentration and time using high-energy irradiation (gamma rays and electron beam). The advantages of radiation use in high-energy include: the absence of chemical initiators, the process can be performed at room temperature and there is no need for the use of solvents. In this work, crab shell, shrimps, squid glads and blattaria were used in order to compare the quality of chitosan found in each animal source. After pretreatment, which include the steps of demineralization and deproteinization, the samples were irradiated at a dose of 20 kGy (gammacell) in order to reduce the deacetylation time. The chitosan from the used chitin sources was characterized by FTIR analysis and its degree of deacetylation was determined.

Palavras-Chave: acetylation; chitin; cockroaches; crustaceans; demineralization; fungi; gamma radiation; irradiation; radiation doses

FERREIRA, MAIARA S.; MOURA, EDUARDO; GERALDO, AUREA B.C. Ionizing radiation applied to one step conversion from different sources of chitin. In: INTERNATIONAL NUCLEAR ATLANTIC CONFERENCE, October 21-25, 2019, Santos, SP. Proceedings... Rio de Janeiro: Associação Brasileira de Energia Nuclear, 2019. p. 2358-2365. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/30627. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: Plutonium-238 is currently still the best fuel to power satellites to be sent to deep space in regions where the solar panels can no longer efficiently receive the sunlight. For 50 years, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) has used this radioisotope as a fuel in radioisotope thermoelectric generators (RTGs) installed on satellites such as Pioneer 10 and 11, Voyager 1 and 2, Cassini-Huygens and New Horizons, as well as the various rovers sent to the Moon and to Mars, among others. Plutonium-238 is not a naturally occurring isotope on the planet, it was produced in greater quantity during the Cold War period, as a by-product of the production of Plutonium-239 used for nuclear bombs. However, after the shutting down of the Savannah River reactors in 1988 and the ending of the Soviet Union in 1991, the United States stock of Plutonium-238 has been increasingly reduced, which threatens NASA's future space projects. Commentaries on the options available to the United States, from restarting the production of this fuel, to possible alternatives for a new type of fuel or equipment that may supply the spacecrafts, are also presented.

Palavras-Chave: plutonium 238; fuels; radioisotopes; reactors; nuclear fuels; satellites; plutonium oxides; control rooms; fuel elements

SMITH, RICARDO B.; ROMERO, FERNANDA; VICENTE, ROBERTO. Plutonium-238: the fuel crisis. In: INTERNATIONAL NUCLEAR ATLANTIC CONFERENCE, October 21-25, 2019, Santos, SP. Proceedings... Rio de Janeiro: Associação Brasileira de Energia Nuclear, 2019. p. 2345-2351. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/30625. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: Two-dimensional (2D) cell models are extensively used in biomedical research to evaluate the efficacy and safety of new drugs. However, these conventional approaches do not precisely mimic the complexity of the organ microenvironment. To overcome this obstacle, three-dimensional (3D) spheroid cell structures usually referred to as spheroids are being developed to better represent the morphological and functional similarity to the tissues. Among several techniques currently employed to produce three-dimensional cell cultures, one of the most promising is the magnetic levitation, which consists of the magnetization of the cells through adsorption of magnetic nanoparticles of iron oxide (Fe3O4), which are produced by the reaction of Fe2+ and Fe3+ ions in alkaline medium. This work produced paramagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (PIONs) by coprecipitation from an Fe2+ source. The reduction to Fe3+ was obtained by the ionization caused by gamma radiation (60Co) at 15 or 30 kGy radiation absorbed doses. After functionalization with poly-lysine, the nanoparticle suspensions were characterized by XRD, FTIR, zeta potential analysis, DLS and TEM which showed the successful attachment of the carboxylate groups to iron, explaining the ability of the particles to be adsorbed by the membranes. Biological assays showed that these PIONs were biocompatible and efficiently could be applied to develop prostate 3D tumor spheroids model for drug screening.

Palavras-Chave: absorbed radiation doses; biological materials; cell cultures; cobalt 60; gamma radiation; iron ions; iron oxides; nanoparticles; spheroids; x-ray diffraction

CORAZZA, FULVIO G.; PASSOS, PRISCILA de Q.S.; LIMA, MAYELLE M.P.; TOMINAGA, FLAVIO K.; SAKATA, SOLANGE K.; GONÇALVES, KARINA O.; COURROL, LILIA C.; VIEIRA, DANIEL P. Synthesis of paramagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles for application in in vitro three-dimensional biological models through gamma radiation and microwave reduction of iron ions. In: INTERNATIONAL NUCLEAR ATLANTIC CONFERENCE, October 21-25, 2019, Santos, SP. Proceedings... Rio de Janeiro: Associação Brasileira de Energia Nuclear, 2019. p. 2284-2295. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/30623. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: In Brazil, hydrothermal quartz may be found in the geodes of the basaltic rocks of the Paraná Basin and in the vein systems of quartzites of the Serra do Espinhaço. The quartz of hydrothermal origin of the Paraná Basin contains a great amount of structurally bound water in the form of molecular water, silanol, hydroxyl and abundant growth defects that are responsible for the green color formed by irradiation. To register the influence of water in the formation of the green color in the quartz of the Paraná Basin, quartz samples from the following regions were analyzed: Artigas, located in the Paraná Basin, Curvelo and Brejinho located in Serra do Espinhaço. The quartz from Artigas, formed at low temperature, has high concentration of molecular water and silanol and a greater amount of Fe than Al. The quartz from Curvelo with Al, but, without water molecular and silanol was formed by intermediate temperature and the quartz from Brejinho has very little Al, Fe and a small silanol and molecular water content. To characterize these samples, ICP and NIR-FTIR spectroscopic measurements have been taken, together with water loss techniques and color stability, by UV treatment and heating. The analysis by FTIR spectrometry of Artigas quartz samples shows strong absorptions of H2O and Si-OH, respectively, near the regions of 5300 cm-1 and 4500 cm-1. This content of molecular water and silanol in hydrothermal quartz of Artigas is responsible for the formation of NBOHC defects that produce, by gamma radiation, the green color.

Palavras-Chave: chemical analysis; cobalt 60; color; comparative evaluations; defects; fourier transformation; gamma radiation; icp mass spectroscopy; infrared spectra; infrared spectrometers; irradiation; quartz; quartzites; ultraviolet radiation; water

ENOKIHARA, CYRO T.; SCHULTZ-GUTTLER, RAINER A.; RELA, PAULO R. Comparative analysis of quartz treated with gamma radiation originated from the hydrothermal geodes of the Paraná Basin (Artigas-Uruguay region), with quartz generated in the hydrothermal veins of Serra do Espinhaço (Curvelo-MG and Brejinho-BA regions). In: INTERNATIONAL NUCLEAR ATLANTIC CONFERENCE, October 21-25, 2019, Santos, SP. Proceedings... Rio de Janeiro: Associação Brasileira de Energia Nuclear, 2019. p. 2262-2275. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/30621. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: Exotic nuclei cross sections data became crucial for the nuclei formation study existing in nature and for the reactors engineering. These data are currently determined in experiment realized in post-accelerator or high intensity neutron sources. So, in IPEN is being studied an experiment to calculate the neutron-rich nuclei cross section using the IEA-R1 reactor. The first step is to development software in GEANT4 to determine 140Ba quantities when a Uranium sample is irradiated. 140Ba is an interest element in nuclear astrophysics with halflive sufficient to be detected in Uranium fission chain within nuclear reactors. The GEANT4 Detector Construction class is the class where the Uranium sample and neutron source are localized and the Physics and Process class determine the neutron source beam characteristics. Two tests were performed with different neutron quantities in the irradiated beam which is directed to a Uranium sample, with 20% of U235 and 80% of U238, in box shape. For the first test were produced 121 nuclei. And, for the second test was produced 3568 nuclei, being a value reasonable to detect in the experiment.

Palavras-Chave: barium 140; computer codes; computerized simulation; cross sections; iear-1 reactor; irradiation; monte carlo method; neutron beams; neutron sources; uranium

LONGHINI, EDUARDO P.; GENEZINI, FREDERICO A.; MORALLES, MAURICIO. Detector simulation in GEANT4 to reach 140Ba in the uranium fission fragment. In: INTERNATIONAL NUCLEAR ATLANTIC CONFERENCE, October 21-25, 2019, Santos, SP. Proceedings... Rio de Janeiro: Associação Brasileira de Energia Nuclear, 2019. p. 2243-2249. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/30619. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: Instrumental neutron activation analysis technique (INAA) has been used to determine Br, Ca, Cl, Cr, Fe, K, Mg, Na, P and S concentrations in whole blood of GRMD dogs’ samples from control, carrier and affected dogs (treated and untreated). The GRMD dogs are relevant as an experimental model for Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD), which is the most severe and prevalent type of muscular dystrophy. Muscle weakness, premature death and instability of the membrane that involves the muscle fibers - causing functional/structural abnormalities and cell death - are main characteristics of this genetic disease. To show in more details the alterations that this disease may cause in whole blood, correlations matrixes were generated for control, carried and affected groups permitting a comparison between them. The results emphasize physiologic differences for K and Mg and suggest that Br results are altered, emphasizing a constant monitoring need. Other than that, these results may help the researchers to evaluate the efficiency of new treatments and to compare the advantages of different treatment approaches before performing tests in patients with muscular dystrophy.

Palavras-Chave: blood; bromine; dogs; genetics; muscles; neutron activation analysis; skeletal diseases; x-ray fluorescence analysis

METAIRON, SABRINA; ZAMBONI, CIBELE B.; SILVA, DALTON G.N. da. Correlation analysis of inorganic elements in whole blood of GRMD dogs using INAA. In: INTERNATIONAL NUCLEAR ATLANTIC CONFERENCE, October 21-25, 2019, Santos, SP. Proceedings... Rio de Janeiro: Associação Brasileira de Energia Nuclear, 2019. p. 2204-2209. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/30617. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: The objective of experiment was determinate the radiation dose for disinfestation to mango Mangifera indica cv. Haden, infested by Anastrepha fraterculus larvae. For realization of the experiment, were collected fruits in the field, which were taking to Entomology laboratory where there was a infestation by the flies in cages during 72 hours period. Waited for the development of the larvae and before 5 – 8 days to infestation, the mangos were irradiated in a Cobalt-60 source with doses of: 0(control), 50, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900, 1000, 1.100, 1.200 and 1.300 Gy. After the irradiation, the fruits were placed in climate chamber with 25 ±5°C of temperature and 70±5% of relative humidity, posteriorly waited the larvae exit to out of the fruit until the transformation in pupae and posteriorly in adult stage. By the results obtained our can concluded that the lethal dose to larvae in mangoes infested with 5-8 days after infestation were 600 Gy and 1.000 Gy (0.6 and 1 kGy) respectively. The dose of 50 Gy prevented the total adult emergence for both treatments.

Palavras-Chave: cobalt 60; disinfestation; flies; gamma 10 devices; larvae; mangoes; pest control; radiation doses

ARTHUR, PAULA B.; MACHI, ANDRE R.; LEANDRO, R.S.R.; ARTHUR, VALTER. Disinfestation of mangoes haden infested by Anastrepha fraterculus (Wied., 1830) (Diptera, Tephritidae), with gamma radiation. In: INTERNATIONAL NUCLEAR ATLANTIC CONFERENCE, October 21-25, 2019, Santos, SP. Proceedings... Rio de Janeiro: Associação Brasileira de Energia Nuclear, 2019. p. 2184-2190. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/30615. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: Due to difficulties of vegetative propagating of any pants, many tests were performed with ionizing radiation aiming the modification of the characteristics of the plants for obtaining of the improved genotypes and of smaller size. Rootstock “Espada” cultivar, were used to obtain mango seedlings of “Tommy” cultivar. The cuttings were irradiated with different doses of gamma radiation: 0 (control), 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10.0 Gy, in a source of Cobalt-60 type Gammacell-220, installed in the Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, CENA-USP. After irradiation, was performed the grafting type cleft graft. Was made the first evaluation of height of the plants from the budding grafting after 24 months. Data were subjected by statistic program (SAS) and the means were compared by Tukey test (p <0.05). From the results obtained can be concluded that the doses of 2.5 Gy stimulated growth of the plants and the lethal dose was 10.0 Gy because don’t have development of plants.

Palavras-Chave: cobalt 60; gamma radiation; grafts; irradiation; lethal doses; mangoes; radiation doses; seedlings

FRANCO, SUELY S.H.; FRANCO, JOSE G.; FERRARI, LUIZ; MACHI, ANDRE R.; LEANDRO, RODRIGO S.R.; ARTHUR, PAULA B.; ARTHUR, VALTER. Propagation of mango seedlings of the cultivar “Tommy” by grafts irradiated. In: INTERNATIONAL NUCLEAR ATLANTIC CONFERENCE, October 21-25, 2019, Santos, SP. Proceedings... Rio de Janeiro: Associação Brasileira de Energia Nuclear, 2019. p. 2157-2161. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/30613. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: The “licuri” fruit palm (Syagrus coronata) is harvested extractively from palm trees that grow in native forests, pastures, and in association with other cultures being part of the regional economy in the hinterland of Bahia. Among the problems related to the “licuri” palm is the insect specie Pachymerus nucleorum (Fabricius, 1792), which stands out as a pest of economic importance because it causes direct damages to the “licuri's” almonds. Due to this the objective of the work was to determine the lethal doses of gamma radiation for the phases of egg, larvae and pupae of Pachymerus nucleorum aiming at its control in almonds of coconuts of licuri. A Cobalt 60 irradiator, Gammacell-220 type, installed at the Institute of Energy and Nuclear Research - IPEN / CNEN, located in São Paulo / Brazil, at a dose rate of 748 Gy / h, was used to carry out the research with the Pachymerus nucleorum biological cycle. Each treatment for all stages of egg, larvae and pupae inside of coconuts consisted of 3 replicates with 12 coconuts each, in a total of 216 coconuts per test that were irradiated in the following doses: 0 (control), 50, 75, 100 and 125 Gy. After irradiation, the samples were stored at a temperature of 25 ± 5 ° C and relative humidity of 70 ± 5%, where the development of egg, larvae and pupae stages until adult transformation in irradiated almonds. From the results obtained it is concluded that the dose of 125 Gy was sufficient to interrupt the development of the phases of the insect. Therefore, this dose of radiation can be used for quarantine treatment of the immature stages of Pachymerus nucleorum in the coconuts of “licuri” Syagrus coronata palm.

Palavras-Chave: beetles; cobalt 60; coconuts; dose rates; eggs; gamma radiation; insects; irradiation; larvae; pest control; pupae; radiation doses

NOGUEIRA, ALEXANDRA G.; NEGRAO, BIANCA G; ARTHUR, VALTER; VILLAVICENCIO, ANNA L.C.H. Application of ionizing radiation in the coconuts of “Licuri” Syagrus Coronata (mart.) in the control of the Pachymerus Nucleorum beetle (Fabricius, 1792). In: INTERNATIONAL NUCLEAR ATLANTIC CONFERENCE, October 21-25, 2019, Santos, SP. Proceedings... Rio de Janeiro: Associação Brasileira de Energia Nuclear, 2019. p. 2141-2149. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/30611. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: The development of starch films containing natural antioxidants is one alternative of active packaging. Starch is a well studied natural biopolymer that can be used for the development of biodegradable films because it presents a low cost, is easy to obtain and presents good ability to form films. Hibiscus sabdariffa, commonly known as roselle or red sorrel, is an annual herbaceous sub shrub that contains many types of biocompounds, including organic and phenolic acids. The aim of the present work was to determine the influence of electron beam irradiation on potato starch film containing hibiscus extract. The aqueous hibiscus solution was prepared by boiling for 3 min 1% w/ml dehydrated hibiscus flowers in 500 ml deionized water. The film forming solution was prepared by casting (5% potato starch, 3% glycerol as plasticizer and the hibiscus solution) and irradiated in a 1.5 MeV electron beam accelerator Dynamitron II (Radiation Dynamics Inc.), with doses of 0, 20, 40 and 60 kGy. After drying some mechanical properties were measured. The tensile strength of the control films and the irradiated ones was established. There were no significant differences among them. Hibiscus antioxidants were able to prevent the starch radiation degradation process caused by radiation induced free radicals.

Palavras-Chave: antioxidants; aqueous solutions; electron beams; irradiation; plants; potatoes; radiation dose units; radicals; starch

TEIXEIRA, BRUNA S.; CHIERENTIN, GABRIEL S.; DEL MASTRO, NELIDA L. Impact of electron beam irradiation in potato starch films containing hibiscus aqueous extract. In: INTERNATIONAL NUCLEAR ATLANTIC CONFERENCE, October 21-25, 2019, Santos, SP. Proceedings... Rio de Janeiro: Associação Brasileira de Energia Nuclear, 2019. p. 2114-2122. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/30609. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: Chia seeds (Salvia hispanica L.) is a good source of oil, protein, dietary fiber, minerals and polyphenolic compounds. In order to study the influence of the processing methods on the content of phenolic compounds, the objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of gamma radiation, doses 0-20 kGy, on the total phenolic compounds extracted from chia seeds. Seeds were first defatted and extracts produced with proper solvents. Total phenolic content was determined according to Folin-Ciocalteu’s method and the extraction solvents applied were ethanol 100%, ethanol 70%, ethanol 50%, methanol 100%, methanol 70% and methanol 50%. When using ethanol 100%, ethanol 70 %, ethanol 50%, methanol 100% and methanol 70%, the extraction yield was independent of the absorbed dose. With methanol 50%, the irradiation process affected positively the total phenolic yield from of chia seeds. In general, the absorbed dose as well as the nature of the solvent affected the extraction yield, although in a limited manner.

Palavras-Chave: antioxidants; cobalt 60; dose rates; food processing; gamma radiation; irradiation; radiation dose units; radiation effects; seeds

CHIERENTIN, GABRIEL S.; TEIXEIRA, BRUNA S.; DEL MASTRO, NELIDA L. Total phenolic compounds of irradiated chia seeds. In: INTERNATIONAL NUCLEAR ATLANTIC CONFERENCE, October 21-25, 2019, Santos, SP. Proceedings... Rio de Janeiro: Associação Brasileira de Energia Nuclear, 2019. p. 2102-2106. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/30607. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: Among various apple products, apple porridge is a much consumed product, not only for babies, but also for adults. It is a practical, healthy and tasty product that can be consumed throughout the day. However, it is an extremely perishable product. Therefore, the aim of this work was to evaluate the shelf-life period of apple porridge after the application of gamma radiation as a conservation technology. After the formulation of apple porridge was developed, which was subjected to gamma radiation at the dose of 1kGy in a dose tax of 0.356kGy.hour-1 and compared this treatment with the control (0kGy). From the results presented, it can be concluded that the period of conservation of apple porridge submitted to gamma radiation is 30 days. From the 60th day, the samples showed microbial growth, not being accepted for consumption. In comparison to the control, the use of gamma radiation was promising, since the standard sample showed contamination before 30 days. By the results it can be concluded that the dose used was adequate for the conservation of this product for the period evaluated.

Palavras-Chave: apples; chemical analysis; children; cobalt 60; dose rates; dosimetry; food processing; gamma radiation; irradiation; storage life

HARDER, MARCIA N.C.; BREVIGLIERI, ERIC; OLIVEIRA, BRUNA B.; ZAMBONI, KAREN; CARVALHO, SUZIANE; GOMES, SIMONE R.; ARTHUR, VALTER. Apple porridge submitted to gamma radiation for shelf-life extended. In: INTERNATIONAL NUCLEAR ATLANTIC CONFERENCE, October 21-25, 2019, Santos, SP. Proceedings... Rio de Janeiro: Associação Brasileira de Energia Nuclear, 2019. p. 2086-2092. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/30605. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: Food irradiation proves to be an effective technique of eliminating some pathogens from food and this has gained significant attention to its potential for food safety. Since 1990, studies on the toxicological safety of 2-Alkylcyclobutanones have been conducted extensively. 2- Alkylcyclobutanones are unique radiolytic products generated by the radiation-induced breakage of triglycerides in food, are exclusively found in irradiated lipid containing foods. 2-dodecylcyclobutanone (2-dDCB) and 2-tetradecylcyclobutanone (2-tDCB) are the predominant compounds detected in irradiated food. Despite studies showing non- genotoxicity of 2-ACBs (2-Alkylcyclobutanones), the results are conflicting and therefore we continue the studies in order to confirm the compounds safety for human health. In vivo micronucleus test were performed to verify the 2-ACBs genotoxic effects in hepatic cells using flow citometry. We used cocoa butter irradiated with 20 kGy at IPEN GAMACELL. A group with animals (IPEN Ethical Animal Experimentation Committee, process number 148/14) was treated with daily intake of irradiated cocoa butter, synthesized 2- Dodecylcyclobutanone and 2-Tetradecylcyclobutanone for two months. Hepatic cells were selected for genotoxicity analysis due to the liver importance in the compounds metabolization. Analyzes were made by micronucleus test with specific cells extracted from hepatic tissue using flow cytometry, which is an alternative to conventional techniques, allowing faster analysis and reduction in the animals number that is a subject much approached in research today. The improvement of the analytical techniques is important for the research future since the irradiation process is already consolidated. The results confirmed the safety of the food irradiation process, as they did not indicate the genotoxic potential of the samples.

Palavras-Chave: alkyl radicals; butter; cell flow systems; cocoa products; food processing; genetic effects; liver cells; mice; radiation doses; toxicity

MARTINS, REGIANE; VIEIRA, DANIEL P.; CARVALHO, LUMA R. de; BARBEZAN, ANGELICA B.; VILLAVICENCIO, ANNA L.C.H. In vivo genotoxicity of 2-Alkylcyclobutanones in liver cells from rats fed with irradiated cocoa butter using flow citometry. In: INTERNATIONAL NUCLEAR ATLANTIC CONFERENCE, October 21-25, 2019, Santos, SP. Proceedings... Rio de Janeiro: Associação Brasileira de Energia Nuclear, 2019. p. 2070-2078. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/30603. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: The seasoned flour is a typical Brazilian dish having its origin registered in the colonial period and its elaboration presents a high added value, in order to provide a food with higher nutritional value: carbohydrate (78.9%), lipids (13.6%), protein (2.1%) and dietary fibers (7.8%). The action of ionizing radiation in food occurs due to interactions of energy that modify chemical structures and is currently seen as a technological alternative in the improvement of the paste food in front of the food industries. The objective of this work was to characterize the effects of ionizing radiation on the rheological properties of degreased seasoned flours. The samples were obtained from the local market of São Paulo-SP/Brazil. They were irradiated at the IPEN-CNEN Radiation Technology Center (CTR) in an electron beam machine at doses of 0 (control) and 5 kGy (applied for microbiological aspects). The flour was degreased using hexane and analyzed for its bonding properties using RVA-Rapid Visco Analyzer (viscosity profile) and pasta stability (texturometer). The results demonstrated that irradiated farofa traditional and bacon there were significantly lower than the control. This is due to the interactions of the ionizing radiation with the amylose, which can be attributed to the viscosity loss in relation to the use of the dose, also observed similar tendency in the texture stability parameters. It was concluded that the irradiation presented significant interference in the rheological properties, expected results for the industries.

Palavras-Chave: electron beams; flour; ionizing radiations; irradiation; radiation effects; rheology; viscosity

SÁ, ANA P.N. de; NABESHIMA, ELIZABETH H.; VILLAVICENCIO, ANNA L.C.H. Effects of ionizing radiation on rheological properties of seasoned flour degreased. In: INTERNATIONAL NUCLEAR ATLANTIC CONFERENCE, October 21-25, 2019, Santos, SP. Proceedings... Rio de Janeiro: Associação Brasileira de Energia Nuclear, 2019. p. 2038-2045. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/30601. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: The irradiation of fresh post-harvest foods has as main interests: inhibit sprouting, increase shelf life, reduce or delay damage caused by insects and diseases. This work is a preliminary study on the use of gamma radiation in fresh peas grains (Pisum sativum L.) in order to evaluate its effects on the inhibition of sprout and its increase in shelf life. The peas were submitted to 4 treatments: 0 (control), 0.15, 0.30 and 0.45 kGy, in a 60Co research irradiator, after irradiation stored at 8 °C, being evaluated at 1, 7, 14 and 21 days after irradiation, for the following analyzes: assessments of visual appearance, total soluble solids, titratable total acidity, ratio, fresh weight loss, coloring, texture, pH, water content and ash. By visual evaluation it was observed that the irradiation did not significantly change the shelf life of the grains. The visual appearance, coloring and pH had interference due to the natural process of grain maturation. The doses of gamma radiation did not influence the content of ash, water and texture during storage and that dose of 0.45 kGy was not sufficient to inhibit the sprouting of the peas. It is possible to conclude that, with this work, a recommendation that, for the later works, in which one wishes to define the shelf life or to inhibit sprouting pea, initiate the irradiation of its samples with values above 0.45 kGy.

Palavras-Chave: cobalt 60; food; gamma radiation; peas; radiation dose units; radiation effects; sprout inhibition; storage life

ALBANO, ANDRESSA M.S.; ARTHUR, VALTER. Application of gamma radiation in PEA (Pisum sativum L.) in natura to inhibit sprouting and increase shelf life. In: INTERNATIONAL NUCLEAR ATLANTIC CONFERENCE, October 21-25, 2019, Santos, SP. Proceedings... Rio de Janeiro: Associação Brasileira de Energia Nuclear, 2019. p. 2015-2029. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/30599. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: Macadamia (Macadamia integrifolia) is an edible nut species with commercial importance also in cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries due to its high concentration in monounsaturated fatty acids and its low cholesterol levels. Macadamia cake or meal is the byproduct obtained after oil removal by cold pressing. The process presents low extraction yields, generating partially defatted meal as a byproduct, being in that way a product with still great potential of nutritious applications. Irradiation is a food processing procedure that allows the extension of shelf life and can guarantee the safety of food products by pathogenic bacteria elimination. The aim of this work was to evaluate the influence of gamma irradiation process on chemical composition and fatty acid profile of Brazilian macadamia cake. The major components of the analyzed macadamia samples were lipids (>50g/100g), especially monounsaturated fatty acids (>39g/100g), carbohydrates and protein. Macadamia nut and cake showed high oleic (>60g/100g) and palmitic acids (>18g/100g). According to present results, gamma radiation had no effect on the centesimal composition and fatty acids profile of the macadamia cake, and did not change its nutritional quality.

Palavras-Chave: carboxylic acids; chemical composition; cobalt 60; dose rates; food; gamma radiation; irradiation; nuts

RAO, INA P.; DEL MASTRO, NELIDA L. Influence of gamma radiation on centesimal composition and fatty acids profile of macadamia cake. In: INTERNATIONAL NUCLEAR ATLANTIC CONFERENCE, October 21-25, 2019, Santos, SP. Proceedings... Rio de Janeiro: Associação Brasileira de Energia Nuclear, 2019. p. 2000-2006. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/30597. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: Quality Control is part of the Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) responsible for the evaluation and release of pharmaceutical components, including active ingredients and excipients, to assure compliance with the specifications in pharmacopoeias. GMP for radiopharmaceuticals is regulated by RDC N. 17/2010 and RDC N. 63/2009 (ANVISA) establishing the minimum quality standards in industrial manufacture. Pharmacopoeias have the specifications for lyophilized reagents (LR) labeled with 99mTc regarding radiochemical purity, biodistribution and, in case of parenteral use, bacterial endotoxins and sterility tests must be performed. In radiopharmaceutical monographs, the necessity of non radioactivity assays for releasing lyophilized reagents are not well described, but ANVISA requires assays to assure the quality of the lyophilized powder, as active ingredient quantification and identification assays, stannous ion quantification and moisture determination. Infrared (IR) spectroscopy is widely used for identification of substances, mainly raw materials. The aim of this work is to propose an identification assay for MIBI-TEC® LR powder using IR spectroscopy. MIBI-TEC® batches were produced at IPEN/CNEN-SP and about 2 mg of the LR powder were mixed with 200 mg KBr, pressed at 80 kgf during 5 minutes into the holder to obtain a transparent pellet. The pellet was placed in ABB IR spectrometer, FTLA 2000 model, and a spectrum in the medium infrared region of 450 to 4000 cm-1 was acquired using Grams software. Tetramibi cuprous tetrafluoroborate, stannous chloride dihydrate, cysteine hydrochloride monohydrate, sodium citrate and mannitol had their respective IR spectrum recorded and the main characteristic absorptions were established for each formulation component. In the MIBI-TEC® spectrum, it was possible to observe a well characterized absorption in 2193 cm-1 which represents the presence of C≡N binding of tetramibi cuprous tetrafluoroborate active ingredient, free of interference, indicating that IR spectrum can be used as identification assay of the LR.

Palavras-Chave: drugs; infrared spectra; infrared spectrometers; lyophilization; radiopharmaceuticals; reagents; technetium 99

SANTOS, JOEL M. dos; FUKUMORI, NEUZA T.O.; OLIVEIRA, IDELI M. de; MARTINS, PATRICIA de A.; SILVA, NATANAEL G. da; MATSUDA, MARGARETH M.N. Proposal of an identification test for MIBI-TEC® lyophilized reagent using infrared spectroscopy. In: INTERNATIONAL NUCLEAR ATLANTIC CONFERENCE, October 21-25, 2019, Santos, SP. Proceedings... Rio de Janeiro: Associação Brasileira de Energia Nuclear, 2019. p. 1984-1988. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/30595. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: Approximately 75% of breast cancer cells express estrogen receptor (ER +) and this type of cancer has incidence of 25 % a year, being the second cause of cancer death among women worldwide. The 16α-[18F]-fluoro-17β-estradiol, 18F-FES, is a lipophilic molecule with in vivo characteristics similar to estradiol being a valuable marker in molecular imaging for non-invasive diagnosis of primary and metastatic breast cancer using PET-CT, because it binds to estrogen receptors (ER binding). The objective of this work was to study the synthesis of 18F-FES in the GE TRACERlab® MXFDG module, using Chemical Kit and disposable cassette ABX® and determine the yield of the process and the analytical parameters to be employed in the routinely production of this radiopharmaceutical. The automated synthesis occurs in 75 min. and includes percolation of the [18F] fluoride in an anion exchange cartridge, elution of the cartridge, azeotropic drying in 3 steps, labeling using 3-methoxymethyl-16β,17β-epiestriol-O-cyclic sulfone (MMSE) and the hydrolysis in 1 step. Purification of the product is done in the module itself using solid phase extraction (SPE) cartridges, without the use of HPLC. The data about synthesis efficiency and quality control parameters are under analysis. Preliminary results suggest an increase in synthesis efficiency when minimal changes in the synthesis program were introduced. The results of quality control assays (radiochemical purity, residual solvent, radionuclidic purity and identity and chemical purity (TBA) suggest that final radiopharmaceutical meets the criteria established for other fluor-18 radiopharmaceuticals that have monographs in official compendia.

Palavras-Chave: comparative evaluations; estradiol; fluorine 18; fluorodeoxyglucose; irradiation; mammary glands; positron computed tomography; protons; radiochemistry; radiopharmaceuticals

BALIEIRO, LUIZA M.; OLIVEIRA, HENRIQUE B. de; ARAUJO, ELAINE B. de. Study of the automated synthesis of the radiopharmaceutical 16 α [18F] fluoro-17β-estradiol. In: INTERNATIONAL NUCLEAR ATLANTIC CONFERENCE, October 21-25, 2019, Santos, SP. Proceedings... Rio de Janeiro: Associação Brasileira de Energia Nuclear, 2019. p. 1961-1967. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/30593. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: Chronic wounds of difficult cicatrization are more incidents with an increased in life expectancy. The hydrogel with silver nanoparticles developed at the Nuclear Energetic Research Institute, crosslinked and sterilized by Gamma radiation, is inexpensive and has a simple manufacturing process that seems to be an alternative to the treatment of injuries. This experimental study compared the healing process of second intention of skin wounds of 4cm² on the back of 69 Wistar rats, considering the effectiveness of hydrogel dressings with silver nanoparticles. The animals were distributed in three groups that received treatment with hydrogel dressing, hydrogel with 22ppm of silver nanoparticles and hydrogel with 44ppm of silver nanoparticles, and the dressings were performed every 48 hours. The project was approved by the Animal Experiments Committee. Hydrogel dressings are transparent and allow accurate visualization of the center of the lesion. The part of the dressing in contact with the wound kept the medium moist, promoting interaction with the fluid of the lesion, besides adsorbing the moisture produced. The dressing replacement didn’t cause discomfort or pain, since the animals were manually contained during the procedure, and the cover is easy to remove without causing trauma to the healing tissue. Wounds remained free of fibrin formation and necrosis, and serous exudation of lesions was scarce. At 21 days all the lesions were healed showing that dressings weren’t negative to the second intention healing process.

Palavras-Chave: gamma radiation; healing; hydrogels; mice; nanoparticles; silver; sterilization; wounds

GEMELLI, KARINE K.; SOUSA, GRAZIELLY M. de; GEMELLI, TIAGO F.; FERREIRA, OBEDE R.; OLIVEIRA, MARIA J.A. de; ALCANTARA, MARA T.S.; LUGAO, ADEMAR B. Effectiveness of the hydrogel dressing crosslinked and sterilized by gamma radiation. In: INTERNATIONAL NUCLEAR ATLANTIC CONFERENCE, October 21-25, 2019, Santos, SP. Proceedings... Rio de Janeiro: Associação Brasileira de Energia Nuclear, 2019. p. 1879-1885. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/30591. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: To ensure that pharmaceutical products have and maintain the structure, identity, purity, concentration, potency and safety characteristics required for their use, there is a set of standard procedures called Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP). In Brazil, the National Sanitary Surveillance Agency (ANVISA) regulates the GMP production of medicines through RDC17/2010 and for radiopharmaceuticals through RDC 63/2009 and 38/2008, to ensure their safe and correct use in commercial production and nuclear medicine services, respectively. Most 99mTc radiopharmaceutical monographs have biological distribution specifications. Using invasive method, 99mTcradiopharmaceuticalsare assessed by the injection into animals of defined strains and the radioactivity (as percentage of retainedor injected dose -%RDor%ID)ismeasured in specified organs. Technetium-99m Sestamibi radiopharmaceutical (99mTc-2-methoxy-isobutyl-isonitrile; 99mTc-sestamibi; MIBI-TEC®) monograph is related in USP 41, but the biological distribution assay is not included. At IPEN, the biodistribution test is performed as established in the Radiopharmaceutical Quality Control Manual of ARCAL XV (1999) - International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), for each batch. The objective of this work is to compare MIBI-TEC®biodistribution results using dose calibrator and gamma counter with sodium iodide detector by measuring the radioactivity in the organs. Three batches of MIBI-TEC®were used and 1 vial of lyophilized reagent (LR) was labeled with 5-10 mCiin 1-3 mL of 99mTc eluate. 200-300 μCi in 0.2 mLwereinjected in 3 Balb-Cmice. After 30 minutes of biodistribution, heart, lung, muscle, liver, paw, column and tail were withdrawn, weighed and radioactivity was measured in dose calibrator and gamma counter (μCi andcpm, respectively). %ID/g ratio in the organs of interest was calculated using the data obtained by both equipment and the results were compared. No significant differences were observed and it was possible to conclude that either a dose calibrator or a gamma counter can be used in the routine of quality control.

Palavras-Chave: calibration; comparative evaluations; quality control; radiation detectors; radiation dose distributions; radiation doses; radioactivity; radiopharmaceuticals; sodium iodides; technetium 99

SILVA, VITOR M.A. da; SOUSA, JURANDIR A. de; MARTINS, PATRICIA de A.; FUKUMORI, NEUZA T.O.; SILVA, NATANAEL G. da; MATSUDA, MARGARETH M.N. Dose calibrator and gamma counter: comparison of results in MIBI-TEC® biological distribution. In: INTERNATIONAL NUCLEAR ATLANTIC CONFERENCE, October 21-25, 2019, Santos, SP. Proceedings... Rio de Janeiro: Associação Brasileira de Energia Nuclear, 2019. p. 1860-1864. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/30589. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: The in situ caries model can use bovine dental samples in human volunteers. Gamma radiation is a very efficient sterilization method that is not expected to alter the mineral content of the hard tissues, avoiding biases in the results. Samples (n=40) were irradiated through a source of 60Co multipurpose irradiator aiming complete sterilization (25 kGy/h) with the purpose of accumulating the native plaque on them at an in situ study. An Er,Cr:YSGG laser was used alone and in combination with the topical applications of: 1 dentifrice (1,100 μg F /g) or 2 APF (12,300 μg F--/g). Morphological and chemical analyses were performed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), determination of alkali soluble fluoride concentration by specific ion electrode and surface microhardness determination. Then, the 15 volunteers used palatal devices containing previously treated samples and remained using F dentifrice. The effects of Fformation, on the reduction of demineralization were correlated. The biochemical analysis for quantification of alkaline soluble F determined the groups in which the laser was used after the topical application of the two types of fluoride products of different concentrations (dentifrice and APF) to be statistically different (p≤0.05), suggesting a prolonged effect of the synergy of the treatments in the reduction of the demineralization. Electronic Microscopy Scanning analysis has not shown thermal damage neither interprismatics changes from hydroxyapatite crystals, at dental enamel outside the buccal environment, after 25 kGy gamma irradiation, established that gamma radiation could be used aiming dental enamel sterilization.

Palavras-Chave: cobalt 60; fluorine; gamma radiation; laser radiation; morphological changes; radiation doses; radiation effects; sterilization; teeth

ZAMATARO, CLAUDIA B.; CARAMEL, AMANDA; RABELO, THAIS F.; KUCHAR, NIELSEN G.; SOGLIA, VICTOR M.L.; ZEZELL, DENISE M. Dental enamel submmitted to gamma radiation and ER,CR: YSGG laser associated to fluoride. In: INTERNATIONAL NUCLEAR ATLANTIC CONFERENCE, October 21-25, 2019, Santos, SP. Proceedings... Rio de Janeiro: Associação Brasileira de Energia Nuclear, 2019. p. 1831-1843. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/30587. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: Global data indicate that head and neck cancer express one of the sixth most common types of malignant cancers. In 2030, head and neck cancer predict 1,031,439 new cases per year around the world. Radiation therapy is used as a major therapy step in the treatment protocol for head and neck malignancies. Radiation caries consists in a side effect of xerostomia, ie a considerable reduction in the quantity and quality of saliva in the oral cavity, being defined as a type of cavity that advance severely with fast progression being able to injure the dental pulp. Gamma radiation effects can promote changes associated to modification in the enamel prismatic structure, the reduction in surface microhardness and biochemically alterations in the tooth composition. However, other studies where the human dental enamel using ionizing radiation present no differences found in the integrity of the dental enamel and there was no interference in the surface microhardness. In this study, 20 human dentin samples were evaluated, split randomly into the control group and irradiated group at 25 kGy, in the Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The FTIR shows that no significant changes were found in the Phosphate band representing the inorganic material. On the other hand, the Amide I band -chosen as the representative of the organic matrix composed mainly of collagen- showed a significant difference, suggesting a degradation of the organic content. These findings corroborate with SEM analysis after the gamma irradiation dose at 25 kGy.

Palavras-Chave: caries; dentin; enamels; fourier transformation; gamma radiation; infrared spectra; radiation doses; side effects; therapy

KUCHAR, NIELSEN G.; ZAMATARO, CLAUDIA B.; CASTRO, PEDRO A.A. de; RABELO, THAIS F.; JUVINO, AMANDA C.; ZANINI, NATHALIA; ZEZELL, DENISE M. FTIR analysis of human dentin submitted to gamma radiation. In: INTERNATIONAL NUCLEAR ATLANTIC CONFERENCE, October 21-25, 2019, Santos, SP. Proceedings... Rio de Janeiro: Associação Brasileira de Energia Nuclear, 2019. p. 1810-1818. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/30585. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: Prostate cancer is the second most common cancer among men in most parts of the world. According to the National Cancer Institute (INCA), in Brazil there is an average of 61,000 new cases registered annually, while in the United States of America (USA) there was an average of 200,000 new cases. The advancement of technology and science has enabled a higher rate of cancer survival, especially when diagnosed early. Radiotherapy and radical prostatectomy have been shown to be effective in both controlling and curing prostate cancer; however, the patient´s satisfaction index, during the control period of the disease, in relation to the health team must be known. In the present work, patients being submitted to radiotherapy in a public hospital were ask to respond questions about the degree of satisfaction of support being receiving. Part of the research data obtained through questionnaire indicated that 65% of the patients ignore or know very little about the disease and 100% reported interest in having more information about prostate cancer. It was questioned whether during or after treatment there was need for support from health professionals, such as: physician, nursing, psychologist, social worker and physiotherapist, more than 60% reported having need of one or more specialist. The complete results of this survey will be used to elaborate guidance to radiotherapy units, through collecting data from the medical records and questionnaires relative to physical, social, psychological and emotional support, after the period of treatment with radiotherapy for prostate cancer.

Palavras-Chave: data; diagnosis; information; medical records; neoplasms; patients; prostate; quality of life; radiotherapy; therapy; toxicity

FERREIRA, DICKSON C.; DEL MASTRO, NELIDA L. An analysis of the support and quality of live after the diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer in the radiotherapy sector. In: INTERNATIONAL NUCLEAR ATLANTIC CONFERENCE, October 21-25, 2019, Santos, SP. Proceedings... Rio de Janeiro: Associação Brasileira de Energia Nuclear, 2019. p. 1792-1796. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/30583. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: Approximately 68.000 prostate cancer cases are estimated per year in Brazil, but many of these will present a bad prognosis due to the difficulties of access by users of public health services and the precariousness of many of these. This scenario is determinant for the occurrence of many cases of advanced disease, late diagnosis, worse clinical condition and higher risk of death. The state of Tocantins has a humble health structure that unfortunately does not yet have brachytherapy treatment for this condition and offers few beds for surgical treatment, while radiotherapy, performed in only one city in the state, coexists with constant problems and interruptions of care. The objective of this study is to analyze the population of patients with prostate cancer treated at the General Public Hospital of Palmas, the main state reference, in the year 2015, and specifically to determine how many of the patients could have been treated through brachytherapy. After approval by the Ethics and Research Committee, data collection, analysis, organization and treatment were carried out using BioEstat® statistical software, aiming at consolidating information, producing results and obtaining answers to the objectives of this study. The study demonstrated that the majority of these patients came from other localities, with advanced clinical staging, adenocarcinoma histological type, but with 19% of cases presenting criteria for treatment by brachytherapy, which would lead to a significant decrease in the demand for beds and referrals to other centers.

Palavras-Chave: brachytherapy; brazil; health services; neoplasms; patients; prostate; statistical data; therapeutic uses

BEZERRA, ANDRE de S.; ZEITUNI, CARLOS A.; ROSTELATO, MARIA E.C.M. Analysis of the use of brachytherapy treatment in prostate cancer patients attended in general public hospital of Palmas in 2015. In: INTERNATIONAL NUCLEAR ATLANTIC CONFERENCE, October 21-25, 2019, Santos, SP. Proceedings... Rio de Janeiro: Associação Brasileira de Energia Nuclear, 2019. p. 1767-1772. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/30581. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: New laboratories for brachytherapy sources production are being implemented in our facility at IPEN, in São Paulo. A great challenge implementing a production laboratory is to comply with the Good Manufacturing Practices (GMPs), which involves process validation and all supporting activities such as cleaning and sanitization. Much more than compliance with regulatory guidelines, required for certification and inspections, a validation builds large process knowledge, provides possibilities for optimization and improvement, increasing the degree of maturity of all people involved and also the quality system as a whole. The process validation results in a document that certifies that any procedure, process, equipment, material, operation or system actually leads to the expected results. This work focused on the new laboratory, been assembled to produce small iodine-125 seeds. The process validation was performed three times for evaluation. The parameters evaluated in this study were: the source welding efficiency and the leakage tests results (immersion test). The welding efficiency doesn’t have an established parameter, since is visually evaluated by the operator, and the leakage detection has to e under 5 nCi / 185 Bq, accordingly with the ISO 9978. We observed values were: average 79-87% production efficiency and leakage tests were under 5 nCi/seed. Although established values for the global efficiency aren’t available in the literature, the results showed high consistency and acceptable percentages, especially when other similar manufacturing processes are used in comparison (average 85-70% found in the literature for other similar metallic structures). Those values will be important data when drafting the validation document and to follow the Good Manufacturing Practices (GMPs).

Palavras-Chave: brachytherapy; brazilian cnen; certification; data; implementation; iodine 125; laboratories; quality assurance; radiation sources; seeds; validation

BAPTISTA, TATYANA S.; FEHER, ANSELMO; RODRIGUES, BRUNA T.; ZEITUNI, CARLOS A.; MOURA, JOÃO A.; ROSTELATO, MARIA E.C.M. A proposal of process validation in the implementation of good manufacturing practices in brachytherapy sources production. In: INTERNATIONAL NUCLEAR ATLANTIC CONFERENCE, October 21-25, 2019, Santos, SP. Proceedings... Rio de Janeiro: Associação Brasileira de Energia Nuclear, 2019. p. 1730-1735. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/30579. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: Hypoxia is a pathological condition characterized by a reduction of oxygen supply to a specific tissue or cell. About 60% of solid tumors in an advanced stage present areas of hypoxia. Tumor-associated hypoxia has been correlated to: 1) tumor aggressiveness; 2) resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy; 3) poor prognosis. Thus, the use of non-invasive methods dedicated to assess tumor hypoxic areas are of extremely importance for the treatment of several types of cancers, allowing the use of individualized therapeutic strategies. Here, we developed a new 68Ga-labeled radiopharmaceutical for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of tumor hypoxia. The 68Ga-labelled 2-nitroimidazole derivative was successfully obtained by linking the 2- nitroimidazole acetic acid derivative with a glycopeptide obtained by solid phase synthesis and further conjugated to DOTA-NHS and its identity was confirmed by mass spectrometry. The radiolabeling procedure of 68Ga-Glycopeptide was optimized regarding the amount of glycopeptide, temperature and time, and was obtained with a high radiochemical purity (96.6± 0.4%). Compared to the standard hypoxic radiopharmaceutical 18 68 F-FAZA, Cancer is a chronic degenerative process that culminates in the loss of mechanisms that regulate cell cycle and death. In addition, it is considered a public health problem worldwide and its incidence has grown by 20% in the last decade. In Brazil, it is the second cause of death due to illness and the National Cancer Institute estimate is approximately 600 thousand Ga-Glycopeptide was obtained in a faster way and high radiochemical purity was achieved after radiolabeling procedures. Our new 68Ga-Glycopeptide may be promising candidate for further evaluation as a potential hypoxia imaging agent. Moreover, the use of 68Ga as an alternative to 18F in the development of new tracers for PET imaging is still an advantage because of the use of radionuclide generators instead of costly cyclotron equipment. Additionally, the use of a glycopeptide may allow the development of a kit-type setup that will ease the preparation of the 68Ga-based agent.

Palavras-Chave: anoxia; gallium 68; labelling; misonidazole; oxygen; peptides; positron computed tomography; radiochemistry; respiration

NARIO, ARIAN P.; PIJIEIRA, MARTHA S.O.; SANTOS, SOFIA N. dos; CAMPOS, VANESSSA L.; BERNARDES, EMERSON S. Synthesis of a 2-nitroimidazole glycopeptide radiolabeled with (68)Ga for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of tumor hypoxia. In: INTERNATIONAL NUCLEAR ATLANTIC CONFERENCE, October 21-25, 2019, Santos, SP. Proceedings... Rio de Janeiro: Associação Brasileira de Energia Nuclear, 2019. p. 1687-1701. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/30577. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: Radiopharmaceuticals are unique medicinal formulations containing radioisotopes and are used in nuclear medicine for diagnosis and/or therapy for chronic diseases such as cancer, alzheimer and cardiac disorders. The increase in the incidence of these diseases in the Brazilian population and the trend of increasing demand for radiopharmaceuticals motivated the elaboration of this work from a system dynamics perspective. The aim of this paper is to present a System Dynamic Model for simulating the interaction between demand, capacity, workforce and production of radiopharmaceuticals produced by IPEN. The validity of this model is verified by running in Vensim PLE software using historical data. The model was based on the generic structure of commodity markets and main variables were considered to represent the market polices. The preliminary model presented was able to capture the expected behavior of the industry of radiopharmaceuticals. Two alternative scenarios were developed, one to analyze the impacts of investment in infrastructure of IPEN and the other to investigate the workforce investment. As result, the model performed well in representing the behavior of the market. In addition, scenario tests showed that investment in infrastructure and workforce investment have a significant impact in the dynamic of the system.

Palavras-Chave: computerized simulation; dynamical systems; interactions; investment; market; personnel; production; radiopharmaceuticals; supply and demand; v codes; brazilian cnen

MUTARELLI, RITA de C.; LIMA, ANA C. de S.; SABUNDJIAN, GAIANE. Study of the demand-supply for radiopharmaceuticals in IPEN: a system dynamics approach. In: INTERNATIONAL NUCLEAR ATLANTIC CONFERENCE, October 21-25, 2019, Santos, SP. Proceedings... Rio de Janeiro: Associação Brasileira de Energia Nuclear, 2019. p. 1617-1628. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/30575. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: The productive capacity of the Guarani Aquifer System is subject to variations along its length, due to its complex structural and compositional heterogeneity. Several parameters may influence the quality of this reservoir rock, such as its mineralogical and textural constitution, as well as the physicochemical processes, its diagenesis is not the same throughout the aquifer, influencing the water productivity in wells in different locations. Such parameters are useful in the geoscience studies, in the elaboration of diagenetic models for the prediction of the reservoir quality. In this work, several properties of the sandstone rock from Botucatu Formation were determined, using different techniques, such as geotechnical tests, optical microscopy (MO), electron scanning microscopy (SEM), X-ray Fluorescence and X-ray diffraction. The results indicate that the studied sandstones have characteristics of the reservoir rocks, with potential for water storage.

Palavras-Chave: chemical analysis; optical microscopy; physical properties; plasticity; reservoir rock; sandstones; scanning electron microscopy; shear; x-ray diffraction; x-ray fluorescence analysis

CORREA, JOAO C.; GARCIA, RAFAEL H.L.; SANTOS, RODRIGO S. dos; AMADEU, RAFAEL A.; BERNARDES, THIAGO L.S.; VELO, ALEXANDRE F.; CARVALHO, DIEGO V. de S.; NASCIMENTO, TARCIANO J. do; CAVALLARO, FRANCISCO A.; MESQUITA, CARLOS H. de; HAMADA, MARGARIDA M. Chemical and physical analysis of sandstone rock from Botucatu formation. In: INTERNATIONAL NUCLEAR ATLANTIC CONFERENCE, October 21-25, 2019, Santos, SP. Proceedings... Rio de Janeiro: Associação Brasileira de Energia Nuclear, 2019. p. 1564-1582. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/30572. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: In the state of São Paulo (Brazil), occurrences of tar sandstone are known in Botucatu, Angatuba, Pirambóia, Anhembi and Bofete municipalities. In the present work, a sample of white tar sandstone was taken from Anhembi municipality, located at Km 168 of the Castelo Branco Highway. In the petroleum area, sandstones act as excellent hydrocarbon reservoirs, since they have specific characteristics, such as: high porosity and permeability. Porosity is a property of rocks, and it may be understood as the voids contained in the matrix (where fluids remain stored), while permeability is the ability of the rock to transmit these stored fluids. Due to these characteristics of sandstones, researchers have shown a growing interest in the study and characterization of this type of rock, which is a fundamental element of an oil system. In the present work, four characterization techniques were used in the Anhembi tar sandstone sample, namely: X-ray Diffraction, X-ray Fluorescence, Scanning Electron Microscope and the third generation Industrial Computerized Tomography. Through these techniques, the chemical composition, grain morphology, crystalline structure phases and an image of a slice of the internal structure of the white tar sandstone sample were obtained.

Palavras-Chave: chemical composition; computerized tomography; crystal structure; gamma radiation; morphology; petrology; sandstones; scanning electron microscopy; tar; x-ray diffraction; x-ray diffraction; x-ray fluorescence analysis

AMADEU, RAFAEL A.; BERNARDES, THIAGO L.S.; SANTOS, RODRIGO S. dos; GARCIA, RAFAEL H.L.; VELO, ALEXANDRE F.; CARVALHO, DIEGO V. de S.; CAVALLARO, FRANCISCO A.; MESQUITA, CARLOS H. de; HAMADA, MARGARIDA M. Characterization of the petrology of the tar sandtone rock of the Paraná basin. In: INTERNATIONAL NUCLEAR ATLANTIC CONFERENCE, October 21-25, 2019, Santos, SP. Proceedings... Rio de Janeiro: Associação Brasileira de Energia Nuclear, 2019. p. 1541-1553. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/30570. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: Brazil has a large inventory of disused sealed radioactive sources (DSRS), accounting over two hundred thousands sources being safely stored at Brazilian National Nuclear Energy Commission institutes. The majority of them can not be disposed of in near surface repository due to long lived alpha emitters, mainly Ra 226 needles formerly used in brachytherapy and Am 241 sources from smoke detectors and lightning rods, which correspond to more than 90% of the total number of the sources currently stored. Therefore, an alternative strategy to dispose of these classes of DSRS is to adopt the IAEA Borehole Disposal Concept (BDC); in this sense, due to the usually small diameter of the disposal container, knowledge of the volume of each of these sources is needed. All Ra 226 needles and Am 241 sources from lightning rods do not have significant variations in geometry and size, but Am 241 sources from smoke detectors have more than 20 different sizes covering a range from a few millimeters to about sixty millimeters in length. Of course, this fact will strongly affect the borehole design. The main objective of this paper was to determine accurately the capacity of the BDC disposal capsules required to condition these sources as a function of the different diameters of the capsules. Results showed that the borehole linear extension necessary to fit the Brazilian inventory of Am 241 sources from lightning rods and smoke detectors can reach hundreds of meters, depending on the BDC capsule diameter chosen. These findings showed that the final destination of this class of DSRS of the Brazilian inventory should be carefully examinated.

Palavras-Chave: americium 241; boreholes; capsules; dimensions; inventories; lightning; radioactive materials; radioactive waste disposal; radium 226; sealed sources; smoke detectors

DELLAMANO, JOSE C.; HIROMOTO, GORO. Borehole dimensions needed to fit the Brazilian inventory of disused radioactive sealed sources from lightning rods and smoke detectors. In: INTERNATIONAL NUCLEAR ATLANTIC CONFERENCE, October 21-25, 2019, Santos, SP. Proceedings... Rio de Janeiro: Associação Brasileira de Energia Nuclear, 2019. p. 1389-1395. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/30568. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: Clayey materials have been adopted in most nuclear waste producing countries, as a key constituent in engineered barrier for final disposal facilities at all levels of radioactive wastes (LILW-SL, LILW-LL and HLW). The following study presents a thorough characterization upon five Brazilian clay rich deposits, mostly smectite bearing clays, aiming to evaluate their expected performance as clay buffer under the conditions associated to a Low and Intermediate Level Waste Repository (RBMN); being the former a matter of national strategic interest. Samples coming from the Brazilian states of Bahia, Maranhão, Pará and Paraíba were treated and analyzed by means of X-Ray diffraction as a main technique, and complemented by FTIR, LALLS, XRF and SEM-EDS, in order to stablish mineralogical composition, particle size distribution and chemical composition. Moreover, several standard clay treatments over the <1 μm size fraction were carried out to reveal information regarding layer charge, major interlayer cations, unit formula and other crystal features of smectite species present in a mineralogical assembly, enabling the construction of a molecular model over which would be realistic to simulate the diffusion of radionuclides. Results obtained on 133Cs adsorption experiments indicate that mineralogical composition would probably be the single most influential factor controlling transport capacity of positively charged radionuclides in the current setup, and can be expressed in terms of smectite contents, favoring montmorillonite rich materials containing majorly Na+ as compensating cation in interlayer position. Thus, the obtained data will be useful in the testing of optimal compaction conditions to obtain the most suitable buffer material for the repository design. However, this trend is yet to be contrasted against hydraulic conductivity measurements and swelling pressure to see how they match.

Palavras-Chave: adsorption; buffers; cesium 133; chemical composition; clays; fourier transformation; infrared spectra; mineralogy; particle size; radioactive waste storage; scanning electron microscopy; x-ray diffraction; x-ray fluorescence analysis

MACHADO, GABO G.; GUILHEN, SABINE N.; KRUPSKAYA, VICTORIA V.; ZAKUSIN, SERGEY V.; TYUPINA, EKATERINA A.; HARADA, JULIO; VICENTE, ROBERTO; SOUZA, RODRIGO P. de; ARAUJO, LEANDRO G. de; ESPINOSA, DENISE C.R. Brazilian clays as potential buffer materials for radioactive waste final storage. In: INTERNATIONAL NUCLEAR ATLANTIC CONFERENCE, October 21-25, 2019, Santos, SP. Proceedings... Rio de Janeiro: Associação Brasileira de Energia Nuclear, 2019. p. 1357-1366. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/30566. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: The storage of tailing from anthropic activities like mining, which may contain radionuclides, is a problematic situation consequent from NORM industries and for which alternatives should be sought. This paper presents the preliminary results for the use of a carbonate tailing derived from niobium extraction as soil amendment from the point of view of the radiological indices, since this material is a NORM residue. The activity concentration of radionuclides 226Ra, 228Ra and 40K were determined in six samples of carbonate by gamma spectrometry and the radiological hazard indices were calculated for the carbonate itself and simulated for soil application. The results indicated that the dilution of the carbonate in the soil do not increase the radiological hazard indices.

Palavras-Chave: agriculture; carbonates; gamma spectroscopy; mining; naturally occurring radioactive materials; niobium; potassium 40; radiation hazards; radioactive wastes; radium 226; radium 228

AYLLON, RAFAELLA M.; TORRECILHA, JEFFERSON K.; SAUEIA, CATIA H.R.; NISTI, MARCELO B.; TORQUATO, HENRIQUE; EL HAJJ, THAMMIRIS M.; ZAHN, GUILHERME S.; SILVA, PAULO S.C. da. External gamma exposure due to the application of carbonate niobium tailing as soil amendment. In: INTERNATIONAL NUCLEAR ATLANTIC CONFERENCE, October 21-25, 2019, Santos, SP. Proceedings... Rio de Janeiro: Associação Brasileira de Energia Nuclear, 2019. p. 1318-1327. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/30564. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: São Paulo city has currently 2,224 contaminated lands which are a t different stages of the environmental management process. It is possible to find areas developing environmental analysis and investigations, fields with confirmed risk to human health and w ithout an approved remediation plan, even places during the remediat ion process and revitalized spaces , which could be an otherwise land use . The USIN facility stopped their operation in 1992 and was initially used to store minerals and residues from the p rocessing of minerals. Furthermore, was equipped to process rare earth compounds using solvent extraction techniques, and also store by product material consisting of 2% of U 3 O 8 and 20% of ThO 2 concentrate . The former facility site consisted of 3 sheds con structed in an area of 60,000 m 2 located in a past urban industrial district, Campo Grande, in São Paulo city. Over the years, Campo Grande district was changing its land use, from industrial use to residential and commercial use, hence the number of resid ences in the neighborhood of USIN has increased. According to São Paulo Environment Agency (CETESB), USIN’s area was classified as an area with confirmed risk. This study approach chemical and radiological contaminants present in the area, also the remedia tion actions adopted. Despite CETESB classification, results indicated than the area has been remediated, a segment of 18,400 m² it was already cleaned up, and the remainder currently is in the remediation process.

Palavras-Chave: environmental effects; minerals; radioactive waste management; radioactive wastes; rare earth compounds; remedial action; storage facilities; surface contamination; thorium; uranium; urban areas; brazil

LINO, JULIANA dos S.; AQUINO, AFONSO R. de. Dealing with a former rare earth separation facility site (USIN): case of a contaminated site in São Paulo city, Brazil. In: INTERNATIONAL NUCLEAR ATLANTIC CONFERENCE, October 21-25, 2019, Santos, SP. Proceedings... Rio de Janeiro: Associação Brasileira de Energia Nuclear, 2019. p. 1284-1292. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/30562. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: Radiation induced advanced oxidation processes have been proposed for the treatment of various types of wastes. However, electron beam technologies for the removal of recalcitrant compounds in petroleum wastes are still poorly understood. This work aims at evaluating the effects on the degradation of organic matter from oil sludge by electron beam irradiation. The radiometric analysis was also performed to identify radionuclides and measure dose rates. An electron beam accelerator, model Dynamitron II, with variable current up to 25 mA was employed and the irradiation dose values ranged from 20 to 250 kGy. Solutions were prepared with an initial H2O2 concentration of 1.34 mol L 1. Samples without H2O2 addition, but with water were also evaluated. Control tests with dry and pulverized sludge were submitted to irradiation. The effects on the removal of total organic carbon and the sludge degradation are discussed.

Palavras-Chave: dose rates; electron beam furnaces; irradiation; oils; radioisotopes; radiometric analysis; sludges; wastes

TESSARO, ANA P.G.; CASAS, ALEXANDRE L.; TEIXEIRA, ANTONIO C.S.C.; VICENTE, ROBERTO; MARUMO, JULIO T.; ARAUJO, LEANDRO G. de. Oil sludge treatment by electron beam irradiation. In: INTERNATIONAL NUCLEAR ATLANTIC CONFERENCE, October 21-25, 2019, Santos, SP. Proceedings... Rio de Janeiro: Associação Brasileira de Energia Nuclear, 2019. p. 1250-1257. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/30560. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: High-resolution di ractometer is one of the rst instruments of the set of 15 priority neutron scattering instruments to be installed at the Brazilian Multipurpose Reactor (RMB). A basic project of this instrument consists of the existence of three guides through which neutrons pass from source to sample to guarantee maximum neutron ux at the sample position. In this study we investigate guide geometry performance considering xed di ractometer geometry and spatial arrangement. Comparisons between di erent guide shapes and supermirrors are performed using software based on the Monte Carlo method, McStas. Our conclusion shows that a better solution is splitting the initial ux into two di erent guides to obtain the maximum ux at the sample position.

Palavras-Chave: computer codes; computerized simulation; configuration; diffractometers; monte carlo method; neutron flux; neutron guides; neutron sources; optimization; rmb reactor

SOUZA, ALEXANDRE P.S.; OLIVEIRA, LUIZ P. de; YOKAICHIYA, FABIANO; GENEZINI, FREDERICO A.; FRANCO, MARGARETH K.K.D. A diffractometer project for Brazilian Multipurpose Reactor (RMB): McStas simulations and instrument optimization. In: INTERNATIONAL NUCLEAR ATLANTIC CONFERENCE, October 21-25, 2019, Santos, SP. Proceedings... Rio de Janeiro: Associação Brasileira de Energia Nuclear, 2019. p. 1190-1199. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/30558. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: Few places in the world produce iodine-125. In Brazil, the first production happened in nuclear reactor IEA-R1 located at Nuclear and Energy Research Institute – IPEN. To verify the quality of iodine-125 produced, because contaminants as iodine-126, caesium-134 and caesium-137 among others, may be produced in irradiation process, iodine-125 samples were immobilized into epoxy matrix disc, with the same geometry of a barium-133 reference radioactive source, used to calibrate an HPGe detector. The HPGe detector has a thin carbon composite window, which allows measure the iodine-125 photopeaks, between 27.1 and 35.4 keV.

Palavras-Chave: contamination; gamma spectroscopy; high-purity ge detectors; iodine 125; irradiation; quality control; volatility; brazilian cnen

COSTA, OSVALDO L. da; SOUZA, DAIANE C.B. de; CASTANHO, FABIO G.; FEHER, ANSELMO; MOURA, JOÃO A.; SOUZA, CARLA D. de; OLIVEIRA, HENRIQUE B. de; MADUAR, MARCELO F.; ZEITUNI, CARLOS A.; ROSTELATO, MARIA E.C.M. Gamma spectrometry of iodine-125 produced in IEA-R1 nuclear reator, using HPGe detector and fixation into epoxy matrix disc. In: INTERNATIONAL NUCLEAR ATLANTIC CONFERENCE, October 21-25, 2019, Santos, SP. Proceedings... Rio de Janeiro: Associação Brasileira de Energia Nuclear, 2019. p. 1176-1183. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/30556. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: A portable thermal neutron detector prototype, using a PIN-type silicon photodiode coupled to a boron converter, was developed at the Nuclear and Energy Research Institute (IPEN-CNEN/SP). Several boron layers were made by Pulsed Laser Deposition method and two different prototypes were made using distinct approaches in the associated electronics. The prototypes were characterized by measurements with the cold neutron beam at PHADES (Polarized 3He and Detector Experiment Station), in the NIST Center for Neutron Research. The distance between the prototype and the neutron source was different for each prototype: 70 cm (prototype one) and 7 cm (prototype two). The linearity behavior was verified for both prototypes in order to verify the relationship between counts and neutron fluence. The intrinsic efficiency values obtained for prototypes one and two were, respectively, (1.78 ± 0.01)% and (5.2 ± 0.4)%. The angular dependence was verified only for prototype one. The concept of this detector can be applied in a future dosimeter project.

Palavras-Chave: thermal neutrons; photodiodes; portable equipment; silicon; cold neutrons; efficiency; neutron detectors; brazilian cnen

COSTA, PRISCILA; RAELE, MARCUS P.; DOMIENIKAN, CLAUDIO; MADI FILHO, TUFIC; ZAHN, GUILHERME S.; GENEZINI, FREDERICO A. Characterization of a portable thermal neutron detector. In: INTERNATIONAL NUCLEAR ATLANTIC CONFERENCE, October 21-25, 2019, Santos, SP. Proceedings... Rio de Janeiro: Associação Brasileira de Energia Nuclear, 2019. p. 1163-1170. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/30554. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: This paper proposes an alternative to the use of counters for the standardization of radionuclides in a 3-photodetectors liquid scintillation counter by the triple to double coincidence ratio (TDCR) method using an electronic system for processing pulses that allows the subtraction of the accidental coincidences. The electronic system consists of ampli ers, discriminators, logic gates and delay modules feeding a time-to-amplitude converter (TAC) with output to a multichannel analyzer (MCA). This system does not require individual counters for each photodetector and coincident counts contribute to the noise reduction. The method compares 3 di erent TAC spectra registered in MCA with 4, 3 or 2 peaks obtained from di erent con gurations of the electronic system. For testing the system, a series of measurements with a 90Sr standard solution was performed.

Palavras-Chave: carbon 14; cobalt 60; comparative evaluations; liquid scintillators; photomultipliers; standardization; tracer techniques; brazilian cnen

MORAIS, THALES S.L. de; KOSKINAS, MARINA F.; MOREIRA, DENISE S.; DIAS, MAURO da S. Preliminary study of radionuclide standardization by TDCR method applying a time-to-amplitude converter. In: INTERNATIONAL NUCLEAR ATLANTIC CONFERENCE, October 21-25, 2019, Santos, SP. Proceedings... Rio de Janeiro: Associação Brasileira de Energia Nuclear, 2019. p. 1147-1155. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/30552. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: The fast-growing field of particle acceleration using lasers is now in a new trend due to an enormous worldwide effort to increase the peak power of femtosecond laser systems, as well as increasing the average power of these systems in order to make them useful for applications. The most spectacular example of investment in this area is the Extreme Light Infrastructure in Europe, which has led to the establishment of three large research facilities in the Czech Republic, Romania and Hungary that host some of the most powerful lasers world-wide (above PW peak power). The decade’s long progress in this area is being celebrated by the conferment of the 2018 Nobel Prize in Physics to Gerard Mourou and Donna Strickland, who pioneered the technique of Chirped Pulse Amplification, on which all modern-day ultrashort and ultra-intense lasers are based. These lasers can produce extreme conditions that mimic the ones found in stellar cores. Besides the basic physics that is being brought to light due to these new regimes, several applications of these systems are very promising, and one of them, the acceleration of charged particles, is the goal of this program. Laser particle accelerators are compact and need less radiation shielding, predicting a significant cost reduction with impact in the widespread use, mostly in medicine.

Palavras-Chave: acceleration; accelerators; charged particles; lasers; medicine; brazil

VIEIRA JUNIOR, NILSON D.; BANERJEE, SUDEEP; MALDONADO, EDISON P.; ZUFFI, ARMANDO V.F.; TABACOW, FABIO B.D.; SAMAD, RICARDO E. Laser particle acceleration in Brazil. In: INTERNATIONAL NUCLEAR ATLANTIC CONFERENCE, October 21-25, 2019, Santos, SP. Proceedings... Rio de Janeiro: Associação Brasileira de Energia Nuclear, 2019. p. 1112-1124. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/30550. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: Neutron Activation Analysis (NAA) is a well-established nondestructive analytic technique where the gamma radiation emitted by an irradiated sample is analyzed using an HPGe detector. The Neutron Activation Laboratory (LAN) of IPEN-CNEN/SP has been performing NAA analyses for over 30 years, and has plans of implementing quality control protocols to their analyses. In this sense, the environmental monitoring of the laboratories where the detectors are used has been performed for many years, in a manual way with no more than 2 measurements per day. In this work, an automated monitoring station based on a microcontroller Arduino UNO board has been developed which comprises four thermo hygrometer sensors for monitoring different parts of the environment, plus a thermocouple for monitoring the inside of the liquid nitrogen dewar. The results obtained allow for a discussion on the performance and adequacy of the sensors.

Palavras-Chave: automation; cost; environment; high-purity ge detectors; monitoring; neutron activation analysis; performance; uses; brazilian cnen

MELO, GLEISER R. de; ZAHN, GUILHERME S.; MOREIRA, EDSON G.; GENEZINI, FREDERICO A. Development of an environmental monitoring station for HPGe detectors. In: INTERNATIONAL NUCLEAR ATLANTIC CONFERENCE, October 21-25, 2019, Santos, SP. Proceedings... Rio de Janeiro: Associação Brasileira de Energia Nuclear, 2019. p. 1097-1104. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/30548. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: Computed tomography technology uses an electromagnetic radiation source or particulate radiation source, to analyze / study different samples that can range from living organisms to the most diverse objects (rocks, phantoms, etc.). The use of the radioactive materials may cause harm to the operator if he is exposed to the source of radiation, so aiming at the safety of the operator, the objective of this work is to develop an Internet of Things automation system for the opening of the Industrial Process Tomography source port for industrial tomography applications. Thus, this system can drive the stepper motors through this platform can be opened at a safe distance to the operator, avoiding the operator to take radiation dose to perform this operation. For the IPT project, five source ports were made so that each was positioned diametrically opposite each array of detectors. In this project we used 192Ir sources that have activity of 18,500 MBq and that were produced in the reactor IEA-R1, from the neutron bombardment of the pellet containing stable isotope 191Ir. The main characteristics of 192Ir are: half-life of 74.2 days; radiation energy from 0.13 to 0.65 MeV. For the safety of the operator during the opening of the sources, an automated opening system with IoT that can be activated with software installed on the tomography or by a smartphone application by the MQTT protocol, which makes it possible to be monitored in real time at long distance showing the opening and closing status of each source port.

Palavras-Chave: automation; computer codes; iridium 191; iridium 192; monitoring; openings; radiation detectors; radiation sources; real time systems; remote handling