Abstract: Environmental swipe sampling for safeguards purposes has been used by International Atomic Energy Agency since 1996 and is a powerful tool to detect undeclared materials and activities in States under safeguards agreements. The Secondary Electron Microscope with Energy-Dispersive X-Ray analyzing system (SEM-EDX) can be particularly useful in the initial identification of uranium in swipe samples and might be appropriate to identify and characterize uranium particles This work describes the use of SEM-EDX, as an initial screening technique, in real-life swipe samples for identifying and characterizing uranium particles. The swipe samples were collected in a conversion plant at the Nuclear and Energy Research Institute – IPEN/CNEN, São Paulo, Brazil

SARKIS, J.E.S.; PESTANA, R.C.B.; MARIN, R.C.; CARVALHO, E.F.U. The use of SEM-EDX for the identification of uranium compounds in swipe samples for nuclear safeguards. In: 60 YEARS OF IEA-R1: INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON UTILIZATION OF RESEARCH REACTORS, November 28 - December 01, 2017, São Paulo, SP. Abstract... São Paulo, SP: Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, 2017. p. 73-73. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/28774. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: This work describes the utilization of LA-HR-ICP-MS (laser ablation high resolution inductively mass spectrometry) for characterize the uranium isotope ratio of a UO2 pellet supplied and certified by New Brunswick Laboratory (NBL). This method is useful measurements of 233U, 234U, 235U, 236U and 238U, reaching relative standard deviations (RSD) from 1.55% to 2.45%. The Laser ablation ICP-MS technique shows a high level of instability, compromising the precision of the measurements, although could be made some adjustments to improve its stability. To reach the better stability were made the adjustments of laser ablation and ICP-MS parameters, such as RF power, laser beam diameter, defocusing of laser beam, auxiliary gas and sample gas. The parameters which caused the greatest impact in order to improve the stability signal were RF power, defocusing and laser beam diameter. To carry out the adjustments of the parameters was used a glass standard NIST 610, supplied and certified by National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). The measurements were carried out on a single spot ablation with low energy density and defocusing, which demonstrated to be the improved way to reach good signal stability. The results presented by the measurements revealed that the Laser ablation ICP-MS technique offers a rapid and accurate way to perform uranium isotope ratios without any sample preparation, since it allows carrying out the measurements straight on the sample, besides to preserve the sample that is very important to safeguards and nuclear forensics.

SARKIS, J.E.S.; MARIN, R.C. Uranium isotope ratio measurements by LA-HR-ICP-MS. In: 60 YEARS OF IEA-R1: INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON UTILIZATION OF RESEARCH REACTORS, November 28 - December 01, 2017, São Paulo, SP. Abstract... São Paulo, SP: Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, 2017. p. 71-72. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/28772. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: Thorianite is a strongly radioactive thorium’s mineral (ThO2) which often contains uranium, lead and rare earth elements. It is a very heavy, hard, and colored dark gray to brownish black or bluish black. In the environment can be found in pegmatite, beach sands, and alluvial deposits. Despite to be considered a rare mineral it can be found in several parts of the world. The main occurrence areas in Brazil are alluvial deposits located in the Municipalities of Porto Grande, Serra do Navio and Pedra Branca in the Amapa State (Amazon Rainforest). Besides thorium, the mineral has high contents of uranium, lead and rare earths which represents an important commercial and strategic value. During the last decades several tons of this mineral have been apprehended by Brazilian Federal Police. This situation is extremely serious considering that these numbers just represent a very small part of the total of the smuggled amount. The main questions are : Who? To whom? and With which objective? This paper will present the more recent data and a nuclear forensic perspective of the nowadays situation.

SARKIS, J.E.S.; NASCIMENTO, M.R.L.; QUINELATO, A.L.; SILVA, N.C. Apprehension of thorianite in Brazil: a nuclear forensic perspective. In: 60 YEARS OF IEA-R1: INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON UTILIZATION OF RESEARCH REACTORS, November 28 - December 01, 2017, São Paulo, SP. Abstract... São Paulo, SP: Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, 2017. p. 70-70. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/28770. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: The use of environmental monitoring as a technique to identify activities related to the nuclear fuel cycle has been proposed, by international organizations, as an additional measure to the safeguards agreements in force. The elements specific for each kind of nuclear activity, or "nuclear signatures", inserted in the ecosystem by several transfer paths, can be intercepted with better or worse ability by different live organisms. Depending on the kind of signature of interest, the anthropogenic material identification and quantification require the choice of adequate biologic indicators and, mainly, the use of sophisticated techniques associated with elaborate sample treatments. This work demonstrates the technical viability of using pine needles as bioindicators of nuclear signatures associated with uranium enrichment activities. Additionally, it proposes the use of a technique widely diffused nowadays in the scientific community, the High Resolution Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometer (HR-ICP-MS), to identify the signature corresponding to that kind of activities in the ecosystem. It can be also found a description of a methodology recently being applied in analytical chemistry, based on uncertainties estimates metrological concepts, used to calculate the uncertainties associated with the obtained measurement results. Nitric acid solutions with a concentration of 0.3 mol kg􀀀1, used to wash pine needles sampled near facilities that manipulate enriched uranium and containing only 0.1 g kg􀀀1 of uranium, exhibit a 235U:238U isotopic abundance ratio of 0.0092 ? 0.0002, while solutions originated from samples collected at places located more than 200 km far from activities related to the nuclear fuel cycle exhibit a value of 0.0074 ? 0.0002 for this abundance ratio. Similar results were obtained for sample solutions prepared by microwave assisted acid digestion and dry ashing process. The different values of 235U:238U isotopic abundance ratio obtained for samples collected in different places permit to confirm the presence of anthropogenic uranium and demonstrate the viability of using this technique and the methodology proposed in this work.

SARKIS, J.E.S.; BUCHMAN, J.H. The use of environmental monitoring as a technique to identify isotopic enrichment activities. In: 60 YEARS OF IEA-R1: INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON UTILIZATION OF RESEARCH REACTORS, November 28 - December 01, 2017, São Paulo, SP. Abstract... São Paulo, SP: Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, 2017. p. 69-69. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/28768. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: The Brazilian Network of Laboratories on Nuclear Forensic Science (BNLNFS) was created in 2007 with support of IAEA’s the Department of Nuclear Security. The main roles of the laboratory are: the development of procedures for characterization of the radioactive or nuclear material in order to determine its production site, production date, intended use, and the route from production site to the crime scene, training and education in nuclear forensics. The network uses a variety of techniques to characterize materials, including nuclear counting, analytical chemistry, radiation measurements, and various radiography techniques. Thus, based on the scientific expertise of IPEN’s nuclear scientists and existing infrastructure The network gathers six laboratories located at Nuclear and Energy Research Institute, São Paulo, IPEN’s Department of Radiological Protection, and has the support of CNEN’s Poços de Caldas Laboratory, Rio de Janeiro, and São Paulo State Police, São Paulo and Federal Police, Brasília. During the exercises, the associated laboratories have to follow all procedures recommended by IAEA to conduct a nuclear forensic investigation. During the last decade the BNLNF has participated in several international nuclear forensics exercises.

SARKIS, J.E.S. Brazilian network of laboratories on nuclear forensic science (BNLNFS). In: 60 YEARS OF IEA-R1: INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON UTILIZATION OF RESEARCH REACTORS, November 28 - December 01, 2017, São Paulo, SP. Abstract... São Paulo, SP: Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, 2017. p. 67-68. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/28766. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: The routine operation of a nuclear or radioactive installation generally involves the release of radioactive liquid and/or gaseous effluents. At the Nuclear and Energy Research Institute – IPEN there are several nuclear and radioactive facilities, developing activities in the field of nuclear energy. IPEN’s Radioprotection Management has established a radioactive effluent sampling program to determine the amount of radioactive material (source term) released into the environment and to detect immediately any unplanned release above the pre-established operating limits. The IPEN Environmental Radiological Monitoring Program – ERMP evaluates the levels of radioactivity to which individuals of the public are exposed through the analysis of atmospheric samples; the main objective of an ERMP is the confirmatory radiological control, which estimates whether the assumptions made in the calculation of the dose, from the source term, are correct. The objective of the present work is to present the gaseous radioactive effluents control and the radioactivity assessment in the atmospheric air at IPEN’s campus, since there were implanted in 1988 at the Laboratory of Environmental Radiometry of IPEN. In both, gaseous radioactive effluents control and radioactivity assessment in the atmospheric, cellulose and charcoal cartridge filters are analyzed by gamma spectrometry – HPGe weekly, from the IPEN’s radioactive facilities, Accelerators and Cyclotron Center, IEA-R1 Research Reactor Center, Radiopharmacy Center - Building I and II and each 15 days collected from three air samplers located near the nuclear and radiation facilities of IPEN, respectively. The radionuclides determined in the majority of the samples throughout the sampling period were 131I, 18F and 67Ga.

RODRIGUES, C.E.C.; NOGUEIRA, P.R.; DAMATTO, S.R.; MADUAR, M.F.; ALENCAR, M.M.; PECEQUILO, B.R.S. An overview of the gaseous radioactive effluents control and radioactivity assessment in the atmospheric air at IPEN’S campus. In: 60 YEARS OF IEA-R1: INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON UTILIZATION OF RESEARCH REACTORS, November 28 - December 01, 2017, São Paulo, SP. Abstract... São Paulo, SP: Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, 2017. p. 66-66. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/28764. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: An instrumented dummy fuel element (DMPV-01) with the same geometric characteristics of a MTR fuel element was designed and constructed for flow distribution measurement experiments at the IEA-R1 reactor core. This dummy element was also used to measure the flow distribution among the rectangular flow channels formed by element fuel plates. Two probes with two pressure taps were constructed and assembled inside the flow channels to measure pressure drop and the flow velocity was calculated using pressure drop equation for closed channels. This work presents the experimental procedure and results of flow distribution measurement among the flow channels. Results show that the flow rate in the peripheral channels is 10 to 15% lower than the average flow rate. It is important to know the flow rate in peripheral channels because of uncertainties in values of flow rate in the open channel formed by two adjacent fuel elements. These flow rates are responsible by the cooling of external fuel plates.

Palavras-Chave: cooling; experimental data; flow rate; fluid flow; fuel channels; fuel elements; fuel plates; mtr reactor; pressure drop; pressure measurement; spatial distribution; velocity

TORRES, W.M.; UMBEHAUN, P.E.; ANDRADE, D.A.; SOUZA, J.A.B. A MTR fuel element flow distribution measurement preliminary results. In: 60 YEARS OF IEA-R1: INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON UTILIZATION OF RESEARCH REACTORS, November 28 - December 01, 2017, São Paulo, SP. Abstract... São Paulo, SP: Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, 2017. p. 62-63. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/28762. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: The acceptance of nuclear energy and the risk perceived by the public are affected by past accidents with large media repercussion, like Chernobyl (Ukraine, 1986) and Fukushima (Japan, 2011), the first one because of its magnitude and the latter for still being fresh on people’s minds (Visschers & Walquist, 2013; Pineda-Solano et al., 2013). Changing this perception based on shocking accidents can be difficult, but informing the public about nuclear energy and the risks imposed by it to them and to the environment helps reducing the population’s concerns (Koerner, 2014; Visschers & Walquist, 2013; Pineda-Solano et al., 2013). A strategy to cope with public risk perception and achieve a good level of information and preparedness for emergency is risk communication. This paper presents the result of a research with the workers of Education, Science and Technology of Angra dos Reis (SECT), Brazil, that attended a course given by State Civil Defense with the support of SECT and ELETRONUCLEAR. The course aims to diffuse the knowledge about nuclear energy generation and the External Emergency Plan of State of Rio de Janeiro for a nuclear emergency in the Nuclear Power Plant Almirante Ãlvaro Alberto.

CUNHA, R.D.S.; ANDRADE, D.A. The dissemination of information about nuclear energy and the external emergency plan of the State of Rio de Janeiro, in Angra dos Reis, Brazil. In: 60 YEARS OF IEA-R1: INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON UTILIZATION OF RESEARCH REACTORS, November 28 - December 01, 2017, São Paulo, SP. Abstract... São Paulo, SP: Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, 2017. p. 61-61. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/28760. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: Environmental sampling is one of the most important measures to strengthen the nuclear safeguard system. The collection of environmental samples, in context of the safeguard, aims to reveal information on treated materials and declared or even undeclared activities, as well. Usually two steps are involved, the first to establish the environmental fingerprint of the installation under observation, the second is to obtain compared these values with the environmental signatures. This strategy can also be used in nuclear forensic investigations. Samplings can be performed inside, outside or even near the facility under investigation, on surfaces, air, water, sediments, vegetation, soil and the local biota. In soil the earthworm is part of the biota, assimilating the metallic components during feeding or by skin absorption. The Eisenia fetida earthworm belongs to the Annelida Phylum, Oligochaete Class, the species known as California redworm, in Brazil, is widely used for the production of humus, since it has great ability to convert little decomposed organic residues into stabilized material. In the literature it has been already reported the ability of E. fetida to bioacumulate several metals including uranium and other radionuclides. In this project we are studying the ability of E. fetida to identify nuclear signatures and its ability to be used as biomonitor in nuclear safeguards and nuclear forensic investigations.

ZAMPIERI, M.C.T.; SARKIS, J.E.S. The use of Eisenia fetida as bioindicator of nuclear activities. In: 60 YEARS OF IEA-R1: INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON UTILIZATION OF RESEARCH REACTORS, November 28 - December 01, 2017, São Paulo, SP. Abstract... São Paulo, SP: Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, 2017. p. 60-60. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/28758. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: The Loss of Coolant Accident (LOCA) has been considered Design Basis Accident (DBA) for several kind of reactors. The test section for experimental (STAR) for simulation of LOCA, using the Instrumented Fuel Assembly (IFA) EC-208 was designed, assembled, commissioned, and used for the experiments at the IEA-R1 Reactor. The experiments were performed for five different levels of fuel uncovering and two heat decay conditions. The five levels consisted of one total and four partial uncovering of the IFA. The results obtained for each experiment were the section level and 13 IFA temperatures. A data acquisition system was used to record the process parameters. The STAR section has proved to be a very safe and efficient tool for fuel uncovering experiments to obtain thermal-hydraulic data for research and development, and for the data to be compared with safety analysis code calculations.

MAPRELIAN, E.; TORRES, W.M.; BELCHIOR JUNIOR, A.; UMBEHAUN, P.E.; SANTOS, S.C.; FRANÇA, R.L.; PRADO, A.C.; MACEDO, L.A.; SILVA, A.T. E; BERRETTA, J.R.; SABUNDJIAN, G. Experiments of loss of coolant in the IEA-R1 reactor. In: 60 YEARS OF IEA-R1: INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON UTILIZATION OF RESEARCH REACTORS, November 28 - December 01, 2017, São Paulo, SP. Abstract... São Paulo, SP: Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, 2017. p. 58-58. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/28756. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: This work presents results on the commissioning of the new heat exchanger of the IEA-R1 nuclear reactor in the occasion of its operational power upgrade from 2 MW to 5 MW, in comparison to the values calculated in the project of IESA Design and Equipments Company. This reactor is a swimming pool type, light water moderated and with graphite reflectors, used for research purposes and medical radioisotopes production. During monitoring procedures, issues were observed on the reactor operation at 5 MW mainly due to the ageing of the reactor’s oldest heat exchanger (TC-A) and excessive vibrations at high flow rates on the other installed heat exchanger (TC-B). So it was decided to provide a new IESA heat exchanger with 5 MW capacity to definitely substitute the TC-A heat exchanger. The results show that the IEA-R1 nuclear reactor can be operated safely and continuously at 5 MW with the new IESA heat exchanger.

CASTRO, A.J.A. de; UMBEHAUN, P.E.; CARVALHO, M.R. Comissioning of the IEA-R1 nuclear reactor new heat exchanger. In: 60 YEARS OF IEA-R1: INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON UTILIZATION OF RESEARCH REACTORS, November 28 - December 01, 2017, São Paulo, SP. Abstract... São Paulo, SP: Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, 2017. p. 57-57. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/28754. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: This work aims to present the 64Cu standardization method developed in the Nuclear Metrology Laboratory (LMN) at the IPEN-CNEN/SP, using a 4 􀀀 coincidence system, and the measurement of the gamma-ray emission probabilities per decay of 1345.7 keV of 64Cu by means of a REGe gamma-ray spectrometer. The 4 􀀀 coincidence system consists of a gas- flow proportional counter with 4 geometry and using 90% Ar + 10% CH4 gas at 0.1 MPa, as the detector, coupled to two NaI(Tl) crystal for the gamma-ray emission detection. The events were registered by means of a Time to Amplitude Converter (TAC) associated with a Multi-Channel Analyzer. Two gamma-ray windows were set for the coincidence measurements, one including the positron-annihilation quanta and the other located at the total absorption energy peak of the 1345.7 keV gamma-ray transition. The 64Cu was obtained by irradiating 0.3mg of metallic cooper in the IEA-R1 research reactor under a 1 1013 cm􀀀2 s􀀀1 thermal neutrons flux. To obtain the 64Cu solution the foil irradiated was dissolved in 20 L of HNO3 65% and after that was diluted in 20 mL of 0.1M HCl. The activity was determined by means of the extrapolation curve from eight irradiations, normalized by means of the germanium measurements. The Kawada factor to correct the inefficiency for beta plus and beta minus in the N4 has been applied. The gamma-ray full efficiency peak curve of the germanium spectrometer was measured at 17.9 cm of source-detector distance, in the energy range from 244 keV to 2754 keV, by measuring flamed-sealed ampoules of 24Na, 60Co, 133Ba, 137Cs, and 152Eu standardized at the LMN. The sample for measurement in the spectrometer was prepared in flame-sealed ampoule with 1 mL of the diluted solution. The gamma-ray emission probability per decay of the 1345.7 keV transition of 64 Cu was (0.472 0.010)%, in agreement with the literature.

Palavras-Chave: coincidence methods; copper 64; emission; gamma radiation; gamma spectrometers; multi-channel analyzers; standardization; tantalum carbides

KOSKINAS, M.F.; YAMAZAKI, I.M.; MOREIRA, D.S.; TAKEDA, M.N.; DIAS, M.S. Disintegration rate and gamma-ray emission probability per decay measurement of Cu-64. In: 60 YEARS OF IEA-R1: INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON UTILIZATION OF RESEARCH REACTORS, November 28 - December 01, 2017, São Paulo, SP. Abstract... São Paulo, SP: Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, 2017. p. 55-55. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/28752. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: In archaeological studies several analytical techniques are used to study the chemical and mineralogical composition of many materials of archaeological origin, generating a large data set. Thus, the multivariate statistical methods become indispensable for the interpretation of the results. These multivariate techniques, unsupervised and supervised, are accompanied by modern computational programs, which provide visualization and interpretation. Several methods have been used, such as cluster analysis, discriminant analysis, principal component analysis, among others. However, the most used is cluster analysis. The purpose of cluster analysis is to group the samples based on similarity or dissimilarity. The groups are determined in order to obtain homogeneity within the groups and heterogeneity between them. The literature presents many methods for partitioning of data set, and is difficult choose which is the most suitable, since the various combinations of methods based on different measures of dissimilarity can lead to different patterns of grouping and false interpretations. Nevertheless, little effort has been expended in evaluating these methods empirically using an archaeological data set. In this way, the objective of this work is make a comparative study of the different cluster analysis methods and to identify which is the most appropriate. For this, the study was carried out using a data set of the Archaeometric Studies Group from IPEN-CNEN/SP, in which 45 samples of ceramic fragments from three archaeological sites were analyzed by instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) which were determinated the mass fraction of 13 elements (As, Ce, Cr, Eu, Fe, Hf, La, Na, Nd, Sc, Sm, Th, U). The methods used for this study were: single linkage, complete linkage, average linkage, centroid and Ward. The comparison was done using the cophenetic correlation coefficient and according these values the average linkage method obtained better results. A script of the statistical program R was created to obtain the cophenetic correlation coefficient. The purpose of this script is to facilitate the statistical study of researchers who do not have much familiarity with statistical programs.Therefore, the researcher can easily check which method is most appropriate for your data set.

CARVALHO, P.R.; MUNITA, C.S.; LAPOLLI, A.L. Comparative study of hierarchical clustering. In: 60 YEARS OF IEA-R1: INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON UTILIZATION OF RESEARCH REACTORS, November 28 - December 01, 2017, São Paulo, SP. Abstract... São Paulo, SP: Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, 2017. p. 52-52. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/28750. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis, INAA, has been successfully used on a regularly basis in several areas of nutrition and foodstuffs. INAA has become an important and useful research tool due to the methodology’s advantages. These include high accuracy, small quantities of samples and no chemical treatment. This technique allows the determination of important elements directly related to human health. In this paper some studies in the area of nutrition which had been carried out at the Neutron Activation Laboratory of IPEN/CNEN-SP are presented: Brazilian Total Diet Studies, trace elements in maternal milk, baby foods, edible mushrooms and wine samples. Total Diet Study (TDS) is considered as the most adequate study to assess the dietary intakes of nutrients of a population. TDS is based in assessment of groups of food, represented by a Food List, which reflects the food consumption of the population. Three Brazilian TDS have been carried out: 2 TDS of the São Paulo city and one of the Poãos de Caldas city, region that is considered as a high background radioactive area, HBA.Deficiency of minor and trace elements can lead to various disorders in the early stages of child development. The essential element level in thirty human colostrum samples from mothers of pre-term and term newborns were studied by INAA.Eating habits are important determinants of health conditions during childhood. Commercial infant food is an important part of the diet for many babies. Inadequate complementary feeding is a major cause of high rates of malnutrition throughout the world. Essential elements: Ca, Cl, Co, Cr, Fe K, Mg, Mn, Na, Se and Zn were also determined in 27 commercial infant food samples by INAA. Mushrooms and algae are excellent nutritional sources since they provide proteins, fibers and mineral. They have also been the focus of medical research. In Brazil these kind of foods are not consumed in large quantities by the general population since people know little about their nutritional and medicinal benefits. Hence, the study of mushrooms and algae intends to contribute to a better understanding of their essential element contents, which are currently commercialized in São Paulo state. Trace elements are good indicators of the origin of wines. Three procedures of wine sample preparation (freeze-drying, evaporation and dry-ashing) to determine essential elements by INAA.

MAIHARA, V.A.; AVEGLIANO, R.P.; ROSA, M.M.L.; AMBROGI, J.B.; VALLINOTO, P.; SANTOS, P.S.; MOURA, P.L.C.; DANIELE, A.P. Neutron activation analysis applied to nutritional and foodstuff studies at IPEN-CNEN/SP. In: 60 YEARS OF IEA-R1: INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON UTILIZATION OF RESEARCH REACTORS, November 28 - December 01, 2017, São Paulo, SP. Abstract... São Paulo, SP: Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, 2017. p. 50-50. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/28748. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: Macrophytes species play a relevant role in aquatic environments once they incorporate elements that can be a suitable tool for accumulation studies, mainly when it comes to an important and strategic water supply. The main goal of this study was to establish concentration levels of As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Se and Zn in four species of floating aquatic macrophytes samples at three sampling sites along the Guarapiranga Reservoir. For this purpose, five analytical techniques were tested such as Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP OES), Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP MS), Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (GF AAS), Thermal Decomposition, Amalgamation, and Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry and the multielemental characterization of this matrix was undertaken using Neutron Activation Analysis technique (NAA). The results obtained were compared to reference values for aquatic plants and most of the elements exceeded these values, especially at sampling site 01, which is located near the Embu-Guaãu River flow, the main tributary of the reservoir. In relation to comparison among sampling sites and macrophytes species, One-way Anova in Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was performed. Output showed significant differences among sampling sites, but not for macrophytes species. Factor Analysis (FA) with Principal Components (PC) extraction method was performed on data using SPSS software. Output suggested possible common source from the As, Co, Cr, Hg, Ni, Pb and Se elements, which composed PC1. PC2 included Cd, Cu and Zn elements and it should be noticed that Cu is frequently used as algicide in the reservoir, as CuSO4. PC3 included only Mn, suggesting distinct behavior of this element. Eventually, this work should be extended to monitoring programs.

COUTINHO, S.N.; FIGUEIREDO, A.M.G.; QUINAGLIA, G.A. Bioaccumulation of potentially toxic elements in floating aquatic macrophytes of Guarapiranga Reservoir, São Paulo. In: 60 YEARS OF IEA-R1: INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON UTILIZATION OF RESEARCH REACTORS, November 28 - December 01, 2017, São Paulo, SP. Abstract... São Paulo, SP: Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, 2017. p. 48-49. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/28746. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: Herons and egrets are considered bioindicators suitable for the assessment of environmental contamination, since they occupy the top of the food chain, and tend to accumulate high concentrations of toxic elements in their tissues. So, in this study the livers of the great egret (Ardea alba) were used as a bioindicators of changes in trace element concentrations between 2006 and 2011 (6 years) in the aquatic environments of the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo (SPMR). The levels of trace elements found in livers of males and females were also compared. The method of Neutron Activation Analysis (NAA) was used in these analyses for the determination of Br, Co, Cs, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Rb, Se and Zn, and Atomic Absorption Spectrometry Method (AAS) for the determination of Cd and Hg in liver samples. In previous studies, elevated concentrations of trace elements such as Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn and Zn were found in livers. In addition to the previous published data, the results for six trace elements (Co, Cs, Fe, Rb, Se and Zn) of five liver samples collected during 2011 were included. The concentrations of Br, Co, Fe, K, Mg, Na and Se found in livers in 2011 remained at similar levels to those obtained in 2006. However, increase in levels of Cd, Cu, Hg, Mn and Zn in 2011 was obtained, probably related to an increase in environmental depositions from anthropogenic sources. Female egrets presented lower levels of Co, Cs, Se and Zn than males. Selenium requires great attention due the differences indicating possible transference to the eggs and Se can be toxic for embryos. Results obtained in this study suggests a continuous monitoring using great egret livers in order to improve the knowledge of temporal trends of contamination in aquatic environments of the SPMR.

SILVA, R.C.A.; SAIKI, M.; MOREIRA, E.G.; MEIRA, P.T.; OLIVEIRA, S. A study on trace element contamination in the metropolitan region of São Paulo (São Paulo, Brazil), using the livers of great egret (Ardea alba) as a biondicator. In: 60 YEARS OF IEA-R1: INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON UTILIZATION OF RESEARCH REACTORS, November 28 - December 01, 2017, São Paulo, SP. Abstract... São Paulo, SP: Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, 2017. p. 46-47. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/28744. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: Mudtherapy is the use of peloide (sludge, saline slime and mud) for therapeutic purposes. Although widely used worldwide its therapeutic mechanisms are not fully understood, especially considering the different origins and compositions of the used materials. Several hypotheses have been raised in the attempt to clarify such mechanisms. Peruãbe Black Mud (PBM) has traditionally been used in the treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee, which is one of the pathologies of high prevalence and great impairment of the functional capacity of the patients, through applications of the peloid in its natural form. This study intends to verify the therapeutic efficacy of mud, after undergoing a process of decontamination and maturation in marine water, in patients with knee osteoarthritis, as well as to make a comparison between the therapeutic effects of the PBM matured and that sterilized by gamma radiation after maturation. Patients aged between 30 and 85 years, divided into two groups of 20 and 21, respectively, were followed up for a period of 15 weeks. The method of observation was the double blind. The evaluation was based on subjective information collected by the WOMAC and SF36 questionnaires as well as X-ray examinations. Simultaneously, analyzes of the chemical, radiological and microbiological composition of the PBM were carried out, aiming at a systematized knowledge of the characteristics of the peloid in relation to possible deleterious effects on human health. X-ray fluorescence, neutron activation analysis, gamma spectrometry, elemental analysis, cooling kinetics studies and reduction potential were used to perform these characterizations. The results obtained allow us to conclude that PBM presents high levels of Si and S and low levels of Ca, Mg and radioactive elements. None of the samples matured or irradiated after maturation showed contamination by total coliforms, thermally tolerant coliforms or staphyloccocus aureus. The results indicate that there was a decrease in WOMAC and SF36 questionnaire scores for patients who completed the treatment.

GOUVEA, P.F.M.; SILVA, P.S.C. Osteoarthritis clinical evaluation in patients treated with peruãbe black mud, chemical and radiological characterization and establishment of good practices protocols for the peloid obtainment and use. In: 60 YEARS OF IEA-R1: INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON UTILIZATION OF RESEARCH REACTORS, November 28 - December 01, 2017, São Paulo, SP. Abstract... São Paulo, SP: Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, 2017. p. 45-45. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/28742. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: Tree barks are considered to be a promising indicator of air pollution monitoring due to its wide distribution, simplicity of tree species identification, sampling without causing damage to the tree and easier sample treatment. Besides, the surface layers of tree barks have been considered as a potential indicator of air pollution since they retain pollutants directly from the air or from the rainwater running down the stems. In addition, bark surface is inert porous material and the absence of metabolic processes makes it almost inert in the presence of inorganic and organic substances. The aim of this study was to analyze tree barks collected in a car parking at the Nuclear and Energy Research Institute, IPEN-CNEN/SP in order to identify the origin of elements present in these samples. Barks from Sibipiruna (Poincianella pluviosa) collected at a height of 1.5m from the topsoil were cleaned using a nylon brush. Then a surface layer of 3 mm was removed using a Ti grater and ground in an agate mortar for the analyses. Instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) was applied for the determination of As, Br, Ca, Co, Cr, Fe, K, La, Na, Rb, Sb, Sc and Zn. Aliquots of the samples weighed in polyethylene involucres and synthetic standards of elements were irradiated at the IEA-R1 nuclear research reactor under a thermal neutron flux of about 4:2 1012n cm􀀀2s􀀀1 for 16h. After adequate decay times, the irradiated samples and standards were measured using a HPGe detector coupled to a Digital Spectrum Analyzer. The radionuclides in the irradiated samples were identified by half-lives and gamma ray energies. For analytical control of the results, certified reference materials (CRMs) INCT-MPH-2 Mixed Polish Herbs and IAEA 336 Lichen were analyzed. The element concentrations were calculated by comparative method. Results obtained in CRMs presented relative standard deviations and relative errors lower than 10.0% for most of elements determined. Findings of this study demonstrated that the INAA can provide reliable data for element concentrations in tree barks. Preliminary results obtained in bark samples can be used for determining elements originated from different emission sources such as vehicular, suspension of the soil and from tree bark itself.

MELO, N.Q.; SAIKI, M.; GENEZINI, F.A. Element concentration determinations in tree barks collected in a car parking. Preliminary results for biomonitoring studies. In: 60 YEARS OF IEA-R1: INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON UTILIZATION OF RESEARCH REACTORS, November 28 - December 01, 2017, São Paulo, SP. Abstract... São Paulo, SP: Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, 2017. p. 43-43. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/28740. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: Sea urchins are marine and benthic invertebrates, many of which sessile or with reduced mobility. The species Lytechinus variegatus (Lamarck, 1816) is geographically widely distributed, from North Carolina, in the United States, to the South of Brazil. The present study analysed a mixture of gonads and gut of sea urchins (20 individuals of each site) from the north coast of São Paulo, Ilhabela, in the São Sebastião Channel (contaminated region) (23.8145 S 45.3782 W) and Praia Preta – São Sebastião (control region) (23.7745 S – 45.7132 W) to verify if this species could be used as biomonitor for the studied region. After collection, the samples were dried in a ventilated oven at 40 C until constant weight. After drying, the samples were crushed and sieved in 60 mesh (0.250 mm) granulometry. The micronutrients concentration (Ca, Fe, K, Na, Se e Zn) and trace elements (As, Ba, Br, Co, Cr, Rb, Sb e Sc) were determined by Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis (INAA). Methodology validation was carried out by means of certified reference materials analyses such as: Oyster Tissue (NIST – 1566b), Mussel Tissue (NIST SRM – 2976), Peach Leaves (NIST SRM – 1547) and were validated by Z-Score, |Z| < 3 in 95% confidence interval (C.I.) For preliminary statistical analysis, a normality test (p > 0.05) and Grubbs test were performed for outlier detection (p < 0.05, C.I. 95%) . The preliminary results showed that the elements Cs, Cr, Sc and presented a higher concentration in the contaminated point and the elements As, Br, Co, Fe and Se, in the control point (C.I. 95%, test-t for independent samples). These are the preliminary results and Multivariate Statistical Analysis will be applied to the results.

Palavras-Chave: neutron activation analysis; elements; environmental exposure; iron; nutrition; radiation monitoring; sea urchins; trace amounts; zinc,aersenic; cesium; calcium; chromium; contamination; brazil

ALVES, M.B.; EMERENCIANO, A.K.; BORDON, I.C.A.C.; SILVA, J.R.M.C.; FAVARO, D.I.T. Biomonitoring evaluation for some toxic and trace elements in sea urchins species Lytechinus variegatus (Lamarck, 1816) in marine environment: São Paulo Northern Coast (Brazil). In: 60 YEARS OF IEA-R1: INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON UTILIZATION OF RESEARCH REACTORS, November 28 - December 01, 2017, São Paulo, SP. Abstract... São Paulo, SP: Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, 2017. p. 41-41. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/28738. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: Bismuth tri-iodide (BiI3) is an attractive material for using as a semiconductor. The behavior of semiconductor devices is strongly influenced by the presence of impurities or contaminants remaining due to incomplete purification of the semiconductor material. BiI3 has emerged as a particularly interesting material in view of its wide band gap (1.7eV), large density (5.7g/cm3), high atomic number elements (Z=68) and high resistivity (>109 cm). The BiI3 crystals have been grown by the vertical Bridgman technique using commercially available powder. In this case, the BiI3 powder was purified three times and, at each purification, the crystal was evaluated by systematic measurements of reduction of impurities, crystalline structure, stoichiometry and surface morphology. The purification efficiency was assessed by analyzing the crystals, through Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis (INAA). INAA is the elemental analysis method usually chosen for these projects because of some features such as: small amount of sample available, minimal sample handling and high sensitivity for many elements. The analyzed crystals came from the impurity reduction process occurred after each purification by the Repeated Vertical Bridgman method. The results showed that INAA was a special analytical technique to identify and quantify the impurities (Ag, As, Br, Cr, K, Mo, Na and Sb) in the BiI3 crystals and to evaluate the reduction of the trace impurities, after each purification step.

ARMELIN, M.J.A.; FERRAZ, C.M.; HAMADA, M. Performance of neutron activation analysis in the evaluation of bismuth iodide purification methodology. In: 60 YEARS OF IEA-R1: INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON UTILIZATION OF RESEARCH REACTORS, November 28 - December 01, 2017, São Paulo, SP. Abstract... São Paulo, SP: Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, 2017. p. 39-39. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/28736. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: Taiaçupeba reservoir, located in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, belongs to Producer System of Alto Tietê (Sistema Produtor Alto Tietê –SPAT) and it is responsible for water supply for about 3.1 million of people. The water quality of a reservoir became very important in the last decades due to the increase of environmental degradation of the soil and its several uses. Trace and major elements can accumulate in high levels in soil and sediment, and the study of its concentration can indicate if the ecosystem is polluted. Therefore, the study of soil profiles and sediment cores are an important tool for the understanding of geophysical and geochemical aspects of aquatic ecosystems. The objective of this work was to present the elements As, Ba, Br, Ca, Ce, Co, Cr, Cs, Eu, Fe, Hf, K, La, Lu, Na, Nd, Rb, Sb, Sc, Ta, Tb, Th, U, Yb and Zn concentrations using Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis (INAA) in four soil profiles and four sediment cores collected in the influence area of Taiaçupeba reservoir. To verify if these elements could be enriched and the ecosystem polluted the Enrichment Factor and the Geoacumulation Index were also used. Soil profiles were collected in trenches up to 2m deep and sampled every 5 cm; in the laboratory the samples were dried at room temperature. The sediment samples were collected with a manual PVC sampler sliced every 2 cm or according to their textural characteristics, and dried in an oven at 50 C; the length of the sediment cores ranged from 42 cm to 61 cm. After drying, soil and sediment samples were sieved in a 2 mm mesh and packed in polyethylene bottles for INAA. The elements Na, As and Sb presented the highest values for both soil and sediment samples, implying in continuous, regular and spatial monitoring of the reservoir. One sediment core presented a very high concentration of the element Zn when compared to the values of the Upper Continental Crust, indicating a possible anthropic contribution from the region’s industries and classifying the reservoir as extremely polluted in relation to this element. In the evaluation of the enrichment factor it was concluded that the soil presented very high enrichment for the elements Na, As and Sb and the sediment presented very severe enrichment for the elements Na, As and Zn.

LEONARDO, L.; SOUZA, J.M.; DAMATTO, S.R.; SURKOV, A.M.; MADUAR, M.F.; SILVA, A.R. Inorganic chemical characterization of the soil and sediment from Taiaçupeba Reservoir, São Paulo. In: 60 YEARS OF IEA-R1: INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON UTILIZATION OF RESEARCH REACTORS, November 28 - December 01, 2017, São Paulo, SP. Abstract... São Paulo, SP: Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, 2017. p. 37-38. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/28734. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: In Brazil, the consumption of phytotherapics has become very popular due to the vast biodiversity of the immense flora, to the belief that plants that are of natural origin are safe and without side effects. Besides phytotherapics, in general, are cheaper than synthetic products. The objective of this study is to evaluate the elemental concentrations in phytotherapics of the plants Maytenus ilicifolia, also known as Holly or "Espinheira Santa", and Solanum melongena, known as Eggplant. The analysis of the elemental composition of phitotherapics is of great importance since these products may contain toxic or essential elements above of the safe limits for human consumption. The determinations also may be used to study the correlation the presence of some elements with their therapeutic effects. The phytotherapics samples were acquired in drug stores in São Paulo city and they were in powder form placed in capsules. Their elemental concentrations were determined by Neutron Activation Analysis (NAA) method. Aliquots of the samples and synthetic elemental standards were irradiated at the IEA-R1 nuclear reactor with thermal neutron flux of about 4.24 1012 n cm􀀀2 s􀀀1 during 16h. After adequate decay times, the irradiated samples and standards were measured using a HGe detector coupled to a gamma ray spectrometer. The radionuclides were identified by the gamma rays energies and the half- lives. Concentrations of the elements were calculated by comparative method. For quality control of the results, the certified reference material INCT-MPH-2 Mixed Polish Herbs was analyzed. Elements Br, Ca, Cr, Cs, Co, Fe, K, La, Rb, Sb, Sc, Se and Zn were determined in this study. Results obtained in the certified reference material showed a good agreement with the certified values. The variation (Relative Standard Deviation) of the contents of each capsule was of 6.1% for "Espinheira Santa" sample, and of 5.6% for Eggplant. This result indicates that the sample of "Espinheira Santa" phytotherapic presented more homogeneous in terms of mass of the contents in each capsule than that of Eggplant. In the phytotherapics, the elements Ca and K were found at the percentage levels, the elements Br, Fe, Rb and Zn at the g/g and the Co, Cr, Cs, La, Sb and Sc at the ng/g level. In the Eggplant phytotherapic, the element As was found but at very low concentration of ng/g.

PEREIRA, L.M.; SAIKI, M. Neutron activation analysis of phytotherapics of Maytenus ilicifolia and Solanum melongena plants. In: 60 YEARS OF IEA-R1: INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON UTILIZATION OF RESEARCH REACTORS, November 28 - December 01, 2017, São Paulo, SP. Abstract... São Paulo, SP: Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, 2017. p. 35-36. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/28732. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: Assessing the homogeneity is one of the critical steps in the process of preparing and certifying a reference material (RM). One of the parameters that must be estimated is the minimum sample intake for which the material remains homogeneous, that is, that the concentration and uncertainty values present in the certificate continue to be valid. In general, the Certified Reference Materials (CRM) producers establish a minimum sample intake of 200mg, estimated in a conservative way, and useful for classical analytical methods that use sample masses greater than this value. From the appearance of analytical techniques that use less sample quantities, such as ICP, it became increasingly important to be able to clearly estimate which is the real minimum sample intake of the RM. The present work describes the micro-homogeneity study of a bovine kidney candidate reference material. In order to obtain an estimate of the minimum sample intake amount, assays were performed to determine the Kurfurst constant (HE), a parameter used for this purpose by several authors. Measurements should be carried out using a method that allows analyzing a low sample quantity, with good accuracy and low uncertainty. In this work was used Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis, INAA, a reference technique for the evaluation of the degree of homogeneity of RM. Ten sub-samples of approximately 1mg were analyzed to evaluate the HE for the elements Cl, K, Mn and Na, and ten sub-samples of approximately 2mg to evaluate the HE for Co, Fe, Mg, Se and Zn. Results obtained for HE in all the analyzed elements were satisfactory. The estimated minimum sample intake was between 1mg and 50mg, depending of the element.

CASTRO, L.; MOREIRA, E.G.; VASCONCELLOS, M.B.A. Micro-homogeneity evaluation of a bovine kidney candidate reference material. In: 60 YEARS OF IEA-R1: INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON UTILIZATION OF RESEARCH REACTORS, November 28 - December 01, 2017, São Paulo, SP. Abstract... São Paulo, SP: Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, 2017. p. 34-34. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/28730. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: Water is an indispensable molecule for the existence of life, thus several studies analyze both their chemical composition and biological and radiological. There is a greater concern about mineral waters, since they tend to be consumed even as a therapeutic form, originating the study of crenotherapy. Currently there are several analytical techniques for the determination of elements in water and one that can be used is the neutron activation analysis, which consists of a technique that forms radioactive isotopes by means of reactions that occur in the nucleus of the atoms, thus allowing simultaneous determination of various chemical element concentrations. In addition to being a sensitive and reliable method, it is free of sample destruction. The method can be used either in samples in their solid or liquid form. The mineral water, according to Decree Law No. 7.841 of 08.08.1945 is defined as: "Mineral waters are those from natural or artificially collected sources that have chemical composition or physical or physico-chemical properties distinct from common waters with characteristics that give them a medication action". In addition to chemical composition, these waters may be classified by other physical chemical characteristics, such as temperature and gases; they are also studied in the field of medicine. The objective of this study was to determine the concentration of the elements As, Ba, Br, Ca, Ce, Co, Cr, Cs, Eu, Fe, Hf, K, La, Lu, Na, Nd, Rb, Sb, Sc, Se, Sm, Ta, Tb, Th, U, Yb and Zn in the mineral waters from Parque das Águas of Cambuquira, springs Gasosa I, II and III, Férrea, Magnesiana, Litinada and Marimbeiro springs 1, 2 and 3, both parks located in the city of Cambuquira, MG. Parque das Águas of Marimbeiro is located 3km from the center of the city of Cambuquira; the parks are managed by the CODEMIG. A sample of a mineral water spring was also collected from a private property open to the population, near to the park of Cambuquira and called the spring of Laranjal or Dico. The samples for the autumn sampling of 2016 were analyzed, for which the results obtained showed that in the mineral waters of the parks Cambuquira and Marimbeiro was determined the elements Na and Ca, which are expected elements since an important characteristic of fresh waters is that they have an identity of the inorganic ions. This characteristic may be linked to the salts of these ions being moderately soluble, thus facilitating their mobilization in aqueous medium. Also determined in the waters were the elements Zn, Co, Fe and rare earth elements such as Sm and La.

SANTOS, L.A.B.; SHIGASI, A.; DAMATTO, S.R. Use of INAA technique in mineral water samples from the Parque das Águas of Cambuquira and Marimbeiro. In: 60 YEARS OF IEA-R1: INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON UTILIZATION OF RESEARCH REACTORS, November 28 - December 01, 2017, São Paulo, SP. Abstract... São Paulo, SP: Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, 2017. p. 32-32. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/28728. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: This study proposes the application of Eichhornia crassipes biomass, abundant in the dams of São Paulo state, to remove metallic ions from solution, aiming its application to effluent treatment. The efficiency of adsorption was tested by the Zn, Fe, Cr, Co removal from solutions containing these elements. The plants, for biomass production, were collected at the Billings reservoir in São Bernardo do Campo, located in the Southeast of São Paulo Metropolitan Region. After collection, the plants were washed and dried in a ventilated oven from 60 C to 70 C, crushed and passed through a 150 m sieve. The biomass thus obtained was subjected to the chemical activation process by the treatment with 0.1 mol L􀀀1 solution of HCl and 0.1 mol 􀀀1 of NaOH in order to increase its surface area. The tests indicated that the treatment with HCl was the most effective and this was used in the preparation of the biomass for the adsorption tests of the metallic ions. The adsorption tests were carried out, at first, to verify the effect of the pH and the contact time between the sample and the adsorbent in the adsorption process. The concentrations of Zn, Fe, Cr and Co, present in the solution, before and after the treatment, were determined by the instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) technique. For this determination the samples were irradiated for 8 hours at the IEA-R1 reactor at IPEN. The concentrations were determined by comparing the peak area of the samples and that of the reference materials irradiated together with the samples.

OLIVEIRA, J.A.S.; SILVA, P.S.C. Use of macrophites for removal of metals in liquid effluents, using instrumental neutron activation analysis. In: 60 YEARS OF IEA-R1: INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON UTILIZATION OF RESEARCH REACTORS, November 28 - December 01, 2017, São Paulo, SP. Abstract... São Paulo, SP: Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, 2017. p. 30-31. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/28726. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: In the therapeutic treatments involving clays, they are used in mud form also called peloids and are obtained by maturation process. Peloid is a natural product consisting of a mixture of solid phase (inorganic and organic materials) with a liquid phase (mineralU medicinal, salt lake or sea water). The maturation process occurs during the interaction of the solid and liquid phases that can vary up to many months. The peloids can be applied to different parts of the body or on the whole body by means of masks and poultices, or even by bathing the body partially or totally, for therapeutic or cosmetic purposes. This study proposes to characterize the elemental composition of the peloids artificially obtained by the maturation process of mixing bentonite with minero-medicinal water from Águas de Lindóia (SP). For this procedure, bentonite samples were left in contact with running water for three months, after this, they were collected, dried, transferred to a mortar, crushed and irradiated in the IEAR1 reactor at IPEN, together with certified reference materials, to be analyzed by neutron activation analysis. The irradiation occurs at a neutron flux of 1012 cm􀀀2 s􀀀1, during 8 hours and the induced activity were measured by gamma spectrometry.

TORRECILHA, J.K.; SILVA, P.S.C. Bentonite maturation with "Águas De Lindóia" water (Sp). In: 60 YEARS OF IEA-R1: INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON UTILIZATION OF RESEARCH REACTORS, November 28 - December 01, 2017, São Paulo, SP. Abstract... São Paulo, SP: Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, 2017. p. 29-29. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/28724. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: The adsorption process has been used as an efficient method for the removal of metallic ions from effluents. In this work, it is presented the studies to evaluate the adsorption capacity of Co in kaolinite, a low cost adsorbent, aiming at the removal of this ion from aqueous solutions. The specific surface area (S) was analyzed in 25 samples prepared in different ways: kaolinite, bentonite and activated carbon and, mixtures of kaolinite-bentonite and kaolinite-activated carbon. These mixtures were prepared by adding to kaolinite 10, 20, 30, 40 or 50% of activated charcoal or bentonite. Samples of kaolinite-activated charcoal mixture and raw kaolinite were also calcined at 600 and 1000 C for 4h. The adsorption parameters investigated for these adsorbents were: contact time, pH, solute initial concentration, ionic competition and ionic strength. It was found that the optimized contact time and pH, for the purpose of this work, were 30 min and pH 6. Under these conditions the cobalt ion removal efficiency was greater than 80%. It was verified that the presence of Cr and Zn ions, as well as the increase in ionic strength caused a decrease in the adsorption capacity of Co in the adsorbent mixture. The Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms presented R2 equal to 0.906 and 0.597, respectively. The parameters determined by these isotherms indicated a spontaneous process, i.e., energetically favorable, for the adsorption of Co under the conditions that this work was carried out.

SOUZA, E.S.; SILVA, P.S.C. Cobalt adsorption in kaolinite. In: 60 YEARS OF IEA-R1: INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON UTILIZATION OF RESEARCH REACTORS, November 28 - December 01, 2017, São Paulo, SP. Abstract... São Paulo, SP: Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, 2017. p. 28-28. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/28722. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: Three biological reference materials were prepared to be used in interlaboratory programs and/or proficiency tests, as well as, for calibration of analytical instruments and validation of analytical methods for environmental trace elements: A Perna perna mussel reference material was produced and certified by means of an interlaboratory comparison. The material was designed as a quality assurance tool for element biomonitoring studies along the Brazilian seashore. For the preparation of the Brazilian mussel reference material, 164kg of Perna perna (Linnaeus, 1758) mussels were purchased from a single producer, from Cocanha Beach in Caraguatatuba City, São Paulo State North Shore where mussels are cultivated by the longline system. After cleaning, freeze-drying and homogenization, the mussel samples were packed in 171 bottles and, the material was irradiated with a gamma ray dose of 5 kGy to enhance its stability. The certified mass fraction values and associated expanded uncertainties were obtained for Al, As, Ca, Cd, Cl, Co, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, Se, Th and Zn at the certification campaign. A fish tissue reference material was produced in the context of an International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) project aiming analytical quality improvement for laboratories of the Latin American and Caribbean region. Whitemouth croake (Micropogonias furnieri), known as corvina, was the chosen species due to its low cost and high consumption in Latin America countries. For preparation, about 300kg of fish was collected and only the edible parts were used. After adequate processing, the fish material was bottled in 534 bottles with approximately 25g each. The reference values and associated expanded uncertainty (k = 2) were established for As, Cd, Cu, Fe, K, Mn, Na, Se and Zn; Finally, a bovine kidney reference material to be used in the quality control of meat products was prepared using 35 kg of fresh bovine kidney from cattle reared under controlled feeding conditions. The preparation resulted in a final batch of 175 flasks. It was possible to assign values to 20 elements with their respective uncertainties, being 9 certified values (As, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Se and Zn), 10 indicative values (Br, Ca, Cd, Cl, Co, Cs, Hf, Mo, P and Rb) and 1 as additional information (Hg). All the three reference material production projects took advantage of the unique metrological properties of Instrumental Activation Analysis (INAA) not only in the certification process but also in the homogeneity and stability assessment following ISO Guide 30 series recommendations.

MOREIRA, E.G.; MAIHARA, V.A.; CASTRO, L.; VASCONCELLOS, M.B.A. Preparation of biological reference materials at LAN – IPEN – CNEN/SP. In: 60 YEARS OF IEA-R1: INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON UTILIZATION OF RESEARCH REACTORS, November 28 - December 01, 2017, São Paulo, SP. Abstract... São Paulo, SP: Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, 2017. p. 26-27. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/28720. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: Instrumental Neutron activation Analysis (INAA) is a mature nuclear analytical technique able to accurately determine chemical elements without the need of sample digestion and, hence, without the associated problems of analyte loss or contamination. This feature, along with its potentiality use as a primary method of analysis, makes it an important tool for the characterization of new references materials and in the assessment of their homogeneity status. In this study, the ability of the comparative method of INAA for the within-bottle homogeneity of K, Mg, Mn and V in a mussel reference material was investigated. Method parameters, such as irradiation time, sample decay time and distance from sample to the detector were varied in order to allow element determination in subsamples of different sample masses in duplicate. Sample masses were in the range of 1 to 250 mg and the limitations of the detection limit for small sample masses and dead time distortions for large sample masses were investigated.

SILVA, D.P.; MOREIRA, E.G. Homogeneity study on biological candidate reference materials: the role of neutron activation analysis. In: 60 YEARS OF IEA-R1: INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON UTILIZATION OF RESEARCH REACTORS, November 28 - December 01, 2017, São Paulo, SP. Abstract... São Paulo, SP: Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, 2017. p. 25-25. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/28718. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: Mercury (Hg) is a toxic element released into the environment by various atrophic activities. Consequently, the improvement of analytical methods for Hg determination in environmental samples is of great interest. Instumental Neutron Activation Analysis (INAA) is considered an adequate technique to determine several elements. However, Hg determination by INAA is often hampered by its volatility, which causes losses. The aim of this study was to establish adequate conditions for Hg determination in environmental samples by INAA. The following parameters were evaluated: the irradiation time, polyethylene capsule or envelope for irradiation and spectral interferences caused by other elements present in the samples. For the study, four certified reference materials (CRMs) were analyzed: INCT M-4 CormTis Comorant Tissue, IAEA-085 Methylmercury, Total Mercury and Other Trace Elements in Human Hair, NRC DOLT-3 Dogfish liver certified reference material for trace metals and BCR 186 Trace elements in lyophilized pig kidney. Aliquots of these materials were irradiated together with Hg synthetic standard in the IEA-R1 nuclear research reactor. The Hg synthetic standard was prepared by pipetting aliquots of Hg standard solution and thioacetamide solution into filter paper sheets or into polyethylene capsules. The thermal neutron flux utilized was about 4.6 1012 n cm􀀀2 s􀀀1 and the irradiation times were of 1 and 8h. The gamma activities of the samples and standard were measured using a Ge detector coupled to a digital spectrum analyzer. Hg was identified by the photopeaks of 77.34 keV of 197Hg and 279.20 keV of 203Hg. Results obtained in this study indicated that the Hg impurities present in polyethylene envelopes are negligible. The gamma ray activities of Hg standards measured for different decay times indicated that there is no Hg loss after irradiation. Results obtained in the analysis of CRMs indicated that the adequate irradiation time is of 1h, since long irradiations of 8h indicated the increase of spectral interferences such as 198Au, 75Se and 24Na. The quality control of Hg results, obtained in the CRMs using 1h of irradiation, indicated good precision and accuracy with |Z score| < 2. The experimental conditions established in this study were applied to tree bark samples. Detection limits for Hg of these analyses were about 0.14 g g􀀀1 and 1.9 g g􀀀1, for the photopeaks of 197Hg and 203Hg, respectively.

PEREZ, C.; SANTOS, E.C.; SAIKI, M. Establishing adequate conditions for mercury determination in environmental samples by INAA. In: 60 YEARS OF IEA-R1: INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON UTILIZATION OF RESEARCH REACTORS, November 28 - December 01, 2017, São Paulo, SP. Abstract... São Paulo, SP: Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, 2017. p. 23-23. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/28716. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: Pollution from vehicle in parking areas has become a challenge mainly in urban centers. In Brazil impounded vehicle scrapyards (IVS) are often overcrowded and may pose a source of potentially toxic elements (PTEs). Recently Lange et al. (2016) have evaluated PTEs mass fraction on topsoil (0.2m) in an IVS at Ribeirao Pires city (23 42’8" S 46 25’34" W) which lies 29km southwest of São Paulo city, in southwest of Brazil. The authors observed hot spots for most elements suggesting vehicular source. This IVS terrain was filled with soil mixed with demolition waste, such as brick, tiles, steel, wood, plastic, glass, asphalt fragments, rubbers and also auto parts pieces. Since 90’s, this IVS is operational and, before the filling, no evaluation on PTEs soil distribution by depth was performed. Therefore, many doubts concerning PTEs downward mobiliy lay in this site. The aim of this study is to evaluate if PTEs indeed moved through the soil depth and if so what are PTE’s concentration in groundwater, since this site has a permeable surface and vehicles are parked directly on topsoil. Three monitoring wells were installed. Nine samples were collected in plastic liners: four in PM1, three in PM2 and two in PM3. Groundwater was sampled using a low flow peristaltic pump and pH, electrical conductivity, redox potential and temperature were measured with a multiparameter probe. Neutron activation analysis was employed to determine PTEs in soil samples, and ICP-MS was the analytical technique for groundwater analysis. The obtained values were compared with literature data from Brazil and other regions around the world, as so with recommended values from environmental regulatory agencies. Although the obtained results have indicated some PTEs enrichment in the distinct soil layers, these elements did not reach groundwater, according to present evaluation.

LANGE, C.N.; FIGUEIREDO, A.M.G.; ENZWEILER, J.; MONTEIRO, L.R. Potentially toxic elements downward mobility in an impounded vehicle scrapyard. In: 60 YEARS OF IEA-R1: INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON UTILIZATION OF RESEARCH REACTORS, November 28 - December 01, 2017, São Paulo, SP. Abstract... São Paulo, SP: Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, 2017. p. 21-21. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/28714. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: The characterization of edible tissues of fishes consumed by humans is very important for determination of several toxic and potentially toxic elements, ensuring the food safety. The Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis (INAA) comparative method allows the determination of several of these elements, as well as others, for example of nutritional character. This study is part of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) technical cooperation project of Latin America and Caribbean countries to ensure the quality of food and biomonitoring of contaminants in molluscs and fishes. Ten specimens of 5 of the most consumed fish in São Paulo city: whitemouth croaker (Micropogonias Furnieri), smooth weakfish (Cynoscion learchus), common snook (Centropomus undecimalis), Brazilian sardine (Sardinella brasiliensis) and bluefish (Pomatomus Saltatrix) were analyzed. Complete procedures for analysis, which includes purchase in the largest warehouse in Latin America, transport to the laboratory, storage, freeze-drying, milling, weighting and other preparations of the subsamples, and the short irradiation parameters for the determination of Br, Cl, K, Mn and Na are reported. Results obtained for macro and microelements are presented and are in agreement with analysis of oyster tissue and mussel tissue certified reference materials under the same irradiation conditions, with zscore values ranging from -3.0 to 2.2.

TAPPIZ, B.; MOREIRA, E.G. Neutron activation analysis characterization procedures for fish consumed at São Paulo City. In: 60 YEARS OF IEA-R1: INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON UTILIZATION OF RESEARCH REACTORS, November 28 - December 01, 2017, São Paulo, SP. Abstract... São Paulo, SP: Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, 2017. p. 19-20. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/28712. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: Chemical composition of mineral water is the result of soil and water interaction and depends on the soil geology, because the chemical elements become part of these waters through the leaching and dissolution processes of soil. Mineral waters are defined as those that come from natural springs or that are artificially collected with chemical composition or physical chemical properties which imbues them with medicinal action that distinguishes them from ordinary water. According to the mineral summary of Departamento Nacional de Produção Mineral - DNPM, the consumption of mineral water has been increasing year by year, being in 2014 the global consumption 6.2% greater than in 2013 (which already had consumption 7.0% greater than in 2012), a fact that reinforces the importance of the characterization and regulation of the mineral waters. In thermal parks as Caxambu’s park, the waters are used as health therapy, diuretic waters, cathartic waters and anti-inflammatory waters. Parque das Águas of Caxambu, the largest mineral water park in the world, has 12 springs: Leopoldina, Beleza, Duque de Saxe, Princesa Isabel and Conde D’Eu, Dom Pedro, Viotti 1 and 2, Venâncio, Mayrink I, II and III and Ernestina Guedes and also a 60 m deep geyser. Thus, the main goal of this study was to perform a chemical characterization of these waters in which the elements Ba, Ca, Co, Cr, Cs, Eu, Fe, K, La, Na, Rb and Sb were found using Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis – INAA technique. Mineral water samples were dried in a cellulose substrate and irradiated at the IEA-R1 reactor in which they were exposed for 6h to a thermal neutron flux of 1012 neutrons per cm2 per second. The results showed a similar behavior among the samples and it was possible to identify a higher concentration of Na, K and Fe and predominance of alkaline and alkaine earth metals in all samples. Further, Venâncio, Beleza, Ernestina springs and geyser showed the highest concentrations of these elements.

MENEGHINI, A.A.; DAMATTO, S.R. Elemental characterization using instrumental neutron activation analysis in mineral waters from Caxambu, MG. In: 60 YEARS OF IEA-R1: INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON UTILIZATION OF RESEARCH REACTORS, November 28 - December 01, 2017, São Paulo, SP. Abstract... São Paulo, SP: Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, 2017. p. 18-18. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/28710. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: Since 1996 the Butantan Institute (IBu, São Paulo city), in collaboration with the Health Departments of some Brazilian states, produces serum antilonomic using the caterpillars of the species L. obliqua from several regions of Brazil. However, no data of their elemental composition to ensure that the antivenom produced (considering the different origins) maybe used to manufacture serum unchanged in the final product, as regards the toxicity of inorganic elements. In this investigation, we intend to check the elemental characterization of this antidote using Neutron Activation Analyses technique (NAA). The NAA measurements were performed in the IEA-R1 nuclear reactor (IPEN/CNEN-SP, Brasil). Each sample was irradiated for 120s and gamma counting endured 300s, HPGe detector (ORTEC-GEM 60195) coupled to a MCA (ORTEC - 919E) used. The elements concentration were obtained using the ATIVAÇÃO software. These quantitative analysis of the antilonomic serum will generate data to evaluate the possibility of establishing a standard extract, which would reduce costs in the antilonomic serum production process, as well as improvements in serum production process antilonomic in the Butantan Institute, meeting the standards of good manufacturing practices and good laboratory practice.

LEAO, A.R.; ZAMBONI, C.B.; SILVA, D.G.N. da; MEDEIROS, I.M.M.A.; SIMONS, S.M. Neutron activation analyses for investigation of antilonomic serum for caterpillars lonomia obliqua walker (Lepidoptera: saturniidae). In: 60 YEARS OF IEA-R1: INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON UTILIZATION OF RESEARCH REACTORS, November 28 - December 01, 2017, São Paulo, SP. Abstract... São Paulo, SP: Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, 2017. p. 16-17. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/28708. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: Cultivation and consumption of tobacco in Brazil began before Portuguese colonization and in the current scenario Brazil stands out as the second largest producer of the plant. This crop has great agricultural importance for three states in the southern region of the country; Paraná, Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul, responsible for 95% of all production. The chemical composition of the tobacco products varies according to plant variety, region of cultivation and preparation of the products (washes, additives, flavorings, among others). Tobacco products are the second most commonly used drug among Brazilian students. Many papers in the international literature present studies on the chemical and radiological composition of several tobacco products, but few studies are found regarding the same composition of the derivatives produced in Brazil. Various toxic elements such as Al, As, Cd, Co, Cr, Hg, Ni and Pb can be found in the tobacco products. The aim of the present study was to determine the inorganic chemical composition of the main tobacco products consumed in Brazil, using the techniques of Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis - INAA technique to determine the elements: As, Ba, Br, Ca, Ce, Co, Cr, Cs, Fe, Hf, La, Na, Rb, Sc, Sm, Th and Zn and the X-Ray Fluorescence technique for determining the elements: Al, Cd, Cl, Cu, Hg, I, K, Mg, Mn, Ni, P, Pb, S, Sb, Se, Sr and U in 82 samples of tobacco derivatives: 20 unflavoured cigarettes, 9 flavored cigarettes, 14 straw cigarettes, 6 cigars and 33 rope fumes.

OLIVEIRA, A.; DAMATTO, S.R. Inorganic chemical composition of brazilian tobacco products. In: 60 YEARS OF IEA-R1: INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON UTILIZATION OF RESEARCH REACTORS, November 28 - December 01, 2017, São Paulo, SP. Abstract... São Paulo, SP: Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, 2017. p. 15-15. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/28706. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: This presentation showed the students’ vision of the post-graduation program. The students were interviewed about their motivations to study and their plans for the future. In general lines, they listed three main motivations to start their studies at CRPq: a wish to improve their CVs, in order to gain general experience and/or increase financial earnings; a desire to become a researcher, in order to achieve personal fulfillment and to produce knowledge; and a desire to become a professor, in order to achieve personal fulfillment and to help in the development of other people. In all cases, the chance to start a new career and to get a job or a better job position were important motivations too. In this sense, the students’ plans for the future are related mainly to the continuation of studies/researches and to their admission in job positions at industries, labs and/or educational institutions. A research was made in order to know the current occupations of ex-students too. Many of them are teachers or professors, at public and private institutions, and some are working at industries and labs, as managers or technicians. Also important, some of them are researchers, working at IPEN itself or other research facilities, in Brazil or abroad. In general, the students like working at CRPq, mainly because of the good relationships developed among students and professors/researchers, despite of some operational issues in day-to-day work.

NORY, R.M. Students: motivations and plans for the future. In: 60 YEARS OF IEA-R1: INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON UTILIZATION OF RESEARCH REACTORS, November 28 - December 01, 2017, São Paulo, SP. Abstract... São Paulo, SP: Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, 2017. p. 11-11. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/28704. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: The IEA-R1 was the seed of the whole Nuclear and Energy Research Institute (IPEN), and, in the beginning, the buildings around this facility have housed all thenexisting branches including operation and maintenance (O&M) of the IEA-R1 itself, the nuclear physics and radiochemistry divisions, etc. In the end of 70s these three sections were assembled into a single unit called COURP (Center of Operation and Utilization of Research Reactor), located in those same blocks. In 2000 this administrative structure gave origin to the Research Reactor Center (CRPq). This center governs the O&M of the IEA-R1 and its utilization. CRPq has two departments, one responsible for O&M, certain products and services related to neutron irradiations, whereas the other – for their utilization by researchers and for education. It has 59 employees, 10 Post-docs and around 90 students at different levels. In addition to the O&M, CRPq is involved into research and development work and offers services for society. All CRPq activities are monitored by integrate management system under ISO 9001 certification.

GENEZINI, F.A. Research reactor center: the IEA-R1 home. In: 60 YEARS OF IEA-R1: INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON UTILIZATION OF RESEARCH REACTORS, November 28 - December 01, 2017, São Paulo, SP. Abstract... São Paulo, SP: Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, 2017. p. 10-10. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/28702. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: In the beginning of this year, I had to report the events related to the accident with 137Cs in Goiânia under a personal stance, what led me to a process of catharsis. After participating in such a significant event, and today, after reviewing historical events by means of published papers and newspaper reports, it is notorious the difference between the chaos that I experienced there and the order and clarity of the facts that I perceive today. As in the phrase attributed to Heraclitus, "No man ever steps in the same river twice, for it is not the same river and he is not the same man", during the three months while I worked as a radioprotection technician, I plunged into a sea of emotions, closely accompanying the evolution of the health of some radiation victims, and working in the decontamination and demolition of their houses. The unknowns, the dedication of some professionals and the disdain of others, along with the unusual facts that the response team and the patients were facing, gave me a sad and hilarious tone that served as a backdrop to the official history of the accident of Goiânia.

CARVALHO, R.N. The stories of Goiânia. In: 60 YEARS OF IEA-R1: INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON UTILIZATION OF RESEARCH REACTORS, November 28 - December 01, 2017, São Paulo, SP. Abstract... São Paulo, SP: Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, 2017. p. 03-03. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/28699. Acesso em: $DATA.

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