Abstract: Despite all peaceful applications of nuclear technology, it is still addressed with prejudice. Prejudices may be explicit (conscious) or implicit (unconscious). However, either explicit or implicit, they interfere with individuals’ behavior and attitudes. Prejudices against any theme may be reduced and even reversed by new learning on the theme. Multisensory techniques have proven to make learning richer and more motivating. This work aims to present the development of a multisensory program designed for learning about the beneficial applications of nuclear technology and compare this program to a 12-week traditional teaching program with lecture classes about the nuclear technology. The multisensory program was held at the Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares (IPEN) for a group of teachers. Assisted tours to the IEA-R1 and to the Centro da Tecnologia das Radiações (CTR) as well as a coffee break serving a variety of commercially-available foods containing irradiated ingredients were part of the multisensory approach. The Implicit Association Test (IAT) was administered before and after the program to identify and measure the implicit associations towards the nuclear technology. This multisensory program was compared to a 12-week traditional teaching program with lecture classes about the nuclear technology held at IPEN. Unlike the multisensory program, the IAT results from the traditional program demonstrated that the lecture classes were not effective for changing the implicit associations. The multisensory program was an effective tool for changing the implicit associations and can be useful for disseminating the beneficial applications of the nuclear technology.

Palavras-Chave: education; f codes; learning; nuclear energy; public opinion; technology impacts; testing; brazilian cnen

BARABAS, ROBERTA de C.; BARABÁS, CARLOS; SABUNDJIAN, GAIANE. The development of a multisensory program for the dissemination of the beneficial applications of the nuclear technology. In: INTERNATIONAL NUCLEAR ATLANTIC CONFERENCE, October 21-25, 2019, Santos, SP. Proceedings... Rio de Janeiro: Associação Brasileira de Energia Nuclear, 2019. p. 3770-3781. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/30682. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: One of the great advances in the current evolution of nuclear power reactors is occurring in India, with the Advanced Heavy Water Reactor (AHWR). It is a reactor that uses thorium as part of its fuel, which in its two fueling cycle options, in conjunction with plutonium or low enriched uranium, produces energy at the commercial level, generating less actinides of long half-life and inert thorium oxide, which leads to an optimization in the proportion of energy produced versus the production of burnt fuels of the order of up to 50%. The objective of this work is to present the most recent research and projects in progress in India, and how the expected results should be in compliance with the current sustainability models and programs, especially the "Green Chemistry", a program developed since the 1990s in the United States and England, which defines sustainable choices in its twelve principles and that can also be mostly related to the nuclear field. Nevertheless, in Brazil, for more than 40 years there has been the discontinuation of research for a thorium-fueled reactor, and so far there has been no prospect of future projects. The AHWR is an important example as an alternative way of producing energy in Brazil, as the country has the second largest reserve of thorium on the planet.

Palavras-Chave: fuel element clusters; hwlwr type reactors; india; nuclear fuels; radioactive wastes; reactor design; sustainable development; thorium

SMITH, RICARDO B.; SACHDEVA, MAHIMA; BISURI, INDRANIL; VICENTE, ROBERTO. Advanced heavy water reactor: a new step towards sustainability. In: INTERNATIONAL NUCLEAR ATLANTIC CONFERENCE, October 21-25, 2019, Santos, SP. Proceedings... Rio de Janeiro: Associação Brasileira de Energia Nuclear, 2019. p. 3567-3579. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/30680. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: One of the main purposes of nuclear technology is to produce electricity, with the advantage of producing a lower volume of radioactive waste. The expansion of nuclear energy in the electrical system has been positive, as it is one of the types of energy that is available at any time and in the desired amount. Considered a reliable source and safe alternative to compose a country's energy matrix. In the case of Brazil, it has enough reserves of Uranium and Thorium to compose the energy matrix over many years. The increase in demand, and the need for energy from renewable sources has caused changes in the world's electric power generation. According to World Nuclear Association (WNA), 14% of the energy is generated by nuclear energy sources, and this percentage tends to increase with the construction of new plants. According to the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), the goal for nuclear energy is to provide 25% of electricity in 2050. Other technologies are applied in the nuclear area, for example nuclear medicine, in which radioactive materials are used with low doses of radiation for treatment and diagnosis of diseases, even in development are effective and safe, especially in the areas of cardiological, neurological and oncological diagnosis. Despite the knowledge acquired with the development of Brazilian nuclear projects, many are partly lost and discontinuity investments of successive governments, therefore, this work intends to study an overview of nuclear energy in Brazil in recent years and its prospects.

Palavras-Chave: electric power; energy security; global aspects; nuclear energy; nuclear medicine; power generation; brazil

MOREIRA, RENAN P.; TATEI, TATIANE Y.; ARAUJO, DANIELLE G.; DUQUE, MARCO A. da S.; OLIVEIRA, IVAN C. de; AYOUB, JAMIL M.S.; SENEDA, JOSE A. Prospects for nuclear energy in Brazil. In: INTERNATIONAL NUCLEAR ATLANTIC CONFERENCE, October 21-25, 2019, Santos, SP. Proceedings... Rio de Janeiro: Associação Brasileira de Energia Nuclear, 2019. p. 3511-3516. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/30678. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: Uma das formas de identificar algum tipo de preconceito é por meio do uso de softwares de técnicas de neurociências aplicadas ao uso de medida da memória implícita (Testes de Associação Implícita –TAI), que não depende da atenção consciente do participante, sendo suas respostas automáticas e espontâneas. Os seguintes testes de associação implícita foram encontrados na literatura: o Teste de Associação Implícita, o Priming, o Visual Organization Test (VOT) e o Inquisit. Dentre todos os softwares de associação implícitas apresentados, o FreeIAT será utilizado neste trabalho pelo fato de ser um programa largamente usado e validado em diversas pesquisas. Pelo fato desse programa apresentar resultados bem consistentes quanto à identificação de possíveis preconceitos em vários temas, viu-se a necessidade de elaborar um pós-processador matemático a fim de automatizar os resultados em forma de gráficos. Portanto, o objetivo desse trabalho é o de desenvolver um pós-processador matemático com interface amigável, que facilitará a apresentação e interpretação dos resultados dos usuários do FreeIAT e poderá ser utilizado em qualquer área de interesse. A linguagem utilizada para o desenvolvimento desse pós-processador é o C#. Os resultados preliminares desse novo pós-processador mostraram-se eficientes.

Palavras-Chave: automation; data analysis; f codes; g codes; graphical user interface; programming languages

SILVESTRE, LARISSA J.B.; SOUSA, EMERSON L.; SABUNDJIAN, GAIANE. Pós-processador matemático para o software de teste de associação implicita – FreeIAT. In: INTERNATIONAL NUCLEAR ATLANTIC CONFERENCE, October 21-25, 2019, Santos, SP. Proceedings... Rio de Janeiro: Associação Brasileira de Energia Nuclear, 2019. p. 3368-3374. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/30676. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: O siliceto de urânio é um intermetálico usado como combustível nuclear na maioria dos reatores de pesquisa modernos, incluindo os reatores MB-01 e IEA-R1 do IPEN. Durante a produção, o material é submetido a um rigoroso controle de qualidade, que inclui análises de tamanho de partícula, densidade, caracterização e composição da fase cristalina. A quantificação das fases cristalinas presentes é realizada por difração de raios X (DRX) e refinamento dos dados usando o método Rietveld. No entanto, devido à alta absorção de raios X por esse material, no que diz respeito ao método de quantificação adotado, é muito importante reduzir o tamanho das partículas. Para este objetivo, um moinho vibratório dedicado é usado antes da análise de DRX, reduzindo o diâmetro médio das partículas para poucos micrômetros. Para evitar a oxidação das amostras, o processo de moagem ocorre em meio isopropanóico, o qual é seco posteriormente, em vácuo a 80 ºC. Porém, em muitos casos, verifica-se que as massas das amostras moídas são maiores do que as iniciais. Nesse sentido, esse trabalho propõe analisar a causa dessa diferença de massa. Granulometria a laser, termogravimetria (TG). Os resultados de TG sugerem que uma camada é fortemente adsorvida ao material, protegendo o pó de oxidação em temperaturas acima de 4000C.

Palavras-Chave: adsorption; crystal structure; fuel elements; milling; particle size; thermal gravimetric analysis; uranium silicides; x-ray diffraction

OLIVEIRA, VITORIA A.; CARVALHO, ELITA U.; DURAZZO, MICHELANGELO; SAKATA, SOLANGE K.; GARCIA, RAFAEL H.L. Adsorção líquida no siliceto de urânio. In: INTERNATIONAL NUCLEAR ATLANTIC CONFERENCE, October 21-25, 2019, Santos, SP. Proceedings... Rio de Janeiro: Associação Brasileira de Energia Nuclear, 2019. p. 3193-3198. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/30674. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: A maioria dos países enfrenta grandes desafios para controlar e organizar a geração e a disposição dos resíduos sólidos urbanos. Milhões de toneladas desses resíduos são gerados anualmente pela população e pelas indústrias. A eliminação destes resíduos sólidos é um problema mundial crescente. Os materiais poliméricos (plásticos e borrachas) compreendem uma proporção cada vez maior de resíduos industriais que entram em aterros sanitários e ambientais. Devido à capacidade da radiação ionizante alterar a estrutura e as propriedades dos materiais poliméricos, e o fato de que ela é aplicável a todos os tipos de polímeros, a irradiação é promissora para tratar do problema de resíduos poliméricos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi utilizar a radiação gama proveniente de uma fonte de 60Co para reciclar o poli(tetrafluoroetileno) (PTFE) que é um polímero de difícil decomposição quando descartado no meio ambiente. Aparas industriais deste polímero foram selecionadas e submetidas ao processo de moagem. Posteriormente, as amostras foram submetidas ao processo de irradiação com uma dose de 200 kGy. Após a irradiação o material obtido foi micronizado obtendo-se um pó muito fino de PTFE o qual foi classificado de acordo com os tamanhos de partículas com características especiais para diferentes possibilidades de utilização industrial (aditivos para tintas, massas lubrificantes, óleos e como carga em polímero para diminuir o coeficiente de atrito).

Palavras-Chave: cobalt 60; grinding; ionizing radiations; particle size; polytetrafluoroethylene; recycling; scrap

SOUZA, ERIC W. de; VIEIRA, JOSE M.; SILVA, LEONARDO G. de A. e. Uso da radiação ionizante na reciclagem de poli (tetrafluoroetileno) (PTFE). In: INTERNATIONAL NUCLEAR ATLANTIC CONFERENCE, October 21-25, 2019, Santos, SP. Proceedings... Rio de Janeiro: Associação Brasileira de Energia Nuclear, 2019. p. 3167-3171. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/30672. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: Lithium Compounds have applications in strategic areas for intern consumption of a country as well as international commerce. In nuclear industry, the lithium is used for the cooling of PWR reactors as a pH stabilizer. Based on this assumption, the generation of knowledge to master the processing cycle of these compounds is essential. The high degree of purity of lithium compounds is determinant to have success in these applications. Lithium hydroxide LiOH and lithium carbonate Li2CO3 are the main forms in which lithium is used industrially. To improve the quality of the starting product, purifying process were used until obtaining an adequate purity level of raw material (> 99%). The present work aims to make feasible a purification of Li2CO3 through ion-exchange chromatography from a 98.5% purity compound. The impurities present in higher content are sodium and calcium. To separate these two elements from lithium or at least to lower their concentrations, a column with cationic resin was used to fix lithium. The determination of lithium, sodium and calcium contents in the solutions was performed by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry, ICP-OES. The experiments performed to evaluate the best lithium purification condition were based on the variation of the main operational parameters: pH, flow and elution solution. The results indicate increased purity from the application of ion exchange operations obtaining a suitable condition for nuclear uses.

Palavras-Chave: aqueous solutions; calcium; impurities; ion exchange chromatography; lithium carbonates; purification; sodium

ANDRADE, MARIANA N.; OLIVEIRA, GLAUCIA A.C.; PIRANI, DEBORA A.; COUTINHO, JOAO F.; BERGAMASCHI, VANDERLEI S.; SENEDA, JOSE A.; BUSTILLOS, JOSE O.V. Purification of lithium carbonate by ion-exchange processes for application in nuclear reactors. In: INTERNATIONAL NUCLEAR ATLANTIC CONFERENCE, October 21-25, 2019, Santos, SP. Proceedings... Rio de Janeiro: Associação Brasileira de Energia Nuclear, 2019. p. 3153-3157. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/30670. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: A liga de prata-indio-cádmio (Ag/In/Cd) é utilizada como material absorvedor em elementos de controle de reatores nucleares devido à alta seção de choque para absorção de nêutrons de seus componentes. Em Reatores Refrigerados a Água Pressurizada (PWR - Pressurized Water Reactor), a liga Ag/In/Cd é utilizada na forma de barra contendo 80% de prata, 15% de índio e 5% de cádmio em massa com tolerâncias, máxima e mínima, bastante rigorosas em sua composição. A liga na forma de barra é encapsulada em tubos metálicos, os quais compõem o conjunto do elemento de controle no reator nuclear. Para ser aplicada com este propósito, a barra de liga Ag/In/Cd deve apresentar uma composição homogênea ao longo de toda a sua extensão, a fim de assegurar seu comportamento adequado dentro do reator. O objetivo deste projeto é desenvolver e qualificar a metodologia de análise química aplicada à caracterização da liga Ag/In/Cd para ser usada em barras de controle em reatores do tipo PWR. A metodologia padronizada para determinar o teor de prata, índio e cádmio na liga de grau nuclear é a titulação potenciométrica para prata e a titulação de complexação para o índio e o cádmio. A precisão dos resultados obtidos depende da prévia calibração dos materiais volumétricos e equipamentos utilizados, bem como da calibração dos reagentes titulantes a serem utilizados na titulação. Além disso, a qualificação desse processo para fins nucleares requer a elaboração de todos os documentos relacionados a cada uma das etapas do processo, incluindo práticas operacionais e registros da qualidade. O desenvolvimento e a qualificação da metodologia representam passos fundamentais no sentido de tornar o Brasil autossuficiente na produção desse material aplicado à área nuclear.

Palavras-Chave: accuracy; cadmium alloys; calibration; control elements; indium alloys; pwr type reactors; quality assurance; silver alloys; ternary alloy systems; titration

PEREIRA, DEBORA A.; FERREIRA, DOUGLAS A.; FATTE, MARIO; SOUZA, NATALIA DE O.; GIOVEDI, CLAUDIA; COTRIM, MARYCEL E.B.; PIRES, MARIA A. Análise química de liga de grau nuclear aplicada como material de controle em reatores nucleares. In: INTERNATIONAL NUCLEAR ATLANTIC CONFERENCE, October 21-25, 2019, Santos, SP. Proceedings... Rio de Janeiro: Associação Brasileira de Energia Nuclear, 2019. p. 3117-3129. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/30668. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: Atualmente, os tratamentos mais utilizados para o combate ao câncer são cirurgia, quimioterapia e radioterapia, o aperfeiçoamento desses métodos são cada vez mais solicitados. Diante deste cenário de crescente incidência do câncer de mama há a necessidade de que os serviços de radioterapia se adaptem à grande demanda de pacientes. Estudos têm apontado que o hipofracionamento pode ser uma técnica promissora para a redução da quantidade de sessões por paciente, consequentemente diminuindo o tempo total de tratamento. O hipofracionamento de dose é uma técnica utilizada na radioterapia, seu escopo é reduzir a quantidade de sessões por paciente, sem comprometer o tratamento. A proposta deste estudo foi destacar o impacto do uso dessa técnica no câncer de mama no Brasil, a fim de que os profissionais envolvidos estejam efetivamente bem preparados para utilizar essa técnica com excelência, tratando um número maior de pacientes em um período menor de tempo sem diminuir a qualidade da terapia.

Palavras-Chave: fractionated irradiation; mammary glands; neoplasms; radiation doses; radiotherapy; side effects

SUKADOLNIK, MIKAELL P.; SILVA, RODRIGO A. da; SOUZA, DAIANE C.B. de; MUNOZ, BERGMAN N.S. O impacto do hipofracionamento de dose na saúde da mulher brasileira acometida com câncer de mama. In: INTERNATIONAL NUCLEAR ATLANTIC CONFERENCE, October 21-25, 2019, Santos, SP. Proceedings... Rio de Janeiro: Associação Brasileira de Energia Nuclear, 2019. p. 3064-3068. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/30665. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: Na extração de petróleo, há presença significativa de material radioativo de origem natural e, por isso, as empresas que realizam esse trabalho devem atender as normas de proteção radiológica estabelecidas pela Comissão Nacional de Energia Nuclear (CNEN). Determinar a concentração radioisotópica em rejeitos radioativos é um passo fundamental no processo de caracterização dos rejeitos e é essencial no tratamento, no transporte e na eliminação deles. Este estudo consistiu na utilização de medidas das taxas de dose e cálculos para estimativa do conteúdo radioativo presente em tambores com rejeitos provenientes da indústria de petróleo. Foi utilizado o programa para cálculo de blindagem Microshield. Os principais resultados obtidos foram os valores de taxa de dose e a espectrometria de emissão gama. O método baseado na medição das taxas de exposição em torno de embalados fornece boas aproximações quando as informações sobre emissores gama presentes nos embalados de rejeitos são obtidos por espectrometria gama.

Palavras-Chave: containers; dose rates; gamma radiation; gamma spectroscopy; m codes; petroleum industry; point kernels; radiation doses; radiation monitoring; radioactive wastes; radioactivity; tailings

SILVA, RODRIGO A. da; SUKADOLNIK, MIKAELL P.; TESSARO, ANA P.G.; SOUZA, DAIANE C.B. de; VICENTE, ROBERTO. Caracterização de embalados de rejeitos radioativos utilizando Microshield. In: INTERNATIONAL NUCLEAR ATLANTIC CONFERENCE, October 21-25, 2019, Santos, SP. Proceedings... Rio de Janeiro: Associação Brasileira de Energia Nuclear, 2019. p. 3027-3033. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/30663. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: O processo desordenado da industrialização originou graves problemas de poluição para o meio aquático. Inúmeros episódios de contaminação de regiões costeiras, ocorridos no mundo todo, levaram muitos países a estabelecer extensos programas de monitoração, que incluem análises de águas, sedimentos e organismos marinhos, para diversos contaminantes orgânicos e inorgânicos. As concentrações de substâncias potencialmente tóxicas em água do mar são extremamente baixas e consideravelmente diversificadas no espaço e no tempo, tornando assim suas determinações complexas. O presente trabalho consiste em avaliar a exposição, os efeitos e a bioacumulação de contaminantes em conchas de mexilhões Perna perna e vôngole Anomalocardia brasiliana nativos, por um período de um ano (4 estações) em Praias de Caraguatatuba pela avaliação da bioacumulação sazonal dos seguintes elementos: As, Co, Cr, Fe, Se e Zn pelo métodos de análise por ativação com nêutrons instrumental (INAA), Cd e Pb chumbo por espectrometria de absorção atômica com forno de grafite (GF-AAS) e Hg, por espectrometria de absorção atômica com geração de vapor frio (CV-AAS).

Palavras-Chave: absorption spectroscopy; biological accumulation; chemical composition; elements; mussels; neutron activation analysis; pollution

PAULA, JOSE H. de; CATHARINO, MARILIA G.M.; THEOPHILO, CAROLINA Y.S.; SOUSA, EDUINETTY C.P.M. de; GASPARIO, MARCIA R.; LINS, CLAUDIO G.; SILVA, PAULO S.C. da. Avaliação da qualidade da área costeira da região de Caraguatatuba utilizando conchas de organismos bivalves. In: INTERNATIONAL NUCLEAR ATLANTIC CONFERENCE, October 21-25, 2019, Santos, SP. Proceedings... Rio de Janeiro: Associação Brasileira de Energia Nuclear, 2019. p. 2934-2941. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/30661. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: Nas últimas décadas, com o conhecimento do papel dos elementos químicos na saúde humana e o aperfeiçoamento de métodos analíticos, análises de impurezas de elementos químicos em medicamentos sintéticos se tornaram de grande interesse. O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar pelo método de Análise por Ativação com Nêutrons (NAA) elementos químicos presentes em dois medicamentos codificados de D e R, muito utilizados pela população. O medicamento D é utilizado como analgésico e atua aliviando a dor e a febre e o R é utilizado para a redução dos níveis de colesterol e triglicérides. Para análise, os dois medicamentos foram triturados na forma de pó e, alíquotas de cada uma das amostras foram pesadas e irradiadas com os padrões sintéticos dos elementos no reator nuclear IEA R1, sob fluxo de nêutrons térmicos por 16 h. Após adequados tempos de decaimento, as atividades gama das amostras e padrões foram medidas usando um detector de germânio hiperpuro ligado a um analisador digital de espectro. Nos medicamentos D e R foram determinados os elementos Br, Co, Cr, Cs, Fe, K, Na, Sb, Sc e Zn e, no medicamento R, além destes elementos, foi determinado o CA. Para avaliar a qualidade analítica dos resultados, foi analisado o material de referência certificado INCT MPH 2 (Mixed Polish Herbs) e os resultados obtidos indicaram uma boa reprodutibilidade e concordância com os valores do certificado. O estudo demonstrou a viabilidade de aplicar o método NAA na avaliação dos elementos presentes em medicamentos sintéticos. Além disso, os resultados obtidos pelos limites de detecção e de quantificação indicaram uma alta sensibilidade do método para análise.

Palavras-Chave: elements; gamma radiation; medicinal plants; neutron activation analysis; neutron flux; thermal neutrons

ARAUJO, MARINA NANO; SAIKI, MITIKO. Determinação de elementos químicos em medicamentos sintéticos pelo método de análise por ativação com nêutrons. In: INTERNATIONAL NUCLEAR ATLANTIC CONFERENCE, October 21-25, 2019, Santos, SP. Proceedings... Rio de Janeiro: Associação Brasileira de Energia Nuclear, 2019. p. 2869-2878. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/30659. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: A radiologically significant nuclides catalog is paramount to the classification of radioactive waste. In order to produce such a catalog, it is required to know the isotopic composition of the radioactive waste produced in the nuclear power plants, their isotopic inventories and both short and long term toxicity for each relevant nuclide in each exposure scenario. Estimating the waste produced in a power plant is an old problem that still poses a great challenge, even with current technology and methods. This paper describes an attempt at estimating the radionuclide concentration levels of the radioactive waste produced in the Angra dos Reis nuclear power plant. A review on the various methods used around the world to estimate these isotopic compositions was needed in order to achieve such a result. Alongside the review was used a computer simulation with the Origen 6.0 code and calculations to find out the future activities and toxicities for each analyzed radionuclide in each considered exposure scenario. The resulting data is used to build on a radiologically significant nuclides catalog that can be used as guiding tool for the development of radiological containment policies. This data will be helpful for the long term storage of the studied radionuclides.

Palavras-Chave: angra-1 reactor; angra-2 reactor; catalogs; classification; computerized simulation; isotope ratio; o codes; radioactive wastes; radioactivity; radioisotopes

OLIVEIRA JUNIOR, JULIO de; VICENTE, ROBERTO. Identification of potentially relevant radionuclides in the nuclear central of Angra dos Reis. In: INTERNATIONAL NUCLEAR ATLANTIC CONFERENCE, October 21-25, 2019, Santos, SP. Proceedings... Rio de Janeiro: Associação Brasileira de Energia Nuclear, 2019. p. 2855-2864. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/30657. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: The objective of this work is to analyze Cl in whole blood of newborns, concomitant with the traditional collection of “the heel prick test” (fourth drop). The dosage of Cl in whole blood samples of twenty newborns were determined by Energy Disperse X-Ray Fluorescence (EDXRF) and the Instrumental Neutron Activation Analyses (INAA) analytical techniques. Particularly, the alternative methodology based on EDXRF technology, using a portable XRF spectrometer, showed to be a fast and efficient procedure for Cl dosage in whole blood. We intend to introduce benefits to clinical practice in children, especially newborns and premature infants using this alternative procedure.

Palavras-Chave: blood; chlorine; concentration ratio; gamma radiation; high-purity ge detectors; neonates; neutron activation analysis; optimization; thermal neutrons; x-ray fluorescence analysis

MELO, JULIANA S.; ZAMBONI, CIBELE B.; AZEVEDO, MARIA R.; KONSTANTYNER, TULIO. Evaluation of Cl in blood by NAA and XRF techniques: an alternative for pediatric practice. In: INTERNATIONAL NUCLEAR ATLANTIC CONFERENCE, October 21-25, 2019, Santos, SP. Proceedings... Rio de Janeiro: Associação Brasileira de Energia Nuclear, 2019. p. 2825-2828. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/30655. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: In southwest Amazonia, in the region of the Upper Madeira River, Rondônia, archaeological research has shown that communities with diverse cultures co-existed in the pre-colonial past (ca. 1,000 BP). Archaeological sites from this period located on river banks and islands consist of large extensions of ceramic deposits which reflect different daily activities and social positions that existed within these groups. The complexity of these societies is attested to by the diversity of both ceramic forms and iconography. In this work, 140 ceramic fragments from eight archaeological sites were studied by means of instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) to determine Na, K, La, Sm, Yb, Lu, U, Sc, Cr, Fe, Co, Zn, Rb, Cs, Ce, Eu, Hf, Ta and Th mass fractions, with the purpose of classifying and ordering artifacts which are related to one another in their chemical compositions. The analytical method used is adequate for this type of study because it is a semi-destructive technique with high sensitivity and precision that can determine chemical elements in trace and ultra-trace levels, essential for studying small variations in elemental concentrations. Multivariate statistical analyses were used to evaluate the dataset. Initially the mass fractions were normalized to compensate for the large difference in magnitude among elements determined in percentage and in trace level. Subsequently, the mass fraction data were interpreted through cluster analysis, discriminant analysis and a log-log scatterplot. The results show the existence of four compositional groups, indicating different clay sources.

Palavras-Chave: archaeology; archaeological sites; cultural objects; ceramics; chemical composition; archaeological specimens; neutron activation analysis; clays; raw materials; resources; brazil

COSTA, ANGISLAINE F.; MUNITA, CASIMIRO S.; ZUSE, SILVANA; KIPNIS, RENATO. Archaeometry and archaeology: preliminary studies of the ceramics from archaeological sites of the Upper Madeira River/Rondônia - Brazil. In: INTERNATIONAL NUCLEAR ATLANTIC CONFERENCE, October 21-25, 2019, Santos, SP. Proceedings... Rio de Janeiro: Associação Brasileira de Energia Nuclear, 2019. p. 2747-2760. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/30653. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: This study measured the chemical composition of 45 ceramic samples from the Jericho archaeological site, Palestine, by means of instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA). The mass fraction of Na, K, La, Sm, Yb, Lu, U, Sc, Cr, Fe, Co, Zn, Rb, Cs, Ce, Eu, Hf and Th was determined with the purpose to detect the presence of ceramic groupings based on their composition. The analytical method is appropriate for this type of study because it is a non-destructive technique with high sensitivity, accuracy and precision, and determines chemical elements in trace and ultra-trace levels. These characteristics are essential to study small concentration variations. Initially the mass fractions were normalized to compensate for the large difference in magnitude among elements determined in percentage and trace level. Subsequently, the dataset was interpreted through cluster and discriminant analysis. The results showed the existence of three different chemical groups.

Palavras-Chave: archaeological sites; chemical composition; neutron activation analysis; middle east; historical aspects; cultural objects; gasers; spectroscopy; multivariate analysis; ceramics

BARROS, JOANNA F.; SILVA, RODRIGO P. da; MUNITA, CASIMIRO S. Preliminary chemical studies at the Jericho archaeological site. In: INTERNATIONAL NUCLEAR ATLANTIC CONFERENCE, October 21-25, 2019, Santos, SP. Proceedings... Rio de Janeiro: Associação Brasileira de Energia Nuclear, 2019. p. 2709-2717. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/30651. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: Conservation and preservation strategies are essential to manage botanical collections specially for dried herbarium specimens also known as exsiccates, usually referring to a set of identified specimens belonging to taxa and distributed among all herbaria around the world. Particularly, these collections are very sensitive to the attack of fungi and insects. In recent years, disinfection by ionizing radiation has become an effective strategy to preserve cultural heritage objects and archived materials with excellent results. In this work, the effects on color properties of gamma radiation on exsiccates samples were studied. Thus, six exsiccates, botanical pressed and dehydrated samples were selected from the Dom Bento José Pickel Herbarium (SPSF), situated at São Paulo (Brazil). Three of these samples comes from Asteraceae family and were collected in 1946, 1984 and 1986, while three other samples belong to Solanaceae family and were collected in 1953, 1984 and 2007. Families of selected botanical collections are very susceptible to biodegradation. The irradiation was performed at the Multipurpose Gamma Irradiation Facility at IPEN applying absorbed doses of 1 kGy, 6 kGy and 10 kGy, which are values of absorbed dose for disinfestation and disinfection. Results were analyzed using colorimetry with CIELAB color space scale and scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that there were no significant changes on colorimetric morphological properties of the samples.

Palavras-Chave: absorbed radiation doses; botany; calorimetry; cobalt 60; disinfestation; fungi; gamma radiation; morphological changes; pest control; plants; radiation dose units; scanning electron microscopy

LIMA, LENI M.P.R.; KODAMA, YASKO; OTUBO, LARISSA; SANTOS, PAULO de S.; VASQUEZ, PABLO A. Effect of ionizing radiation on the color of botanical collections: exsiccata. In: INTERNATIONAL NUCLEAR ATLANTIC CONFERENCE, October 21-25, 2019, Santos, SP. Proceedings... Rio de Janeiro: Associação Brasileira de Energia Nuclear, 2019. p. 2650-2661. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/30649. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: The purpose of the present study is therefore to install an electron beam accelerator (20 kW and 700 keV) in a mobile unit to treat effluent from petroleum production, for petroleum desulfurization and, in addition, for degradation of toxic organic compounds in wastewater for reusein, in partnerships with private and public institutions. Several technical aspects were considered in this installation, such as following the national transport legislation and the safety requirements (BSS, IAEA and CNEN Safety Standards). Technical characteristics of the electron beam accelerator (EBA) are energy of 700 keV and 28.5 mA of beam current, with 60 cm scan length. The installation of the EBA includes the developing and manufacturing a radiological shield. In several points of the mobile unit, GM type radiation sensors will be installed for radiological monitoring during irradiation processing, interlocked with the accelerator’s safe operating system. For the design of a vacuum system with mechanical pumps, ion pump and sensors, the following procedures will be carried out: a) design of an optimized system of the mobile unit power supply; b) development of a cooling system with deionized water and pressurized air for the cooling of the EBA systems in the scan horn, high voltage generator, control panel, vacuum system, among other peripherals; c) installation of the fan to cool the thin titanium window; d) installation of an ozone filter in the exhaust system to remove gas generated during irradiation; e) project of a mechanical structural reinforcement of the trailer was studied, improved and executed. In the mobile unit, a space was created for an analysis laboratory to monitor the wastewater before and after irradiation, establishing parameters in the quality control of the irradiated material.

Palavras-Chave: accelerators; decomposition; desulfurization; electron beams; organic compounds; petroleum industry; portable equipment; radiation protection; safety standards; waste water

SOMESSARI, SAMIR L.; FEHER, ANSELMO; SPRENGER, FRANCISCO E.; DUARTE, CELINA L.; SAMPA, MARIA H. de O.; OMI, NELSON M.; GASPER, RENATO R.; LAINETTI, FABIANA; FUGA, DANILO F.; RODRIGUES, MARCOS; CALVO, WILSON A.P. Development of a mobile unit with an electron beam accelerator (20 kw and 700 keV). In: INTERNATIONAL NUCLEAR ATLANTIC CONFERENCE, October 21-25, 2019, Santos, SP. Proceedings... Rio de Janeiro: Associação Brasileira de Energia Nuclear, 2019. p. 2628-2637. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/30647. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: New materials are being studied and widely applied in the health area, highlighting biocompatible polymers as the most versatile. Among these polymers, we developed the methodology for the manufacture of Thermoplastic Polyurethane films for application as Biomaterials. The proposed sterilization by ionizing radiation requires the study and characterization of the material to evaluate possible losses or modifications, due to the influence that the radiation can cause in the polymer chains, losing the characteristics for the purpose used. Therefore, the present work evaluates, through chemical and physicochemical characterization, the possible extension of the changes caused by the radiation in the polyurethane film. The material is produced in an environment with controlled temperature and humidity and subjected to increasing doses of gamma (15, 25 and 50 kGy), ethylene oxide and plasma as comparative techniques. The techniques DSC (Differential Scanning Calorimetry) TGA (Thermogravimetry) and FTIR-ATR (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry) have proved that the material, after applied the sterilization techniques, maintains its physical-chemical characteristics and does not suffer any modifications after the treatment.

Palavras-Chave: biological materials; calorimetry; chemical analysis; cobalt 60; films; fourier transformation; gamma radiation; infrared spectra; polyurethanes; radiation dose units; sterilization; thermoplastics

MASSEI, MARIANA G.R.; ZAIM, MARCIO H.; MACHADO, LUCI D.B.; MATHOR, MONICA B. Thermoplastic polyurethane as biomaterial: study of the modification caused by ionizing radiation. In: INTERNATIONAL NUCLEAR ATLANTIC CONFERENCE, October 21-25, 2019, Santos, SP. Proceedings... Rio de Janeiro: Associação Brasileira de Energia Nuclear, 2019. p. 2598-2608. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/30645. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: The High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) is a thermoplastic material with good performance and general use properties in the manufacturing industry being processed and blow molded, extruded and injected. Its low cost and easy processing makes HDPE one of the materials most used in the manufacture of several products in the world. Being a thermoplastic, its recycling is allowed, through a simple process and without major demands, however, due to the large consumption a large amount of material is generated in addition to costly recycling processes. In the recycling process there are losses of properties and the quality of the material thus compromising the use of the same, as well as, its applications in the market. The objective of this work is to study an additive developed as a rheology modifying agent for use in recycled materials. The materials were prepared according to 8 types divided into two groups with and without addition of additive and in the process condition being reprocessed or milled. Preliminary results such as Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy indicate the presence of peroxide in the additive, but in small amounts without the ability to completely crosslink. Mechanical tests with the test Proof Bodies (CP) for tensile, impact and flexural strength show great improvement in their properties, however in the fluidity index there is a decrease. The thermogravimetric or Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) tests present little variation of the mass loss for the CP, and the Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) the presence of endothermic reactions. This work can contribute by facilitating the use of recycled HDPE in a more practical and efficient manner, taking into account the industrial and environmental demands from the addition of additive with maintenance of the mechanical properties of the recycled material.

Palavras-Chave: calorimetry; fourier transformation; infrared spectra; polyethylenes; recycling; rheology; thermal gravimetric analysis

ARRUDA, MARCOS A. Preliminary evaluation of the rheological properties of High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) with use of recycling reology agent. In: INTERNATIONAL NUCLEAR ATLANTIC CONFERENCE, October 21-25, 2019, Santos, SP. Proceedings... Rio de Janeiro: Associação Brasileira de Energia Nuclear, 2019. p. 2578-2584. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/30643. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: To obtain the mesoporous nanostructured SBA-15 silica particles, a chemical reaction was perfomed using a template – a triblock copolymer (Pluronic 123®) - and a silica source - the tetraethyl orthosilicate - in acid medium. These silica particles were obtained by classical chemical reaction method and irradiation process (gamma rays from 60Co-Gammacell) at absorbed dose values of 0.5 kGy, 10 kGy and 25 kGy. Then, these silica particles were dispersed in epoxy resin Araldite® GY260 (diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A - DGEBA) and a cure agent. The particles dispersion was evaluated by two methodologies: a) Melt blending mode, where silica particles are dispersed in hot resin; b) Solvent-blended solution mode, where silica particles are dispersed in epoxy resin/acetone mixture in order to prevent the agglomeration of the inorganic phase. The silica particles had the specific surface area calculated from BET (Brunauer-Emmett-Teller) equation, while the BJH (Barrett- Joyner-Halenda) equation was used to determine pore volume and average diameter. Silica particles presented high surface area and pores arranged in hexagonal nanoscale diameter. The TEM images for irradiated silica particles have confirmed the hexagonal pore ordering in SBA-15 even using low gamma absorbed doses. The infrared absorption spectra (FTIR) confirmed that the added organic solvent has been effectively removed. Images of optical microscope revealed dispersion of the components by solvent-blended solution mode allows a better components interaction.

Palavras-Chave: absorbed radiation doses; cobalt 60; epoxides; fourier transformation; gamma radiation; infrared spectra; nanostructures; resins; silica; surfactants; transmission electron microscopy

VIRGINIO, SUELI; GERALDO, AUREA B.C.; MACHADO, LUCI D.B.; COSENTINO, IVANA C.; MATOS, JIVALDO do R. Evaluation of ordered mesoporous silica SBA-15 dispersed in epoxy resin. In: INTERNATIONAL NUCLEAR ATLANTIC CONFERENCE, October 21-25, 2019, Santos, SP. Proceedings... Rio de Janeiro: Associação Brasileira de Energia Nuclear, 2019. p. 2545-2551. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/30641. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: Track-etched membranes (TeMs) are thin polymer films with pores of various geometries made by irradiating on the DC-60 cyclotron and subsequent chemical etching. The objective of this work is to evaluate the electrochemical behavior of track-etched membranes with embedded copper nanotubes (TeMs/CuNT) using Cyclic Voltammetry. TeMs were prepared from 12.0 μm polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film by irradiation with 84Kr+15 on the DC-60 heavy ion accelerator. The irradiated film was etched in a basic solution followed by H2O2/UV system. The characterization was performed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). For the electroless plating consists of three successive stages: sensitization, activation and directly deposition. The electrochemical studies was performed in two different media KOH and Na2SO4 adding adding 100uL aliquots of nitrate solution using Pt as counter electrode, Ag/AgI as reference and the copper as work electrode. The results showed the potential of TeMs/CuNT as nitrate sensor in sodium sulfate medium.

Palavras-Chave: copper; electrochemistry; electrolytes; etching; films; gamma radiation; heavy ion accelerators; irradiation; nanotubes; nitrates; scanning electron microscopy; sodium sulfates; water

ZDOROVETS, MAXIM; MASHENTSEVA, ANASTASSIYA; ANGNES, LUCIO; JACOVONE, RAYNARA M.S.; SAKATA, SOLANGE K. Electrochemical behaviour of track-etched membranes with embedded copper nanotubes. In: INTERNATIONAL NUCLEAR ATLANTIC CONFERENCE, October 21-25, 2019, Santos, SP. Proceedings... Rio de Janeiro: Associação Brasileira de Energia Nuclear, 2019. p. 2532-2537. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/30639. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: The aim of this research was to check the changes in the mechanical and thermal properties of poly(butylene adipate co-terephthalate)/poly(lactic acid) (PBAT/PLA) polymeric blend, which commercial name is Ecovio®, after radiation processing in different absorbed doses. PBAT and PLA are biodegradable polymers and the Ecovio® polymeric blend consists of at least 80% of polymers from renewable resources. The irradiation was performed in a Radiation Dynamics Inc. electron beam accelerator, with 1.5 MeV of energy and electric current of 25 mA. Samples were prepared for micrograph, mechanical and thermal analyses. These samples were irradiated with absorbed doses of 5 kGy, 10 kGy, 15 kGy, 25 kGy and 50 kGy. The samples, after irradiation, were submitted to experiments of ultimate strength, tensile strength, ultimate elongation, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results showed a good interaction between the components of the polymeric blends and the radiation effect on polymeric blend promoted changes in PBAT and PLA polymers, increasing tenacity of these biopolymers and consequently facilitating yarn formation in processing. In conclusion, these irradiated blends could be used to make environmental friendly products.

Palavras-Chave: absorbed radiation doses; accelerators; calorimetry; electron beams; irradiation; mechanical properties; mixing; polymers; radiation dose units; scanning electron microscopy; thermodynamic properties

MUNHOZ, PEDRO M.; SILVA, LEONARDO G. de A. e; HARADA, JULIO; NASCIMENTO, FERNANDO C.; CALVO, WILSON A.P. Poly (butylene adipate co-terephthalate)/poly (lactic acid) (PBAT/PLA) blend characterization processed by electron beam. In: INTERNATIONAL NUCLEAR ATLANTIC CONFERENCE, October 21-25, 2019, Santos, SP. Proceedings... Rio de Janeiro: Associação Brasileira de Energia Nuclear, 2019. p. 2510-2524. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/30637. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: The major part of the world production of hydrogen is originated from a combination of methane steam reforming and water gas shift reaction resulting in a n H 2 rich mixture known as reformate gas, which contains about 1% vol (10, 000 p pm) of carbon monoxide (CO). The preferential oxidation reaction of CO in H 2 rich mixtures (CO PROX) has been considered a very promising process for H 2 purification, reducing CO for values below 50 ppm allowing its use in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFC). Au nanopart icles supported on TiO 2 (Au/TiO 2 ) catalysts have been shown good activity and selectivity for CO PROX reaction in the temperature range between 20 ºC and 80 ºC; however, the catalytic activity strongly depend s on the preparation method. Also, the addition of Cu to the Au/TiO 2 catalyst could increase the activity and selectivity for CO PROX reaction. In this work, AuCu/TiO 2 catalysts with composition 0.5%Au0. 5%Cu/TiO 2 were prepared in a single step using electron beam irradiation, where the Au 3+ and Cu 2+ ion s were dissolved in water/2 propanol solution , the TiO 2 support was dispersed and the obtained mixture was irradiated under stirring at room temperature using different dose rates ( 8 64 kGy s 1 ) and doses 144 576 kGy The catalysts were characterized by energy dispersive X ray analysis (EDX), X ray diffraction (XRD), transmissi on electron microscopy (TEM), temperature programmed reduction (TPR) and tested for CO PROX reaction In the studied conditions, it was observed that the increase of t he dose rate and the total dose contributed to a decrease in the mean nanoparticle sizes. The best result was obtained with a catalyst prepared with a dose rate of 64 kGy s 1 and a dose of 576 kGy showed a CO conversion of 45% and a CO 2 selectivity of 30% at 150 o C.

Palavras-Chave: absorbed radiation doses; carbon monoxide; catalysts; copper; dose rates; electron beams; gold; hydrogen; irradiation; mixtures; nanoparticles; oxidation; titanium oxides; transmission electron microscopy; x-ray diffraction; x-ray spectroscopy

ALENCAR, CATARINE S.L.; PAIVA, ANA R.N.; SILVA, LEONARDO G. de A. e; SOMESSARI, ELIZABETH S.R.; VAZ, JORGE M.; SPINACE, ESTEVAM V. AuCu/TiO2 catalysts prepared using electron beam irradiation for the preferential oxidation of carbono monoxide in hydrogen-rich mixtures. In: INTERNATIONAL NUCLEAR ATLANTIC CONFERENCE, October 21-25, 2019, Santos, SP. Proceedings... Rio de Janeiro: Associação Brasileira de Energia Nuclear, 2019. p. 2481-2491. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/30635. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: Eggshell is a solid waste, with production of several tons per day and it is mostly sent to landfills at a high management cost. It is economically viable to transform eggshell waste to acquire new values, transforming it into a bioplastic: a biodegradable polymer made from bio mass. Chicken eggshell nano powder will be used for reinforcement of biodegradable polymers: PLA (poli lactic acid) and PBAT (butylene adipate co terephthalate), at 2.5, 5.0 and 10.0 %. Previous studies using PBAT/PLA, 50/50 blends containing 15% of chicken eggshell 125 μm improved mechanical behavior of net blends: values for both force and strain practically doubled, proving the effective reinforcement action of bio calcium carbonate. Biodegradable polymers as PLA (poli lactic acid) and PBAT (butylene adipate co terephthalate) are thermoplastics which can be processed using conventional polymer processing methods. PLA is high in strength and modulus (63 MPa and 3.4 GPa, respectively) but brittle (strain at break 3.8%) while PBAT is flexible and tough (strain at break ∼710%). In order to reduce interfacial tension exhibited by PLA/PBAT blend, compatibilization is fundamental: herein it was used as compatibilizing agent PLA previously e beam irradiated at 150 kGy: ionizing radiation induces compatibilization by free radicals, improving the dispersion and adhesion of blend phases, without the use of chemical additives and at room temperature. PBAT/PLA blends were prepared at the weight ratio of 82 / 18 together with compatibilizing agent: 5.0 % of PLA 150 kGy e beam radiated. Samples were first homogeneized in a co rotating twin screw extruder and further foamed in a mono screw extruder, by using CO2 as Physical Blowing Agent (PBA). Characterizations involved: DSC, TGA, FTIR, XRD, Tensile Strength and Elongation at Break.

Palavras-Chave: calorimetry; chickens; compatibility; eggs; fourier transformation; infrared spectra; ionizing radiations; mixing; nanopowders; polyesters; shells

CARDOSO, ELISABETH C.L.; PARRA, DUCLERC F.; SCAGLIUSI, SANDRA R.; LUGAO, ADEMAR B. Study of PBAT/PLA bio based foams reinforced with chicken eggshell nano powder compatibilized with ionizing radiation. In: INTERNATIONAL NUCLEAR ATLANTIC CONFERENCE, October 21-25, 2019, Santos, SP. Proceedings... Rio de Janeiro: Associação Brasileira de Energia Nuclear, 2019. p. 2443-2456. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/30633. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: Graphene is a 2D carbon-based nanomaterial that has a high specific surface area with remarkable physical and chemical properties. These unique properties make graphene a nanomaterial with wide electrochemical applications. However, it is not possible to functionalize graphene sheets and increase their field of application because there are no organic functions in their surface. So, an important precursor of graphene, graphene oxide (GO), then contains oxygen functional groups on the surface is been using functionalized. Partial reduction of graphene oxide leads to reduced graphene, a nanomaterial that combines both properties of graphene and graphene oxide: an excellent electrical and thermal conductivity and remaining oxygen groups that allow its functionalization. In the literature it is described many ways to produce reduced oxide graphene from graphene oxide, such as chemical reduction using hydrazine hydrate or NaBH4 or thermal reduction using high temperatures. Here in it is described an attractive and green process to reduce graphene oxide in aqua solution using gamma radiation. Exfoliated graphene oxide (1-100mg / L) under inert medium was submitted to gamma radiation. The radiation dose ranged from 20 to 80 kGy and the product was centrifuged. The characterization was performed by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Infrared Spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) and Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The XRD results demonstrated characteristic diffraction peaks at about 10° and 25° corresponding to GO and Graphene, respectively, indicating the rGO formation. ATR-FTIR showed the characteristic peaks of functional groups (epoxy, hydroxyl and carboxyl) for GO. After the gamma irradiation, it was noticed a reduction at the intensity of the peaks at of carboxyl/carbonyl an increase at aromatic carbon bond. TGA analysis indicated a decrease of the oxygen groups.

Palavras-Chave: fourier transformation; gamma radiation; graphene; infrared spectra; irradiation; nanomaterials; radiation dose ranges; thermal gravimetric analysis; water; x-ray diffraction

JACOVONE, RAYNARA M.S.; TOMINAGA, FLAVIO K.; BRANDAO, OCTAVIO A.B.; GARCIA, RAFAEL H.L.; SAKATA, SOLANGE K. Synthesis of reduced graphene oxide by gamma irradiation. In: INTERNATIONAL NUCLEAR ATLANTIC CONFERENCE, October 21-25, 2019, Santos, SP. Proceedings... Rio de Janeiro: Associação Brasileira de Energia Nuclear, 2019. p. 2398-2405. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/30631. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: Nowadays, car tires are not provided with inner air or tubeless, pointing toward a technical evolution. Nevertheless, trucks tires even use at present inner tires, composed almost fully by a synthetic material, which ensures either a good potential for air constraint or longer periods for inspection of tires pressure. Inner tire is located inside the tire which does not have any extra sealing in the wheel to withstand compressed air. It is designed to resist to expansion of these elements, inside common tires. This rubbery and vulcanized coating has chemical and physical characteristics which enable it to bear a very high air pressurization, avoiding leakages while protects tire outer frame. Inner tires models are exposed to higher temperatures and pressures that contribute to accelerate abrasion. This work aims to the study of mechanical properties changes of an inner tire used in trucks, after gamma rays exposure, in order to promote further material recycling. Ionizing radiation choice was due to its capacity to modify materials structure and properties besides its applicability for rubbers recycling/recovery. For samples characterization, non-irradiated and irradiated at 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 kGy, there were accomplished following tests: tensile and elongation at break, hardness, thermal ageing and CHN elementary analysis. It was observed a decrease in mechanical properties for irradiated samples at doses higher than 20 kGy,.

Palavras-Chave: chemical properties; cobalt 60; dose rates; gamma radiation; irradiation; mechanical properties; radiation dose units; rubbers; tires; trucks; vulcanization

SCAGLIUSI, SANDRA R.; CARDOSO, ELISABETH C.L.; CAVIQUIOLI, FERNANDO; SALES, RICARDO M.; LUGAO, ADEMAR B. Study of mechanical and chemical properties stability of inner tubes exposed to gamma radiation. In: INTERNATIONAL NUCLEAR ATLANTIC CONFERENCE, October 21-25, 2019, Santos, SP. Proceedings... Rio de Janeiro: Associação Brasileira de Energia Nuclear, 2019. p. 2379-2387. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/30629. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: Chitosan is a polyssacharide obtained from chitin’s molecule deacetylation which is the main constituent of some fungi species and the exoskeleton of crustaceans, insects and mollusks. Frequently the production of chitosan is from the crab shells and shrimps that are byproducts of the fishing industry, so it is highly dependent on seasonality. Therefore, finding new chitin’s sources become important. The amino groups present in chitosan give important biological properties such as biodegradability and biocompatibility, activity/immunological effects and antibacterial healing. The chitosan deacetylation process is an aggressive reaction since it requires the attack of chitineous substrate in hot and high concentrated alkalis solution by 1 to 17 hours. It is possible to reduce reagent concentration and time using high-energy irradiation (gamma rays and electron beam). The advantages of radiation use in high-energy include: the absence of chemical initiators, the process can be performed at room temperature and there is no need for the use of solvents. In this work, crab shell, shrimps, squid glads and blattaria were used in order to compare the quality of chitosan found in each animal source. After pretreatment, which include the steps of demineralization and deproteinization, the samples were irradiated at a dose of 20 kGy (gammacell) in order to reduce the deacetylation time. The chitosan from the used chitin sources was characterized by FTIR analysis and its degree of deacetylation was determined.

Palavras-Chave: acetylation; chitin; cockroaches; crustaceans; demineralization; fungi; gamma radiation; irradiation; radiation doses

FERREIRA, MAIARA S.; MOURA, EDUARDO; GERALDO, AUREA B.C. Ionizing radiation applied to one step conversion from different sources of chitin. In: INTERNATIONAL NUCLEAR ATLANTIC CONFERENCE, October 21-25, 2019, Santos, SP. Proceedings... Rio de Janeiro: Associação Brasileira de Energia Nuclear, 2019. p. 2358-2365. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/30627. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: Plutonium-238 is currently still the best fuel to power satellites to be sent to deep space in regions where the solar panels can no longer efficiently receive the sunlight. For 50 years, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) has used this radioisotope as a fuel in radioisotope thermoelectric generators (RTGs) installed on satellites such as Pioneer 10 and 11, Voyager 1 and 2, Cassini-Huygens and New Horizons, as well as the various rovers sent to the Moon and to Mars, among others. Plutonium-238 is not a naturally occurring isotope on the planet, it was produced in greater quantity during the Cold War period, as a by-product of the production of Plutonium-239 used for nuclear bombs. However, after the shutting down of the Savannah River reactors in 1988 and the ending of the Soviet Union in 1991, the United States stock of Plutonium-238 has been increasingly reduced, which threatens NASA's future space projects. Commentaries on the options available to the United States, from restarting the production of this fuel, to possible alternatives for a new type of fuel or equipment that may supply the spacecrafts, are also presented.

Palavras-Chave: plutonium 238; fuels; radioisotopes; reactors; nuclear fuels; satellites; plutonium oxides; control rooms; fuel elements

SMITH, RICARDO B.; ROMERO, FERNANDA; VICENTE, ROBERTO. Plutonium-238: the fuel crisis. In: INTERNATIONAL NUCLEAR ATLANTIC CONFERENCE, October 21-25, 2019, Santos, SP. Proceedings... Rio de Janeiro: Associação Brasileira de Energia Nuclear, 2019. p. 2345-2351. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/30625. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: Two-dimensional (2D) cell models are extensively used in biomedical research to evaluate the efficacy and safety of new drugs. However, these conventional approaches do not precisely mimic the complexity of the organ microenvironment. To overcome this obstacle, three-dimensional (3D) spheroid cell structures usually referred to as spheroids are being developed to better represent the morphological and functional similarity to the tissues. Among several techniques currently employed to produce three-dimensional cell cultures, one of the most promising is the magnetic levitation, which consists of the magnetization of the cells through adsorption of magnetic nanoparticles of iron oxide (Fe3O4), which are produced by the reaction of Fe2+ and Fe3+ ions in alkaline medium. This work produced paramagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (PIONs) by coprecipitation from an Fe2+ source. The reduction to Fe3+ was obtained by the ionization caused by gamma radiation (60Co) at 15 or 30 kGy radiation absorbed doses. After functionalization with poly-lysine, the nanoparticle suspensions were characterized by XRD, FTIR, zeta potential analysis, DLS and TEM which showed the successful attachment of the carboxylate groups to iron, explaining the ability of the particles to be adsorbed by the membranes. Biological assays showed that these PIONs were biocompatible and efficiently could be applied to develop prostate 3D tumor spheroids model for drug screening.

Palavras-Chave: absorbed radiation doses; biological materials; cell cultures; cobalt 60; gamma radiation; iron ions; iron oxides; nanoparticles; spheroids; x-ray diffraction

CORAZZA, FULVIO G.; PASSOS, PRISCILA de Q.S.; LIMA, MAYELLE M.P.; TOMINAGA, FLAVIO K.; SAKATA, SOLANGE K.; GONÇALVES, KARINA O.; COURROL, LILIA C.; VIEIRA, DANIEL P. Synthesis of paramagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles for application in in vitro three-dimensional biological models through gamma radiation and microwave reduction of iron ions. In: INTERNATIONAL NUCLEAR ATLANTIC CONFERENCE, October 21-25, 2019, Santos, SP. Proceedings... Rio de Janeiro: Associação Brasileira de Energia Nuclear, 2019. p. 2284-2295. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/30623. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: In Brazil, hydrothermal quartz may be found in the geodes of the basaltic rocks of the Paraná Basin and in the vein systems of quartzites of the Serra do Espinhaço. The quartz of hydrothermal origin of the Paraná Basin contains a great amount of structurally bound water in the form of molecular water, silanol, hydroxyl and abundant growth defects that are responsible for the green color formed by irradiation. To register the influence of water in the formation of the green color in the quartz of the Paraná Basin, quartz samples from the following regions were analyzed: Artigas, located in the Paraná Basin, Curvelo and Brejinho located in Serra do Espinhaço. The quartz from Artigas, formed at low temperature, has high concentration of molecular water and silanol and a greater amount of Fe than Al. The quartz from Curvelo with Al, but, without water molecular and silanol was formed by intermediate temperature and the quartz from Brejinho has very little Al, Fe and a small silanol and molecular water content. To characterize these samples, ICP and NIR-FTIR spectroscopic measurements have been taken, together with water loss techniques and color stability, by UV treatment and heating. The analysis by FTIR spectrometry of Artigas quartz samples shows strong absorptions of H2O and Si-OH, respectively, near the regions of 5300 cm-1 and 4500 cm-1. This content of molecular water and silanol in hydrothermal quartz of Artigas is responsible for the formation of NBOHC defects that produce, by gamma radiation, the green color.

Palavras-Chave: chemical analysis; cobalt 60; color; comparative evaluations; defects; fourier transformation; gamma radiation; icp mass spectroscopy; infrared spectra; infrared spectrometers; irradiation; quartz; quartzites; ultraviolet radiation; water

ENOKIHARA, CYRO T.; SCHULTZ-GUTTLER, RAINER A.; RELA, PAULO R. Comparative analysis of quartz treated with gamma radiation originated from the hydrothermal geodes of the Paraná Basin (Artigas-Uruguay region), with quartz generated in the hydrothermal veins of Serra do Espinhaço (Curvelo-MG and Brejinho-BA regions). In: INTERNATIONAL NUCLEAR ATLANTIC CONFERENCE, October 21-25, 2019, Santos, SP. Proceedings... Rio de Janeiro: Associação Brasileira de Energia Nuclear, 2019. p. 2262-2275. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/30621. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: Exotic nuclei cross sections data became crucial for the nuclei formation study existing in nature and for the reactors engineering. These data are currently determined in experiment realized in post-accelerator or high intensity neutron sources. So, in IPEN is being studied an experiment to calculate the neutron-rich nuclei cross section using the IEA-R1 reactor. The first step is to development software in GEANT4 to determine 140Ba quantities when a Uranium sample is irradiated. 140Ba is an interest element in nuclear astrophysics with halflive sufficient to be detected in Uranium fission chain within nuclear reactors. The GEANT4 Detector Construction class is the class where the Uranium sample and neutron source are localized and the Physics and Process class determine the neutron source beam characteristics. Two tests were performed with different neutron quantities in the irradiated beam which is directed to a Uranium sample, with 20% of U235 and 80% of U238, in box shape. For the first test were produced 121 nuclei. And, for the second test was produced 3568 nuclei, being a value reasonable to detect in the experiment.

Palavras-Chave: barium 140; computer codes; computerized simulation; cross sections; iear-1 reactor; irradiation; monte carlo method; neutron beams; neutron sources; uranium

LONGHINI, EDUARDO P.; GENEZINI, FREDERICO A.; MORALLES, MAURICIO. Detector simulation in GEANT4 to reach 140Ba in the uranium fission fragment. In: INTERNATIONAL NUCLEAR ATLANTIC CONFERENCE, October 21-25, 2019, Santos, SP. Proceedings... Rio de Janeiro: Associação Brasileira de Energia Nuclear, 2019. p. 2243-2249. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/30619. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: Instrumental neutron activation analysis technique (INAA) has been used to determine Br, Ca, Cl, Cr, Fe, K, Mg, Na, P and S concentrations in whole blood of GRMD dogs’ samples from control, carrier and affected dogs (treated and untreated). The GRMD dogs are relevant as an experimental model for Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD), which is the most severe and prevalent type of muscular dystrophy. Muscle weakness, premature death and instability of the membrane that involves the muscle fibers - causing functional/structural abnormalities and cell death - are main characteristics of this genetic disease. To show in more details the alterations that this disease may cause in whole blood, correlations matrixes were generated for control, carried and affected groups permitting a comparison between them. The results emphasize physiologic differences for K and Mg and suggest that Br results are altered, emphasizing a constant monitoring need. Other than that, these results may help the researchers to evaluate the efficiency of new treatments and to compare the advantages of different treatment approaches before performing tests in patients with muscular dystrophy.

Palavras-Chave: blood; bromine; dogs; genetics; muscles; neutron activation analysis; skeletal diseases; x-ray fluorescence analysis

METAIRON, SABRINA; ZAMBONI, CIBELE B.; SILVA, DALTON G.N. da. Correlation analysis of inorganic elements in whole blood of GRMD dogs using INAA. In: INTERNATIONAL NUCLEAR ATLANTIC CONFERENCE, October 21-25, 2019, Santos, SP. Proceedings... Rio de Janeiro: Associação Brasileira de Energia Nuclear, 2019. p. 2204-2209. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/30617. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: The objective of experiment was determinate the radiation dose for disinfestation to mango Mangifera indica cv. Haden, infested by Anastrepha fraterculus larvae. For realization of the experiment, were collected fruits in the field, which were taking to Entomology laboratory where there was a infestation by the flies in cages during 72 hours period. Waited for the development of the larvae and before 5 – 8 days to infestation, the mangos were irradiated in a Cobalt-60 source with doses of: 0(control), 50, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900, 1000, 1.100, 1.200 and 1.300 Gy. After the irradiation, the fruits were placed in climate chamber with 25 ±5°C of temperature and 70±5% of relative humidity, posteriorly waited the larvae exit to out of the fruit until the transformation in pupae and posteriorly in adult stage. By the results obtained our can concluded that the lethal dose to larvae in mangoes infested with 5-8 days after infestation were 600 Gy and 1.000 Gy (0.6 and 1 kGy) respectively. The dose of 50 Gy prevented the total adult emergence for both treatments.

Palavras-Chave: cobalt 60; disinfestation; flies; gamma 10 devices; larvae; mangoes; pest control; radiation doses

ARTHUR, PAULA B.; MACHI, ANDRE R.; LEANDRO, R.S.R.; ARTHUR, VALTER. Disinfestation of mangoes haden infested by Anastrepha fraterculus (Wied., 1830) (Diptera, Tephritidae), with gamma radiation. In: INTERNATIONAL NUCLEAR ATLANTIC CONFERENCE, October 21-25, 2019, Santos, SP. Proceedings... Rio de Janeiro: Associação Brasileira de Energia Nuclear, 2019. p. 2184-2190. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/30615. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: Due to difficulties of vegetative propagating of any pants, many tests were performed with ionizing radiation aiming the modification of the characteristics of the plants for obtaining of the improved genotypes and of smaller size. Rootstock “Espada” cultivar, were used to obtain mango seedlings of “Tommy” cultivar. The cuttings were irradiated with different doses of gamma radiation: 0 (control), 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10.0 Gy, in a source of Cobalt-60 type Gammacell-220, installed in the Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, CENA-USP. After irradiation, was performed the grafting type cleft graft. Was made the first evaluation of height of the plants from the budding grafting after 24 months. Data were subjected by statistic program (SAS) and the means were compared by Tukey test (p <0.05). From the results obtained can be concluded that the doses of 2.5 Gy stimulated growth of the plants and the lethal dose was 10.0 Gy because don’t have development of plants.

Palavras-Chave: cobalt 60; gamma radiation; grafts; irradiation; lethal doses; mangoes; radiation doses; seedlings

FRANCO, SUELY S.H.; FRANCO, JOSE G.; FERRARI, LUIZ; MACHI, ANDRE R.; LEANDRO, RODRIGO S.R.; ARTHUR, PAULA B.; ARTHUR, VALTER. Propagation of mango seedlings of the cultivar “Tommy” by grafts irradiated. In: INTERNATIONAL NUCLEAR ATLANTIC CONFERENCE, October 21-25, 2019, Santos, SP. Proceedings... Rio de Janeiro: Associação Brasileira de Energia Nuclear, 2019. p. 2157-2161. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/30613. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: Worldwide the loss of stored grain is a problem of economic order of importance, in view of the concern of the increased supply of food for a world population increasingly expanding. Associated with this fact, there is the problem of nutritional deficiency due to lack of protein, especially for the less privileged populations in the resources of a country. This lack could be met by adequate supply of grain produced, requiring for it, a system that provides optimum grain storage conditions in securing the quality until the time of consumption. The use of radiation in stored grain can solve the problem of the losses in these products, as it does not induce resistance of insects and leaves no toxic residue to the consumer, and is considered an effective and safe method. The aim of the experiment was to determine the sterilizing dose of ionizing radiation from cobalt-60 to Alphitobius diaperinus (Panzer, 1797)(Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) in peanuts irradiated in pupa stage. The experiment was conducted in the laboratory of Radiobiology and Environment of the Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture - CENA / USP., Piracicaba, SP, Brazil. Peanuts samples infested with pupae of A. diaperinus were utilized in the experiment that consisted of 8 treatments with 5 repetitions. Each repetition consisted of 20 pupae a total of 100 individuals per treatment. Were irradiated with doses of 0 (control), 25, 50, 75, 100, 125, 150 and 175 Gy, in a source of cobalt-60, Gammacell-220 type, with a rate dose of 381Gy / h. The experiment was conducted in a room with temperatures of 25 ± 5 ° C and relative humidity of 70 ± 5%. After of irradiation process was evaluated of the number of emerged adult insects in each repetition in the treatments. The results show that the sterilizing dose in F1 generation was 125 Gy and the pupa lethal dose 150 Gy. The dose of 150 Gy of gamma radiation can be used as phytosanitary treatment to control of immature stages of A. diaperinus infested peanuts.

Palavras-Chave: beetles; cobalt 60; dose rates; insects; irradiation; peanuts; pupae; radiation dose units; radiation doses; sterilization

ARTHUR, PAULA B.; VILLAVICENCIO, ANNA L.C.H.; MACHI, ANDRE R.; LEANDRO, RODRIGO S.R.; ARTHUR, VALTER. Sterilizing of Alphitobius diaperinus (Panzer, 1797) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) irradiated in pupa stage. In: INTERNATIONAL NUCLEAR ATLANTIC CONFERENCE, October 21-25, 2019, Santos, SP. Proceedings... Rio de Janeiro: Associação Brasileira de Energia Nuclear, 2019. p. 2123-2128. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/30610. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: The radiation from radioactive isotopes of the natural radioactive series of thorium (Th-232) and uranium (U- 238 and U-235), as well as radioactive potassium (K-40), are the major contributors of natural terrestrial radiation. The K-40 is a radionuclide that occurs naturally in a fixed ratio with the stable potassium. Potassium is an essential element for humans and its concentration in the body is controlled by metabolic processes. Beer is a highly widespread drink and is consumed worldwide. One of the great characteristics of the variety of beers, in their styles, is the possibility of using innumerable ingredients in their production, such as different fruits, seasonings, leaves and roots, grains, malts and hops, and the choice of ingredients can interfere directly in their properties. The present study presents the K-40 determination in beers with different styles applying the technique of analysis by gamma spectrometry. Reference material IAEA-327-Soil was analyzed for validation of the methodology. The results differ mainly due to the different raw materials used in the beer production.

Palavras-Chave: beverage industry; beverages; concentration ratio; dosimetry; gamma radiation; gamma spectroscopy; high-purity ge detectors; natural radioactivity; potassium 40

SMITH, RICARDO B.; CHEBERLE, LUAN T.V.; ROSA, MYCHELLE M.L.; VICENTE, ROBERTO. Determination of potassium-40 in some beer styles. In: INTERNATIONAL NUCLEAR ATLANTIC CONFERENCE, October 21-25, 2019, Santos, SP. Proceedings... Rio de Janeiro: Associação Brasileira de Energia Nuclear, 2019. p. 2107-2113. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/30608. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: Iodine is one of the essential trace elements of much interest in nutritional research being responsible for the production of the thyroid hormones, which has great importance for human metabolism. Edible algae species accumulate iodine from seawater and are considered a good dietary source of this nutrient. The Epithermal Neutron Activation Analysis (ENAA) was applied to determine the iodine concentration in edible algae species and derivatives. Twenty-one sample for 4 edible algae species Porphyra umbilicalis (common name: Nori), Hijikia fusiforme (Hijiki), Undaria pinnatifida (Wakame) and Laminaria spp. (Kombu) and 3 samples of the derivative sample, ágar, were analyzed. The results pointed out a great variability of I concentration in these species. The highest I concentration obtained was 9324±113 mg/kg in Laminaria spp. (Kombu). Hijikia fulsiforme (Hijiki) also presented high values (1803±86 mg/kg). The lowest I content was obtained in agar samples (3.18±0.29 mg/kg).

Palavras-Chave: algae; concentration ratio; iodine; metabolism; neutron activation analysis; public health; thyroid hormones; trace amounts

ALBUQUERQUE, CAROLINE R.; MAIHARA, VERA A.; SILVA, PAULO S.C. da. Iodine determination in edible algae species using ENAA methodology. In: INTERNATIONAL NUCLEAR ATLANTIC CONFERENCE, October 21-25, 2019, Santos, SP. Proceedings... Rio de Janeiro: Associação Brasileira de Energia Nuclear, 2019. p. 2093-2101. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/30606. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: A kind of the consumption forms of drinks presentation that has grown and appreciated for the most people is the nectar. The papaya nectar had recognized as a differentiated form of this fruit, where the industry also gains in time of conservation, since the papaya is an extremely perishable fruit. The aim of this study was to evaluate gamma radiation as a way of conserving papaya nectar. Papaya nectar was developed and subjected to gamma radiation at the dose of 1kGy in a dose tax of 0.356kGy.hour-1 and compared this treatment with the control (0kGy). According to the results obtained, can be concluded that the dose used was adequate for the conservation of this product for the period evaluated reaching the aim.

Palavras-Chave: cobalt 60; food processing; gamma radiation; irradiation; papayas; radiation doses; storage life

HARDER, MARCIA N.C.; ANDRADE, TATIANE de; REIS, FERNANDA M.; FEITOSA, NATALIA M.; PEREIRA, PAMELA; ROBERTO, SUZANE P.; GOMES, SIMONE R.; ARTHUR, VALTER. Shelf-life of papaya nectar submitted to ionizing radiation. In: INTERNATIONAL NUCLEAR ATLANTIC CONFERENCE, October 21-25, 2019, Santos, SP. Proceedings... Rio de Janeiro: Associação Brasileira de Energia Nuclear, 2019. p. 2079-2085. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/30604. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: Brazil is a major food producer and food exporter. Still, a large part of the Brazilian population faces hunger, food insecurity and malnutrition. From agriculture to the consumer's table, a significant part of the production is lost during post-harvest, transport, storage and commerce, due to the deterioration of food products. These are some of the main Brazilian issues and nuclear techniques present alternatives to this demand. Nevertheless, Brazilian consumers fear ionizing radiation and misunderstand its real benefits. Consumers do not know the difference between irradiated food and radioactive food and the public has major concerns about the negative health effects and environmental contamination. This article brings the authors' experience on science communication about Food Irradiation to teach fundamental concepts and answer to the most Frequently Asked Questions about processes, safety, advantages, limitations, possibilities, impacts on human health and impacts on the environment. The content includes global aspects of food irradiation, laws and regulations, nuclear techniques in agriculture and the potential value of nuclear technology to contribute to national economy and public health. This paper describes the different tools used for outreach different audiences, to assist other experts on planning strategies to communicate nuclear science. Food irradiation improves the quality of daily life, but it is not enough to have innovation and technology if there is no information. Scientific community is expected to communicate science outside academia, informing the public and qualifying opinion-makers. It is a must to educate future problem solvers and actual decision-makers, including producers, industry, commerce and consumers.

Palavras-Chave: communications; education; educational tools; food processing; nuclear energy; public information

LEVY, DENISE S.; VILLAVICENCIO, ANNA L.C.H. Food irradiation: communication strategies to bridge the gap between scientists and the public. In: INTERNATIONAL NUCLEAR ATLANTIC CONFERENCE, October 21-25, 2019, Santos, SP. Proceedings... Rio de Janeiro: Associação Brasileira de Energia Nuclear, 2019. p. 2046-2055. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/30602. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: Development of ready to eat food need effective conservation technologies to ensure that product will be free from bacterial, viral, and pathogens contamination. Beyond t h a t, it is important to maintain satisfying consumers’ requirements about taste, practicality advantages and n utrition. In t his context irradiation process is a treatment that reaches to reduce the microbial load making food safer. For this purpose, different radiation doses may be applied, which may or may not interfere negatively on other parameters of food quality. The objec tive of this work is to evaluate the effects of ionizing radiation on the instrumental characteristics of an elaborated ready toeat product. The samples were irradiated at the Radiation Technology Center (CTR) of the Nuclear and Energy Research Institute ( IPEN / CNEN SP), with doses of 0 (control), 4.5 kGy and 7,5 kGy. After irradiation processing the Texture analysis were performed in a Texturometer TA XT2, Color measurements in a Minolta Chroma Meter and Water Activity (aw). Hardness results increased pro portionally with the increase in the applied dose. It was not found significant difference between the doses in relation to the results for aw. In conclusion, both doses can be used to this kind of product.

Palavras-Chave: cobalt 60; color; food processing; gamma radiation; irradiation; radiation doses; radiation effects; texture

NEGRAO, BIANCA G.; SÁ, ANA P.N. de; KOIKE, AMANDA C.R.; VILLAVICENCIO, ANNA L.C.H. Evaluation of texture and color of ready-to-eat food processing by ionizing radiation. In: INTERNATIONAL NUCLEAR ATLANTIC CONFERENCE, October 21-25, 2019, Santos, SP. Proceedings... Rio de Janeiro: Associação Brasileira de Energia Nuclear, 2019. p. 2030-2037. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/30600. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: Over the last few years, the trend of using flowers in gastronomy, edible flowers are used in food preparations in order to add beauty, color and flavor. On the other hand, several species have active biologically substances, which play an important role in health maintenance. These highly perishable food should be grown without the use of pesticides. Thus, several methods are applied to increase the shelf life of food products, as well as ensure their quality and safety. Among the treatments, the food irradiation process has proven to be an effective tool in preserving and extending the shelf life of perishable product. Dianthus chinensis flowers, popularly known as Chinese pink (cravina), belongs to the family Caryophyllaceae, are native to Asia and Europe, are widely used in culinary preparations, being also acknowledged for their bioactive components and antioxidant properties. The purpose of this study was to evaluate carotenoids in D. chinensis flowers submitted to gamma irradiation and electron beam doses of 0.5, 0.8 and 1.0 kGy. High performance liquid chromatography was used to carotenoids determination. In the specie of edible flowers analyzed it was found carotenoid lutein (2.77 to x 7.52 mg/ 100 g). In general, the lutein was higher for irradiated samples, especially those treated with 0.8 and 1.0 kGy independently of irradiation technology. Accordingly, the applied irradiation treatments seemed to represent a feasible technology to preserve the quality of edible flower petals.

Palavras-Chave: carotenoids; electron beams; flowers; gamma radiation; high-performance liquid chromatography; irradiation; radiation dose units; statistical data

KOIKE, AMANDA C.R.; ARAUJO, ELIAS S.; ALMEIDA-MURADIAN, LIGIA B.; VILLAVICENCIO, ANNA L.C.H. Analysis of carotenoids in edible flowers of Dianthus chinensis processed by ionizing radiation. In: INTERNATIONAL NUCLEAR ATLANTIC CONFERENCE, October 21-25, 2019, Santos, SP. Proceedings... Rio de Janeiro: Associação Brasileira de Energia Nuclear, 2019. p. 2007-2014. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/30598. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: Toxic elements in contact with the human body cause numerous health problems. The contamination occurs mostly by food consumption, such as the ingestion of fish contaminated with high concentrations of As, Cd, Hg or Pb among other elements. Many fishermen and their family members end up exposing themselves to different toxic elements due to fish based diet as the main protein nutrient because they are unaware of the health risks associated with the consumption of fish from contaminated waters. In the present study, quantification of the toxic or potentially toxic elements As, Br, Cs, Cr, Co, Fe, K, Na, Sc, Se and Zn in samples of fish of the genus Astyanax (known by the common name of lambari) collected at Billings Dam by fishermen from the Riacho Grande District (São Bernardo do Campo city/SP) is presented. The lambari fish had great relevance in this study because it is consumed as a snack, in which the subject feeds on the whole organism of the fish, having a greater risk of direct contact with toxic elements through ingestion. Elements were determined by Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis (INAA). This study is important in establishing an updated spatiotemporal vision of the contamination by various elements of interest in the region and contributes to the food safety assurance, regarding inorganic contaminants referred by the The Brazilian Health Regulatory Agency (ANVISA).

Palavras-Chave: fishes; food; ingestion; neutron activation analysis; radionuclide kinetics; surface waters; toxicity; brazil

REIS, DANIELE P. dos; MOREIRA, EDSON G. Determination of toxic elements in fish of the genus Astyanax consumed by artisanal fishermen of the district of Riacho Grande, São Bernardo do Campo city, Brazil. In: INTERNATIONAL NUCLEAR ATLANTIC CONFERENCE, October 21-25, 2019, Santos, SP. Proceedings... Rio de Janeiro: Associação Brasileira de Energia Nuclear, 2019. p. 1989-1999. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/30596. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: Gaining prominence in clinical practice, the 68Ga, positron emitter radionuclide easily obtained by 68Ge/68Ga generator elution, has shown potential and excellent quality on radiolabeling of peptide for use in positron emission tomography (PET), in particular urea-based inhibitor peptides, directed to the prostate-specific membrane receptor (PSMA). Previous studies with the PSMA linked to the chelator HBED-CC (PSMA-11) radiolabeled with 68Ga showed high contrast PET/CT images to evaluate recurrence and metastasis of prostate cancer, becoming an important imaging agent in the clinical routine. This work intended to evaluate the influence of the quality of the 68Ge/68Ga generator eluate in direct labeling of PSMA-11 with 68Ga, assisting in the development of kit for prompt radiolabeling. It was evaluated the 68GaCl3 eluate from 68Ge/68Ga non-GMP generator (manufacturer A) and 68Ge/68Ga GMP generator (manufacturer B), both commercially available. To evaluate the influence of the 68Ga eluate on radiochemical yield of the preparations, the radiochemical purity was determined by thin layer chromatography and HPLC. The radiolabeling with non-GMP generator eluate was determined with and without preliminary purification of the 68 gallium chloride eluate, employing cationic purification columns. The results showed higher radiochemical yield with the 68GaCl3 eluate from the 68Ge/68Ga GMP generator, obtaining the radiolabeled product more easily and speed to clinical practice, without preliminary purification, as opposed to the use of non-GMP 68Ge/68Ga generator which required preliminary purification of the 68GaCl3 eluate to promote satisfactory radiochemical purity results.

Palavras-Chave: gallium 68; germanium 68; labelling; membrane proteins; neoplasms; positron computed tomography; prostate

VIVALDINI, BIANCA F.; ARAUJO, ELAINE B. de. The influence of generator eluate in radiolabeling PSMA 11 kit with (68)Ga. In: INTERNATIONAL NUCLEAR ATLANTIC CONFERENCE, October 21-25, 2019, Santos, SP. Proceedings... Rio de Janeiro: Associação Brasileira de Energia Nuclear, 2019. p. 1968-1974. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/30594. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: Cancer is a group of diseases characterized by uncontrolled growth and abnormal spread of cells. The number of deaths due to cancer is higher than the ones caused by AIDS, tuberculosis and malaria combined. Among the different options of cancer treatment radiotherapy (teletherapy and brachytherapy) sta nds out. The presence of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) may enhance energy deposition for teletherapy treatment. The use of nanoparticles for brachytherapy have been studied, and AuNPs is a good option once they can easily permeate tumor vasculature and remain in tumors. However, the tumor uptake of AuNPs may be significantly reduced due the attenuation with the formation of the protein coronas. The objective of this work is present the functionalization of AuNPs with arabic gum (GA). GA is a biocompatible, non toxic, water soluble, natural gum obtained from Acacia senegal tree. In this study, a synthesis of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), based on Turkevich method, using citrate (NaCit) solution as reducing agent and a HAuCl4 solution, under vigorously stirring and boiling temperature, going from a light yellow to a wine red in three minutes. The functionalization of the nanoparticles was performed with Arabic gum solutions, in three different concentrations , which were a dded under stirring to the AuNPs already obtai ned. Samples were characterized to measure the size of the samples. Lower concentrations o GA in the solution presented smaller coated particles (up to 45 nm).

Palavras-Chave: brachytherapy; gold; gums; nanoparticles; neoplasms; radiotherapy; therapy

ROSERO, WILMMER A.A.; NOGUEIRA, BEATRIZ R.; SOUZA, CARLA D. de; GONZALEZ, ANDREZA A.D.C.C.; BARBEZAN, ANGELICA B.; ZEITUNI, CARLOS A.; ROSTELATO, MARIA E.C.M. Gold nanoparticles stabilized with gum arabic for cancer treatment. In: INTERNATIONAL NUCLEAR ATLANTIC CONFERENCE, October 21-25, 2019, Santos, SP. Proceedings... Rio de Janeiro: Associação Brasileira de Energia Nuclear, 2019. p. 1946-1952. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/30592. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: Silver nanoparticles (NPAg) have a bactericidal and bacteriostatic action in combination with hydrogels to recover the damaged tissue, promoting healing of the wound. The objective of this study was to evaluate the toxicity of the hydrogel dressing with NPAg from the analysis of possible toxic effects on renal and hepatic functions. It is an experimental study with 85 male Wistar rats, young adults. Nanoprate hydrogel and bidrogel dressings were used at concentrations of 22 and 44 ppm, both crosslinked and sterilized by irradiation with gamma rays at the 25 kGy dose at the center of radiation technology (CTR). The animals were distributed according to the treatment received after surgical induction of the wound on the animal's back. They were euthanized with 24 hours, 3, 7, 14, 21 and 30 days and after collecting the blood to determine the biochemical parameters. The project was approved by CEUA FAPAC ITPAC PORTO. Data were analyzed using the Past, Shapiro-Wilk and Kruskal-Wallis programs. For distribution and comparison data ANOVA and Tukey test with a significance level of 95%. No changes were observed in relation to biochemical parameters (TGP, TGO, urea and creatinine), and there were no statistically significant differences between the three groups of animals, independent of time. It was possible to observe that the animals treated with 44 ppm had always lower mean values than the other two groups in all analyzes. The study showed that the dressings of NPAg tested may not induce toxicity, being necessary to complement with other tests, such as histopathological study and atomic absorption spectroscopy.

Palavras-Chave: absorption spectroscopy; gamma radiation; healing; hydrogels; mice; nanoparticles; silver; sterilization; toxicity; wounds

SOUSA, GRAZIELLY M. de; GEMELLI, KARINE K.; MARTINS, OZENILDE A.R.; OLIVEIRA, MARIA J.A. de; ALCANTARA, MARA T.S.; LUGAO, ADEMAR B.; ROGERO, JOSE R. Toxicity study using rat (WISTAR) model of a hydrogel dressing with silver nanoparticles crosslinked and sterilized by gamma radiation. In: INTERNATIONAL NUCLEAR ATLANTIC CONFERENCE, October 21-25, 2019, Santos, SP. Proceedings... Rio de Janeiro: Associação Brasileira de Energia Nuclear, 2019. p. 1871-1878. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/30590. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: The assessment of the extent of reversible or irreversible mitochondrial damage after myocardial ischemia is performed by obtaining myocardial perfusion SPECT-CT images of Technetium-99m Sestamibi radiopharmaceutical (99mTc-2-methoxy-isobutyl-isonitrile; 99mTc-sestamibi; 99mTc-MIBI). For quality control purposes, the monograph of the United States Pharmacopoeia (USP) was followed. The determination of the radiochemical purity of 99mTc-sestamibi involves the use of two chromatographic methods: thin layer chromatography in reverse phase and high performance liquid chromatography. This work aims to determine the radiochemical purity of 99mTc-sestamibi by the HPLC method described in USP. The analyses were performed on a Shimadzu liquid chromatography, LC-20AT model, consisting of two pumps, degasser, automatic sample injector, UV-visible detector and Bioscan radioactivity detector. The column used was μBondapack C18 (3.9 x 300 mm, 10 μm, Waters) and the mobile phase was a mixture of acetonitrile, 0.05 mol L-1 ammonium sulfate and methanol (20:35:45). 5 μL of sample (approximately 250 μCi) was injected with a 2 mL min-1 mobile phase flow. According to the USP monograph, the retention time for 99mTc-sestamibi is 5-10 minutes and for the 99mTc-pentamibidimethylvinylisonitrile impurity is 6-13 minutes. Not less than 90% of the total radioactivity must be present as 99mTc-sestamibi and not more than 5% as 99mTc-pentamibidimethylvinylisonitrile. For 12 analyzed batches of MIBI-TEC® produced at IPEN/CNEN-SP, the product presented a retention time of 7 minutes and the 99mTc-pentamibidimethylvinylisonitrile impurity formation was not observed.

Palavras-Chave: high-performance liquid chromatography; quality control; radiochemical analysis; single photon emission computed tomography; technetium 99

MARTINS, PATRICIA de A.; FUKUMORI, NEUZA T.O.; SILVA, NATANAEL G. da; MATSUDA, MARGARETH M.N. Radiochemical purity determination of technetium (99m)Tc-sestamibi by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). In: INTERNATIONAL NUCLEAR ATLANTIC CONFERENCE, October 21-25, 2019, Santos, SP. Proceedings... Rio de Janeiro: Associação Brasileira de Energia Nuclear, 2019. p. 1855-1859. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/30588. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: The search for aesthetical rehabilitive treatment such as porcelain veneers is increasing over the past years. After CEP-FOUSP approval, the present study investigated the debonding of 20 ceramic fragments of lithium disilicate(5x5x1 mm) from human dental enamel bond with Variolink ® N. The samples were splitted in two groups: control (without gamma irradiation) and treatment (gamma irradiation: GL). EDS and FTIR was performed on enamel in both groups, before and after treatment. After cementation of the ceramic fragments the control group was only irradiated with Er, Cr: YSGG laser (λ = 2.78 nm) to remove the fragments, whereas the GL was gamma irradiated with 0.07 kGy followed by laser irradiation Er, Cr: YSGG for removal of laminates.The laser parameters were previously determined as follows: 3.5 W. The gamma and laser (GL) group was exposed to gamma radiation and the erbium laser was applied in both groups to remove lithium disilicate laminates from human dental enamel. Thus, the load required to remove the laminates after simulation of the radiotherapy treatment in the human dental enamel was analyzed by mechanical assay. In this assay, the GL group presented higher loads for the removal of the laminates compared to the control group. This indicates that the gamma radiation induces a water radiolysis by modifying the hybrid layer of the adhesive cement and increases the bond between the enamel and the resin cement, which hinders the laser debonding of the laminates.

Palavras-Chave: ceramics; enamels; gamma radiation; irradiation; laser radiation; lasers; lithium; radiolysis; teeth; therapy; x-ray spectroscopy

ZANINI, NATHALIA; RABELO, THAIS F.; ZAMATARO, CLAUDIA B.; JUVINO, AMANDA C.; KUCHAR, NIELSEN G.; CASTRO, PEDRO A.A. de; ANA, PATRICIA A. da; ZEZELL, DENISE M. Effect of Er,Cr:YSSG laser on dental Veneers removal submitted to gamma radiation. In: INTERNATIONAL NUCLEAR ATLANTIC CONFERENCE, October 21-25, 2019, Santos, SP. Proceedings... Rio de Janeiro: Associação Brasileira de Energia Nuclear, 2019. p. 1819-1830. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/30586. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: BACKGROUND: Radiatiotherapy is often associated with a wide range of significant side effects. These side effects are commonly classified as acute or delayed according to when they manifest in relation to treatment. METHODS: This study aimed to evaluate acute toxicity in patients with prostate cancer treated with conformational radiotherapy (3D) in an Oncology Unit in Eastern Minas Gerais. A prospective, observational, cohort study was performed through a non-probabilistic sampling of convenience, totalazing 45 patients. Patients included in the study were followed from the start of treatment to 3 months after external beam radiation therapy (EBRT). RESULTS: Demographic Characteristics - Of the 45 patients included, mean age was 70.6 ± 8.3 (SD) years, and predominantly white (44.0 %). The majority were married (75.6 %). Considering the risk classification, there was a homogeneous distribution between the low (33.3 %), intermediate (31.1 %) and high (35.6 %) levels. The majority of the patients (57.8 %) had a low risk (T1) classification, followed by intermediate risk classification (33.3%) and high risk (8.9 %). In the Gleason score, 44.4 % presented values below 6 (low), 40.0 % intermediate, and 15.5 % high. 62.2 % had a PSA level less than 10 ng.mL-1, 22.2 % had an intermediate level, from 10 to 20 ng.mL-1 and 15.6%, above 20 ng.mL-1. Manifestation of acute toxicity - It was observed that the majority (59.1 %) of the acute effects manifested during the first consultation, prevailing the symptom of urinary frequency (64.1 %). Regarding the symptoms of acute effects most prevalent during the three consultations, we highlight the urinary frequency with 44.0 %, followed by the urinary residue (20.0 %). CONCLUSION: 80.0 % of the patients presented acute effects during radiotherapy, being the urinary frequency the event more frequent (44.0 %), followed by urinary residue (20.0 %). Eighteen patients (40.0 %) presented only one acute effect and 59.1 % of the effects were observed at the first visit.

Palavras-Chave: external beam radiation therapy; neoplasms; patients; prostate; radiotherapy; side effects; toxicity; urinary tract

CARLECH, HIGOR S.; LISBOA, ANA C.V.C.; VITAL, MARCILIO L.; ZEITUNI, CARLOS A.; ROSTELATO, MARIA E.C.M. Evaluation of acute toxicity in the treatment of prostate cancer with conformational radiotherapy: choort with 45 patients. In: INTERNATIONAL NUCLEAR ATLANTIC CONFERENCE, October 21-25, 2019, Santos, SP. Proceedings... Rio de Janeiro: Associação Brasileira de Energia Nuclear, 2019. p. 1797-1809. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/30584. Acesso em: $DATA.

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