Abstract: Introduction: Osteoblasts are specialized fibroblasts that secrete and mineralize the bone matrix. The mineralized extracellular matrix is mainly composed of type I collagen, osteocalcin, and the inorganic mineral hydroxylapatite1. The use of radiation as therapy in some cancers causes great bone loss. However, low dose radiation may have the opposite effect. Low dose X-irradiation on osteoblastic culture had effects on proliferation and differentiation with increase of mineralization nodules2. However, there is little information on the potential therapeutic efficacy of low-dose gamma-irradiation in the formation of mineralization nodules. Objective: To evaluate the effects of irradiation with 60Co γ-rays in low doses in the formation of mineralization nodules in culture of osteoblasts. Methods: MC3T3-E1 cells were bought by the Banco de Células do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (MC3T3-E1 Subclone 14). The cells were cultured in α-MEM medium consisting of 10% FBS and without β-glycerophosphate and L-ascorbic acid (GIBCO, Custom Product, Catalog No. A1049001) (Zhao Y, Guan H, Liu S et al. Biol. Pharm. Bull. 2005, 28(8):1371-1376). Plating efficiency assays: cells were plated at a density of 100 cell/plate into 60 mm Petri dishes. After 14 days the places were stained with violet crystal and the colonies were counted. -glycerophosphate and 50 mg/ml ascorbic acid, and analyzed on days 7, 14 and 21. Osteoblast culture irradiation assay: cells were plated at a density of 1x 105 cells/plate on 60 mm dishes and the next day were irradiated by 60Co source with 0 (as the control), 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 Gy using the GammaCell 220 – Irradiation Unit of Canadian-Atomic Energy Commission Ltd. (CTR-IPEN). On day 21 of culture, undifferentiated (without ascorbic acid and β-glycerophosphate), differentiating cells (0 Gy) and irradiated cells at different doses, the medium was removed, cells were washed with phosphate buffer saline, fixed with 70% ethyl alcohol and stained with Alizarin red S (Sigma). All in three biological replicates (a total of 54 samples) and multiple comparisons were assessed by One-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni´s tests with GraphPad Prism version 6.0 software. P< 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Plating efficiency (PF) analysis is generally considered to be the gold standard of assays for testing the sensitivity of cell lines to ionizing radiation or other cytotoxic agents in vitro. The results obtained were a PF of 30% for non-irradiated culture, however, the irradiated culture obtained 40% in relation to the no-irradiated one, already with 0.5 Gy, and this percentage was maintained in the other larger doses. Regarding the evaluation of the formation of mineralization nodules, significant difference in 0.5 Gy group was observed compared with the control group (0 Gy), 64.7±1.8 and 53.0±0.9, respectively. The groups of 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 Gy obtained a decrease in the mineralization nodules. The data obtained with increasing irradiation produced an increase of mineralization nodules up to 0.5 Gy and in the higher doses had a decrease. Applying the data in a non-linear function it is observed that the line has a decreasing tendency with the negative angular coefficient. This analysis is in agreement with the hormesis model, in which low doses induce a stimulatory effect while high doses cause inhibition4. Conclusions: This study is one among the first that investigating the biophysics of low-dose gamma-irradiation on MC3T3-E1 culture, focusing on the potential applications in bone replacement therapy.

TARGINO, BARBARA; PINTO, THAIS L.; SILVA, EVILY F.; SOMESSARI, E.S.R.; BELLINI, MARIA H.; AFFONSO, REGINA. Evaluation of low doses of gamma irradiation in the formation of mineralization nodules in osteoblasts culture. In: ANAIS DA SOCIEDADE BRASILEIRA DE BIOCIENCIAS NUCLEARES, 09-11 de outubro, 2017, São Paulo, SP. Abstract... Rio de Janeiro, RJ: Sociedade Brasileira de Biociências Nucleares, 2017. p. 116-116. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/28823. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: Introduction: Prostate cancer is the second most prevalent malignancy and second leading cause of cancer-related deaths among men in the world. Several different diagnostic and therapeutic approaches have been developed in order to decrease the death rates. A number of experimental and clinical studies have showed antiproliferative, pro-apoptotic, anti-metastatic and anti-angiogenic effects of several phytochemicals. [6]-Gingerol (1-[4'-hydroxy-3'-methoxyphenyl]-5-hydroxy-3- decanone), the major pungent principle of ginger, has anti-oxidant, anti-inflammation and antitumor promoting activities. Aim: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the radiosensitizing activity of [6]-Gingerol in the human prostate cancer cells. Methods: The viability was assessed (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) tetrazolium (MTS) assay. The prostate human cells (LNCAP) (2,5×103 cells/well) were seeded into 96-well plates, after 24 hr they were treated with 150 and 300μg/mL of [6]-Gingerol or vehicle alone (0.1% DMSO) in serum containing media. After incubation, MTS solution was added to the plate at a final concentration of 0.5 mg/mL. The cells were incubated for 2 hr in dark at 37. The resulting MTS-products were determined by measuring the absorbance at 490 nm with ELISA reader. In the clonogenic cell survival assay, the cells were divided into two groups: A) control, B) treated with [6]-Gingerol, C) irradiated control and D) treated with [6]-Gingerol and irradiated. The cells were irradiated by 60Co source in the range from 0 to 15 Gy, using the GammaCell 220 – Irradiation Unit of Canadian-Atomic Energy Commision Ltd. (CTR-IPEN). After 10-14 days of culture in normoxia conditions, cell colonies were fixed and stained with methanol 20% and crystal violet 0.5% and counted. Multiple comparisons were assessed by One-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni´s tests with GraphPad Prism version 6.0 software. p< 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Our results demonstrated that [6]-Gingerol treatment induced a dose-dependent decrease in the cell viability. Compared with the vehicle control, the cell viabilities were 75.99 ± 3.56% and 43.06 ± 7.82% when the cells were exposed to 150 μg/mL and 300 μg/mL of [6]-Gingerol, respectively. Therefore, we observed a significant difference between the treatment groups; (P<0.01). Then, the effect of [6]-Gingerol (300 μg/mL) on cell radiosensitivity was evaluated. The clonogenic cell survival assay showed a significant difference between dose-survival curves of group (A) and (B), (P<0.05) and between the group (C) and (D), (P<0.05). Therefore, [6]-Gingerol treatment increased the radiosensitivity of LNCaP cells. Conclusions: The results demonstrated that, besides inducing a dose-dependent apoptosis in LNCaP human prostate cancer cells, [6]-Gingerol showed a radiosensitizing activity. These findings suggests it potential as candidate phytochemical agent for combined therapy for prostate cancer.

SILVA, JOSIAS P.L.; BELLINI, MARIA H. Radiosensitization of human prostate cell line lncap by [6]-gingerol. In: ANAIS DA SOCIEDADE BRASILEIRA DE BIOCIENCIAS NUCLEARES, 09-11 de outubro, 2017, São Paulo, SP. Abstract... Rio de Janeiro, RJ: Sociedade Brasileira de Biociências Nucleares, 2017. p. 115-115. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/28821. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: Introduction: Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) accounts for ∼80% of all renal cell carcinomas (RCC) and has the Von Hippel–Lindau (VHL) tumor suppressor gene mutated. The lack of VHL protein leads to a constitutionally active Hypoxia Inducible Factor (HIF) pathway that confers both chemoresistance and radioresistance for renal tumor. HIF pathway is known to interact with the transcription factor nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB). Increased NF-κB activity is associated with the development and progression of RCC (IKEGAMI A, TEIXEIRA LF. BRAGA MS et al. The American Society for Cell Biology 2016; 26: 3948-3955). Objective: Evaluate the synergistic effect of NF-kB1 knockdown and ionizing radiation in murine renal adenocarcinoma cell line. Methods: The murine renal adenocarcinoma cell line (Renca cells) (ATCC, USA) was cultured in RPMI 1640 supplemented with 10% FBS and penicillin/streptomycin. Lentiviral shRNA vector was used to knockdown of NF-KB1 gene in Renca cells, as described previously (1). In the clonogenic cell survival assay, the cells were irradiated by 60Co source in the range from 0 to 10 Gy, using the GammaCell 220 – Irradiation Unit of Canadian-Atomic Energy Commision Ltd. (CTR-IPEN). After 10-14 days of culture, cell colonies were fixed and stained with formaldehyde 4% and rhodamine B 2% and counted. To assess cell viability, tetrazolium [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5- (3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-MTS] was performed within 24 hours after irradiation at a dose of 10Gy. The survival variables α e β were fitted according to the linear quadratic equation (SF=exp[-αD-βD2]); SF=survival fraction, D=dose of irradiation and P value was determined by F test. Multiple comparisons were assessed by One-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni´s tests with GraphPad Prism version 6.0 software. P< 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Data are shown as the mean ± SD. Results: The Renca-shRNA-NF-kB1 cells were found to be significantly more radiosensitive than controls - Renca-WT and Renca-Mock, (P<0.001 vs Renca-Mock). The ratio α/β was increased in Renca-shRNA-NF-kB1: -0.177±0.677 compared with 7.368±1.833 and 11.960±5.240 of the Renca- WT and Renca-Mock, respectively. There was no significant difference in the survival fraction between Renca-WT and Renca-Mock groups. The lethal dose 50% (LD50) of Renca-WT was 3.33 Gy and Renca-Mock was 3.288 Gy whereas for the Renca-shRNA-NF-kB1 group it was 2.08 Gy. Corroborating these data, the Renca-shRNA-NF-kB1 showed reduction of 16.75±0.06% in the viability when compared to the Renca-Mock (P<0.001). Conclusion: The knockdown of NF-kB1 gene mediated by shRNA on Renca cells led to a decrease in the radioresistance. Therefore, this gene can be a therapeutic target for CCR treatment.

IKEGAMI, AMANDA; SILVA, LUIZ F.T. da; BELLINI, MARIA H. Downregulation of NF-ΚB1 enhances the radiosensitivity of renal cell carcinoma. In: ANAIS DA SOCIEDADE BRASILEIRA DE BIOCIENCIAS NUCLEARES, 09-11 de outubro, 2017, São Paulo, SP. Abstract... Rio de Janeiro, RJ: Sociedade Brasileira de Biociências Nucleares, 2017. p. 113-113. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/28819. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: Introdução: A terapia com laser em baixa intensidade (TLBI) tem ganhado grande destaque nas áreas da Saúde devido à busca por formas menos invasivas de tratamento. Entretanto, o seu uso em pacientes oncológicos é contraindicado já que a literatura reporta efeitos controversos em células tumorais. Objetivos: Este estudo tem como objetivo verificar os efeitos da TLBI na proliferação de células de tumor de mama. Métodos: Cem mil células de tumor de mama (MDA-MB-231) foram semeadas em placas de 96 poços em meio de cultura DMEM com 10 % de soro fetal bovino, e 24h depois, foram expostas à TLBI com laser de emissão em λ= 660nm e potência de 40 mW (MMOptics, São Carlos, SP, Brasil). O laser foi posicionado em contato direto com o fundo da placa, mantendo uma taxa de fluência uniforme de 1 W/cm2 por 60s e 120s, correspondendo as fluências de 60 J/cm2 e 120 J/cm2 (grupos TLBI60 e TLBI120, respectivamente). Os grupos controle não foram irradiados. Após 24 h, 48 h e 72 h, verificou-se a viabilidade celular em hemocitômetro através do teste de exclusão com azul de tripan, e a expressão do antígeno nuclear de proliferação celular (PCNA) e da proteína p53 por citometria de fluxo. As amostras preparadas separadamente para cada marcador (PCNA/p53) tiveram como canal de leitura FL1-H. Os experimentos foram realizados em triplicata em três momentos distintos (n=9). Os resultados foram submetidos à análise de variância dois fatores e Tukey como pós-teste, sendo considerados significativos quando p < 0,05. Resultados: Vinte e quatro-h e 48 h depois da TLBI, a viabilidade celular foi similar para os grupos TLBI e controle. Após 72 h, ambas as fluências promoveram redução significativa de aproximadamente 30 % no número de células viáveis em relação ao controle não irradiado. A expressão de PCNA depois de 24 h foi similar para todos os grupos. Após 48 h, ela foi cerca de 80 % e 70 % menor para os grupos TLBI60 e TLBI120, respectivamente. Em 72 h, nenhuma diferença estatisticamente significante foi detectada entre os grupos controle e TLBI60, mas para o grupo TLBI120 uma expressão significativamente mais baixa ( 50%) foi ainda observada. Com relação à expressão de p53, observou-se um aumento de cerca 56 % e 65 % para TLBI60 e TLBI120, respectivamente, após 24 h. Após 48 h, somente o grupo TLBI60 manteve essa expressão aumentada. Em 72 h, a expressão de p53 não diferiu entre os grupos. Conclusões: Considerando os parâmetros utilizados, nossos dados indicam que o uso da TLBI em células de tumor de mama pode reduzir a viabilidade celular, diminuir a proliferação celular e aumentar a expressão da proteína p53 indicando uma possível indução a apoptose dependendo da fluência e do tempo após tratamento.

SILVA, CAMILA R.; LUNA, ARTHUR C.L.; MARIA, DURVANEI A.; RIBEIRO, MARTHA S. Terapia com laser em baixa intensidade na proliferação de células de câncer de mama. In: ANAIS DA SOCIEDADE BRASILEIRA DE BIOCIENCIAS NUCLEARES, 09-11 de outubro, 2017, São Paulo, SP. Resumo... Rio de Janeiro, RJ: Sociedade Brasileira de Biociências Nucleares, 2017. p. 95-95. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/28817. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: A radiação é uma alternativa eficiente, de grande valor tecnológico no emprego de doses até 10 kGy para alimentos secos, desidratados e com baixo teor de gorduras. O objetivo desta pesquisa é realizar através de levantamento bibliográfico sobre os trabalhos existentes com finalidade tecnológica em farinhas e disponíveis na literatura para médias e altas doses de radiação. O estudo foi baseado nos dados de bases brasileiras e internacionais, tais como: “Google Scholar”, “ScienceDirect”, “Pubmed”, “SciELO”, "Web of Science". Foram coletados resultados do período compreendido entre os anos de 1980 e 2017, em farinhas provenientes de milho, mandioca, trigo, feijão, arroz, castanha, fubá e banana. Foram utilizadas palavras-chave tanto em Português como em Inglês: irradiação de alimentos; farinhas irradiadas e aspectos tecnológicos de farinhas irradiadas; food irradiation, technology aspects of irradiated flour. Os resultados da pesquisa/busca mostram que as doses variam desde a aplicação para fitossanitário até doses mais altas relacionadas às características tecnológicas. Foram encontrados 10 trabalhos com finalidade fitossanitária (0,1 a 1,0 kGy) e 20 com as características tecnológicas (doses acima de 1 kGy até 10 kGy). Nos trabalhos foram observados estudos relacionados com redução de carga microbiológica, composição nutricional, modificações organolépticas e relação do aumento do índice de acidez presente em fubá/castanha e também uma tendência de melhora como meio de aperfeiçoamento na produção de panificação em alguns artigos. Desta forma, com base na literatura avaliada, Concluímos que as tecnologias de irradiação de alimentos com doses médias apresentam vantagens e melhoram as características na produção de pães.

SA, ANA P.N. de; VILLAVICENCIO, ANNA L.C.H. Avaliação dos efeitos das radiações ionizantes em farinhas – artigo de revisão. In: ANAIS DA SOCIEDADE BRASILEIRA DE BIOCIENCIAS NUCLEARES, 09-11 de outubro, 2017, São Paulo, SP. Anais... Rio de Janeiro, RJ: Sociedade Brasileira de Biociências Nucleares, 2017. p. 74-81. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/28815. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: O IPEN/CNEN/SP tem destacada atuação em vários setores da atividade nuclear entre elas, nas aplicações das radiações e radioisótopos, em reatores nucleares, em materiais e no ciclo do combustível, em radioproteção e dosimetria, cujos resultados vem proporcionando avanços significativos no domínio de tecnologias, na produção de materiais e na prestação de serviços de valor econômico e estratégico para o país, possibilitando estender os benefícios da energia nuclear à segmentos maiores de nossa população. A multidisciplinaridade das atividades do setor nuclear, tem permitido conduzir amplo e variado programa de pesquisas e desenvolvimentos em outras áreas. Dentre essas, Biotecnologia, Física Nuclear e de Radioquímica, Materiais Avançados, como a obtenção e preparação de cerâmicas especiais, biomateriais e crescimento de monocristais para o uso em lasers. Um rigoroso programa de controle radiológico e de segurança nuclear é conduzido em todas as instalações nucleares e radioativas do IPEN. Este programa inclui monitorações radiológicas, pessoal e ambiental, atendimento a emergências radiológicas, análises radiotoxicológicas, avaliações radiosanitárias, calibração de monitores de radiação, tratamento e acondicionamento de rejeitos nucleares de baixa atividade. O IPEN é ainda responsável, em associação com a USP, pela condução de programas de pós-graduação em nível de mestrado e doutorado. A CAPES tem avaliado os cursos de pós-graduação do IPEN com os melhores conceitos, colocando-o entre os melhores cursos de pós-graduação do país.

Palavras-Chave: reactors; nuclear medicine; radioisotopes; nuclear energy; education; information dissemination; nuclear power plants; research programs; brazilian cnen; educational facilities

CALVO, WILSON A.P. IPEN - aplicação de técnicas nucleares voltado para a área da saúde. In: ANAIS DA SOCIEDADE BRASILEIRA DE BIOCIENCIAS NUCLEARES, 09-11 de outubro, 2017, São Paulo, SP. Resumo... Rio de Janeiro, RJ: Sociedade Brasileira de Biociências Nucleares, 2017. p. 24-25. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/28813. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: No Brasil o câncer é um dos principais problemas de saúde pública, constituindo-se em significativa causa de mortalidade. A cada ano aumenta o número de casos de câncer no País, e parte destes pacientes são tratados com Braquiterapia com fontes radioativas. A Braquiterapia, irradiação a curta distância, é uma forma de tratamento de lesões que se baseia na inserção de fontes radioativas em tumores. Neste processo, a radiação ionizante destrói com eficiência as células malignas. O tratamento com Braquiterapia pode ser realizado de forma singular ou associado a outras técnicas. Os implantes são feitos para vários tipos de tumores, a saber: cavidade oral, pescoço, colo do útero, mama, cérebro, pele, próstata, olho, etc. Entre as vantagens específicas da radiação externa, pode-se ressaltar a capacidade de dar forma à distribuição da isodose em lesões irregulares, a acentuada diminuição da dose fora da área de implante (poupando tecidos normais). Fios de Irídio-192: As fontes para Braquiterapia são, usualmente, na forma de fios flexíveis de 0,3mm e 0,5mm de diâmetro e que podem ser facilmente cortados no comprimento requerido para cada aplicação. Estes fios consistem de um núcleo de uma liga Platina-Irídio (80/20) encapsulado em um tubo de Platina ou Aço Inox. O revestimento tem a finalidade de filtrar os raios beta. A atividade específica, para terapia de baixa taxa de dose (LDR), está compreendida entre 1mCi/cm e 4mCi/cm, sendo que a principal característica requerida é a homogeneidade da atividade ao longo do fio, que não deve apresentar variação maior que 5% num fio de 50cm de comprimento. A meia-vida do Irídio-192 é de 74 dias. O objetivo do IPEN foi implantar um laboratório para produção de fontes de Irídio -192, ou seja, a determinação de um método de ativação dos fios e a construção de uma célula quente para manipulação, controle de qualidade e embalagem dos fios. A finalidade do trabalho foi tornar o País auto-suficiente na produção destas fontes e com preços cerca de 50% menores que o importado. Sementes de Iodo-125: Na braquiterapia, pequenas sementes contendo Iodo-125, material radioativo, são implantadas diretamente na próstata e uma grande dose de radiação é liberada apenas na próstata atacando o tumor, não atingindo os órgãos sadios próximos. Como a ocorrência de efeitos colaterais é menor, 85% dos pacientes com até 70 anos de idade, permanecem potentes sexualmente após o tratamento e raramente apresentam problemas de incontinência urinária. O implante com sementes é um procedimento de baixo impacto, não é cirúrgico e a pessoa pode retornar à atividade normal dentro de um a três dias. Os implantes atuais com sementes de Iodo-125 estão sendo realizados no Brasil, utilizando-se sementes importadas. O custo do produto para os hospitais e clínicas especializadas é significativo e a técnica exige, em geral, a aplicação de 80 a 120 sementes por paciente. Com o desenvolvimento das sementes feitas pelo IPEN/CNEN/SP, o Brasil passa a ser um dos poucos países do mundo, a dominar a tecnologia de produção de sementes de Iodo-125. Com a implantação rotineira, espera-se produzir sementes a um custo de no mínimo, 30% menor que as importadas. A estimativa de demanda das sementes de Iodo-125 é de 8.000 sementes/mês. A finalidade do projeto é capacitar o país na produção das sementes, a um custo compatível com a realidade brasileira, disponibilizar o produto para classe médica evitando as dificuldades de importação e os custos alfandegários, permitir ao maior número de pacientes o acesso a esta modalidade de terapia.

ROSTELATO, MARIA E.C.M. Fontes radioativas para braquiterapia, produção brasileira. In: ANAIS DA SOCIEDADE BRASILEIRA DE BIOCIENCIAS NUCLEARES, 09-11 de outubro, 2017, São Paulo, SP. Resumo... Rio de Janeiro, RJ: Sociedade Brasileira de Biociências Nucleares, 2017. p. 16-17. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/28811. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: Biological activity of ginger, especially antioxidant activity, has been associated to their bioactive compounds, gingerols, mainly 6-gingerol. Foods have some key compounds, which regulate their taste, aroma and nutritional profile, even if they are present in low concentration. These compounds used to be sensitive to irradiation in high doses. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of gamma irradiation from 60Co at doses 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 kGy on ginger (ZINGIBER officinalle Roscoe), particularly about its antioxidant activity. The quantification of phenolic compounds was performed by Folin-Ciocalteu method and assessing the potential of antioxidant activity by the free radical [2,2 difenil-1-pricrilhidrazil (DPPH•)] scavenging and by Rancimat® method. The 6-gingerol quantification was performed by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). There were no significant differences of total phenolic compounds in the irradiated samples compared to control (p>0,05). Eventhough, no irradiated extract showed higher ability on free radical scavenging. The Rancimat® method showed that antioxidant activity index (AAI) was not significant different (p>0,05) between analyzed extracts, as well as 6-gingerol quantification. It could be concluded that gamma radiation processing may be a feasible alternative for ginger because it does not significantly alter its major phenolic compounds or its significant antioxidant potential.

ALMEIDA, MARIANA C. de; SAMPAIO, GENI R.; BASTOS, DEBORAH H.M.; VILLAVICENCIO, ANNA L.C.H. Effect of gamma radiation processing on the antioxidant activity of ginger. In: INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON RECENT ADVANCES IN FOOD ANALYSIS, 8th, November 07-10, 2017, Prague, Czech Republic. Abstract... Prague, Czech Republic: University of Chemistry and Technology, 2017. p. 269-269. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/28809. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: Natural radioactivity is ubiquitous in the environment mainly due to the presence of the nuclides from the uranium and thorium series and K-40 in soil, water and sediments. Although in the South Hemisphere nuclear tests have been fewer in number than that in the North, artificial radionuclides can also be found spread at ground level. Salesópolis is located in the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo city (SPMR). The Usina Parque Rio Tietê (Salesópolis) reservoir belong to the Alto do Tietê system for the capture, storage and treatment of water for the São Paulo Metropolitan Region (SPMR). Therefore, the quality of the water, as well as, of sediments of this dam is of great importance. In this study, the activity concentrations of the natural uranium and thorium nuclides series, K-40 and the artificial Cs-137 were determined in a sediment core (T1B) with 42cm depth and sliced each 3 cm totalizing 14 samples, collected in the middle of the Salesópolis dam. Samples were sealed and wait 30 days for the radioactive equilibrium to be reached. The activity concentrations were measured by gamma spectrometry. Samples were counted and saved at regular intervals at a maximum of 160 000 seconds. The gross area were calculated for each peak and plotted against time and the counting rate was obtained by the sloop of the curve. The background and reference materials were treated in the same way. Results showed that 228Th varied from 44 to 150 Bq kg􀀀1 ; 228Ra, from 49 to 149 Bq kg􀀀1; 226Ra, from 26 to 88 Bq kg􀀀1; 210Pb, from 93 to 247 Bq kg􀀀1 ; 40K, from 127 to 852 Bq kg􀀀1 and 137Cs varied from 0.2 to 6.7 Bq kg􀀀1

SILVA, P.S.C.; SEMMLER, R.; ZAHN, G.; ROCHA, F.R.; DAMATTO, S.R.; FAVARO, D.I.T. Natural and artificial nuclides in Salesópolis reservoir by gamma spectometry. In: 60 YEARS OF IEA-R1: INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON UTILIZATION OF RESEARCH REACTORS, November 28 - December 01, 2017, São Paulo, SP. Abstract... São Paulo, SP: Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, 2017. p. 97-97. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/28798. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: The sintering process of UO2-Er2O3 pellets has been investigated because of its importance in the nuclear industry and the complex behavior during sintering. The present study includes the development of nuclear fuel for power reactor in order to increase the efficiency of the fuel trough longer refueling intervals. The erbium is indicated for longer cycles, which means less stops to refueling and less waste. In this work, we studied the use of erbium oxide by varying the concentrations in the range of 1-9.8%, which was added to UO2 powder through mechanical mixing, aiming to check the rate of densification and a possible sintering blockage. The powders were pressed and sintered at 1700 C under hydrogen atmosphere. The results show a sintering blockage in the UO2-Er2O3 system that occurs in the range of 1500- 1700 C temperature. Dilatometric tests indicate a retraction of 21.9% when used Er2O3 at 1 wt. % concentration. This shrinkage is greater than is observed with higher concentrations or even without the addition of the burnable poison, providing us with a better degree of incorporation of the element erbium, resulting in pellets with density suitable for use as nuclear fuel.

FREITAS, A.C.; CARVALHO, E.F.U. Study of the densification of uranium-erbium system. In: 60 YEARS OF IEA-R1: INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON UTILIZATION OF RESEARCH REACTORS, November 28 - December 01, 2017, São Paulo, SP. Abstract... São Paulo, SP: Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, 2017. p. 96-96. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/28796. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: The publication of papers in scientific journals or conference proceedings, has being the main way of summarization of experimental results obtained by the researchers over the time. However, the sharing of the experimental data in raw format or after some processing, is also equally important for the scientific community, as they provide the necessary input to reproducible experiments and also to independent validation of scientific results. Nowadays, the volume of scientific data production has increased to giant amounts, demanding new means of storage and curation as well as processes and technologies to make them available in durable ways. As a consequence, and at the same time a response, to those demands, a new scientific paradigm has emerged: the e-Science. This new paradigm distinguished itself from the traditional science, being characterized by intense computational activity, required to process the large volume of data that can be obtained from modern scientific experiments. e-Science, ultimately, is related to knowledge discovery and sharing not only as scientific publications, but also as experimental data, rich theoretic vocabularies, and several reusable services useful to the scientific community. The great availability of scientific data, both in raw or processed formats, leveraged by the adoption of transparency and accessibility politics by scientists all over the globe which publish their data on institutional or private repositories, are making possible also the reutilization of such data for new analysis by other scientists, who, employing new statistical approaches, such as machine learning algorithms suited to large amount of data, are also obtaining new results, not only from old data, but also, from the big amount of data originated from modern experimental facilities, doing what is known as "data science". The demand for intense computational utilization by e-Science related activities include not only the traditional simulation methods, but also the development of new tools that can operate in these new environments, such as, cloud based storage, cloud based access and analysis, mobile access to their research data, equipment monitoring and management, etc. All these activities are the scope of Scientific Computing being conducted at the Research Reactor Center - CRPq (IPEN-CNEN/SP).

MENEZES, M.O.; SEMMLER, R.; CARVALHO, G.M. de; LANDULFO, E.; DIAS, M.S. E-science, data science and scientific computing. In: 60 YEARS OF IEA-R1: INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON UTILIZATION OF RESEARCH REACTORS, November 28 - December 01, 2017, São Paulo, SP. Abstract... São Paulo, SP: Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, 2017. p. 93-93. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/28794. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: Previously, an instrumented dummy fuel element (DMPV-01), with the same geometric characteristics of a MTR fuel element, was designed and constructed for pressure drop and flow distribution measurement experiments at the IEA-R1 reactor core. This dummy element was also used to measure the flow distribution among the rectangular flow channels formed by element fuel plates. A CFD numerical model was developed to complement the studies. This work presents the proposed CFD model as well as a comparison between numerical and experimental results of flow rate distribution among the internal flow channels. Numerical results show that the model reproduces the experiments very well and can be used for the studies as a more convenient and complementary tool.

Palavras-Chave: computerized simulation; distribution; flow rate; fuel elements; iear-1 reactor; materials testing reactors; numerical solution; reactor channels; reactor cores; thermal hydraulics

ANDRADE, D.A.; ANGELOA, G.; ANGELO, E.; SANTOS, P.H.G.; OLIVEIRA, F.B.V.; TORRES, W.M.; UMBEHAUN, P.E.; SOUZA, J.A.B.; BELCHIOR JUNIOR, A.; SABUNDJIAN, G.; PRADO, A.C. A CFD numerical model for the flow distribution in a MTR fuel element. In: 60 YEARS OF IEA-R1: INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON UTILIZATION OF RESEARCH REACTORS, November 28 - December 01, 2017, São Paulo, SP. Abstract... São Paulo, SP: Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, 2017. p. 91-91. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/28792. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: Thermal-hydraulic analysis were performed for the IEA-R1 research reactor considering ideal, estimated and actual flow rate conditions through the fuel elements. The ideal conditions were obtained dividing the total primary flow rate among the fuel elements and the estimated conditions were calculated using the computer program FLOW. The actual flow rate conditions were experimentally measured using an instrumented dummy fuel element. The results show that the actual conditions are far from ideal and calculated ones due to the high bypass flow that deviates the active reactor core through the irradiation devices, gaps, couplings, etc..Thus, the safety margins are smaller for the actual flow conditions.

UMBEHAUN, P.E.; TORRES, W.M. Thermal-hydraulic analysis of the IEA-R1 research reactor – a comparison between ideal and actual conditions. In: 60 YEARS OF IEA-R1: INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON UTILIZATION OF RESEARCH REACTORS, November 28 - December 01, 2017, São Paulo, SP. Abstract... São Paulo, SP: Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, 2017. p. 88-88. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/28790. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: External radiotherapy occupies a prominent place in cancer treatments. The constructions of the linear accelerators of electronics bunkers are costly and this factor is limiting so that more equipment is installed. It is necessary to research constructive options with the objective of reducing costs, without loss of the guarantee of structural stability and radiological protection as a barrier. In the screening study of these facilities, various materials may be employed for radiation attenuation. Reinforced concrete is used in many of these facilities, either for its cost or the constructive facility in Brazil, due to the knowledge of this material. The objective of this study was to design and analyze a bunker buried in reinforced concrete and as a comparative of costs the structure of an ungrounded bunker was also designed, also in reinforced concrete. Some advantages and disadvantages of each structural system were indicated, as well as the costs of the basic structure of two models. The structure of the walls, accesses, slabs, beams and pillars, as well as foundations, in terms of cost, has the ratio of 4 times the bunker not buried to the buried bunker, a significant value in the installation of a radiotherapy service.

ALMEIDA, P.; ZEITUNE, C.A. Structural design of a buried construction bunker type, intended for the installation of linear accelerator equipment of electrons. In: 60 YEARS OF IEA-R1: INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON UTILIZATION OF RESEARCH REACTORS, November 28 - December 01, 2017, São Paulo, SP. Abstract... São Paulo, SP: Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, 2017. p. 87-87. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/28788. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: A partial replacement of the IEA-R1 piping system was conducted in 2014. The aim of this work is to perform the stress analysis of the renewed primary piping system of the IEA-R1, taking into account the as built conditions and the pipe modifications. The nuclear research reactor IEA-R1 is a pool type reactor designed by Babcox- Willcox, which is operated by IPEN since 1957. The primary coolant system is responsible for removing the residual heat of the Reactor core. As a part of the life management, a regular inspection detected some degradation in the primary piping system. In consequence, part of the piping system was replaced. The partial renewing of the primary piping system did not imply in major piping layout modifications. However, the stress condition of the piping systems had to be reanalyzed. The structural stress analysis of the primary piping systems is now presented and the final results are discussed.

FALOPPA, A.A.; FAINER, G.; OLIVEIRA, C.A.; MATTAR NETO, M. IEA-R1 renewed primary coolant piping system stress analysis. In: 60 YEARS OF IEA-R1: INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON UTILIZATION OF RESEARCH REACTORS, November 28 - December 01, 2017, São Paulo, SP. Abstract... São Paulo, SP: Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, 2017. p. 86-86. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/28786. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: The evaluation of environmental contamination is one of the most important ways to check the anthropogenic interference. Human activities next to a water body, as mining, or on the waterbody, such as transportation ships, can pour unwanted wastes, increasing the concentration of metals or radionuclides. One way to evaluate this contamination on waterbodies is the quantification of radionuclides on sediments. The evaluation of uranium and thorium contamination is an important measurement of anthropogenic interference, because these two natural radionuclides can be found in many places on earth. The are many techniques to determinate the uranium and thorium concentration in sediments samples, and the spectrophotometric method with Arsenazo III is one of the quicker and cheaper method. The Arsenazo-III reacts with both radionuclides, producing a stable complex in low pH condition. The radionuclides were extracted from the sediments samples by an acid digestion, with HNO3, HF and H2O2, on a microwave. The interferences were removed by solvent extraction process, allowing the Arsenazo III react only with the uranium and thorium. The validation process was performed to evaluate if the whole process could reach reliable results with expected quality level. The Limit of Detection (LOD), Limit of Quantification (LOQ), Accuracy (Z-Score) and Precision (Relative Standard Deviation) of each method were evaluated following the INMETRO’s guidance document. The LOD and LOQ of the uranium determination are, respectively, 0.98 and 1.11 ppm, and for thorium determination are, 0.61 and 0.81 ppm, for the analysis of 0.5g of sediments samples. The methods validations were performed using the certified reference material (CRM) IAEA SL-1, for uranium determination, and IAEA SL-3, for thorium determination. Both validations reached satisfactory results of Accuracy and Precision for the analysis of 0.5g of sediments samples.

TEIXEIRA, L.F.L.; MAZZILLI, B.P.; NISTI, M.B.; SAUEIA, C.H.R. Validation of uranium and thorium determination in sediments by spectrophotometry with Arsenazo III. In: 60 YEARS OF IEA-R1: INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON UTILIZATION OF RESEARCH REACTORS, November 28 - December 01, 2017, São Paulo, SP. Abstract... São Paulo, SP: Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, 2017. p. 84-84. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/28784. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: The Nuclear Science and its technologies have provided fundamental tools for the understanding of new chemical and physical properties that help the development of the new age of multifunctional materials such as the Perovskites for photovoltaics and fuel cells, the luminescent oxides for lighting and biomarkers and the thin films in semiconductors. One of the most important parameters that defines key properties of the Perovskites to be applied as the cathode in fuel cells is their crystal structure and its point defects (e.g. oxygen vacancies), which can be determined by neutron diffraction (Fig. 1a). Photonic materials like luminescent nanoparticles, once doped with Rare Earth ions, they can emit light when excited with UV/IR, being used in probing bioassays. In this case, the precise determination of Rare Earth concentration by Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis (INAA) leads to ensure the desired spectroscopy properties to prepare efficient probing nanoparticles (Fig.1b). Furthermore, nuclear based techniques such as Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry (RBS) help us in determining the thickness and the elemental composition of thin films (Fig. 1c), which is not usually easy through other conventional techniques. In other words, the nuclear based techniques applied on materials characterization play a key role in providing a solid understanding on the physical and chemical properties of the condensed matter. In summary, this work presents three cases where the use of the Nuclear Techniques improves the characterization of different materials. All the data shown here were collect and published somehow, as indicated below.

BONTURIM, E.; MAZZOCCHI, V.L.; PARENTEA, C.B.R.; MOREIRA, E.G.; SEO, E.S.M.; FELINTO, M.C.F.C. Nuclear based techniques in multifunctional materials characterization. In: 60 YEARS OF IEA-R1: INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON UTILIZATION OF RESEARCH REACTORS, November 28 - December 01, 2017, São Paulo, SP. Abstract... São Paulo, SP: Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, 2017. p. 80-81. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/28782. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: All radiological activity implies risks. However, these risks are rarely analyzed in the perspective of the impacts that can generate the image of the institutions in society. Reactions to a possible radiological accident, publicly exposed by the media, involves many challenges from the perspective of communication. However, for individuals and organizations responsible for the proper response to a crisis, as well as the public in general, the quality of information is psychologically important and vital in solving the threat. The objective of this research is to study and contribute to the awareness of the importance and the necessary zeal in the process of information management by all the people involved in a potential or already established crisis. For this, it proposes the analysis of a hypothetical situation of radiological accident involving the case of the TAM airplane that crashed into a shed in Congonhas, São Paulo.

SANTOS, R.A.V.; SARKIS, J.E.S.; ANDRADE, D.A. "Airplane accident involving radiological facility" – What would happen if you see a newspaper headline like this? The importance of information management in crisis. In: 60 YEARS OF IEA-R1: INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON UTILIZATION OF RESEARCH REACTORS, November 28 - December 01, 2017, São Paulo, SP. Abstract... São Paulo, SP: Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, 2017. p. 77-77. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/28780. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) was founded in 1957 to ensure the safe and peaceful use of nuclear energy. Signed in 1968, the Nuclear Non- Proliferation Treaty entered into force in 1970. Among its objectives, three basic principles were established: (i) to nuclear States Party to the Treaty, the prohibition of transferring nuclear weapons to any other state, not encouraging, assisting or inducing the acquisition of such weapons; (ii) Non-nuclear weapons States Party to the Treaty do not manufacture or acquire, in any way, such weapons; (iii) All States accept the safeguards of nuclear material set forth by the IAEA. Safeguards are activities where the IAEA verify whether or not a Member State is diverging nuclear material or equipment from peaceful uses to nuclear weapons. In addition, in case of non-compliance with the terms, sanctions enter as a way to inhibit such behavior. In the last years, mainly during the decade of 2000, the Iranian nuclear program has become the subject of controversy for international security. Country’s refusal to halt the nuclear program has already prompted the United Nations to approve three package of sanctions against Iran in December. 2006, in March 2007 and in March 2008. Despite these sanctions, Iran still did not allowed additional visits by IAEA inspectors to sites associated to nuclear activities. In this work, the effectiveness of NTP’s economic sanctions over Iran’s economy and its nuclear politic was evaluated. For this purpose, economic indicators such as the unemployment rate, the inflation rate and the GDP during the period from 2003 to 2017 were analyzed. The main conclusion is that the economic sanctions applied to Iran, by the United Nation Security Council were effective once, after the establishment of the sanctions, Iran’s economy suffered a severe negative impact. However, from 2015, after the signature of the Global Plan of Action, with the group of countries called P5 + 1 (China, United States, France, United Kingdom, Russia and Germany), which agreed to withdraw Iran’s sanctions once complied with IAEA standards, it can be observed a gradual improvement in the Iran’s economic indicators.

ZUCHETTI, M.C.; SARKIS, J.E.S. Non-proliferation treaty: sanctions and results – Iran case. In: 60 YEARS OF IEA-R1: INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON UTILIZATION OF RESEARCH REACTORS, November 28 - December 01, 2017, São Paulo, SP. Abstract... São Paulo, SP: Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, 2017. p. 76-76. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/28778. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: Nuclear fission is governed by very well known physical laws which, under certain circumstances, for instance: type of reactor, fuel and irradiation history, allow to preview with high degree of confidence, the production of energy, the build up of fission products and the transmutation of heavy metals. All these information, gathered in a nuclear forensic library (NFL), can be an important tool during the identification of a seized unknown sample, allowing to produce evidences concerning it’s irradiation history, the type of reactor or even the origin of the sample. The usefulness of a nuclear forensic library depending on not only the quantity or quality of the available data, as well as the capacity of the investigators to identify, correlate, and interpret the main parameters identified, or measured, in the seized sample. In this paper it will be described the strategy adopted by the Brazilian’s team during the Galaxy Serpent Exercise, coordinated by the Nuclear Forensics International Technical Working Group on nuclear forensics, where a NFL was used to identify an unknown sample. Our experience demonstrated the importance of the knowledge on nuclear reactions to select the main parameters to be considered during the evaluation. Then, the importance to use of simple isotopic correlations, to verify the consistency of the available information, before to use a more complex multivariate statistical techniques . Based on our investigation, the following questions were answered: Does Clio reactor belong to the NFL? Is it possible to identify which class of reactor belongs Clio? For the first question the answer is: Conclusive negative. For the second question the answer is: suggestive positive to be a BWR reactor.

SARKIS, J.E.S.; BORDON, I.C.A.C.; PESTANA, R.C.B. The use of nuclear forensic library in order to identify unknown seized nuclear material. Brazilian’s participation in the galaxy serpent exercise. In: 60 YEARS OF IEA-R1: INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON UTILIZATION OF RESEARCH REACTORS, November 28 - December 01, 2017, São Paulo, SP. Abstract... São Paulo, SP: Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, 2017. p. 74-74. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/28776. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: Environmental swipe sampling for safeguards purposes has been used by International Atomic Energy Agency since 1996 and is a powerful tool to detect undeclared materials and activities in States under safeguards agreements. The Secondary Electron Microscope with Energy-Dispersive X-Ray analyzing system (SEM-EDX) can be particularly useful in the initial identification of uranium in swipe samples and might be appropriate to identify and characterize uranium particles This work describes the use of SEM-EDX, as an initial screening technique, in real-life swipe samples for identifying and characterizing uranium particles. The swipe samples were collected in a conversion plant at the Nuclear and Energy Research Institute – IPEN/CNEN, São Paulo, Brazil

SARKIS, J.E.S.; PESTANA, R.C.B.; MARIN, R.C.; CARVALHO, E.F.U. The use of SEM-EDX for the identification of uranium compounds in swipe samples for nuclear safeguards. In: 60 YEARS OF IEA-R1: INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON UTILIZATION OF RESEARCH REACTORS, November 28 - December 01, 2017, São Paulo, SP. Abstract... São Paulo, SP: Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, 2017. p. 73-73. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/28774. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: This work describes the utilization of LA-HR-ICP-MS (laser ablation high resolution inductively mass spectrometry) for characterize the uranium isotope ratio of a UO2 pellet supplied and certified by New Brunswick Laboratory (NBL). This method is useful measurements of 233U, 234U, 235U, 236U and 238U, reaching relative standard deviations (RSD) from 1.55% to 2.45%. The Laser ablation ICP-MS technique shows a high level of instability, compromising the precision of the measurements, although could be made some adjustments to improve its stability. To reach the better stability were made the adjustments of laser ablation and ICP-MS parameters, such as RF power, laser beam diameter, defocusing of laser beam, auxiliary gas and sample gas. The parameters which caused the greatest impact in order to improve the stability signal were RF power, defocusing and laser beam diameter. To carry out the adjustments of the parameters was used a glass standard NIST 610, supplied and certified by National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). The measurements were carried out on a single spot ablation with low energy density and defocusing, which demonstrated to be the improved way to reach good signal stability. The results presented by the measurements revealed that the Laser ablation ICP-MS technique offers a rapid and accurate way to perform uranium isotope ratios without any sample preparation, since it allows carrying out the measurements straight on the sample, besides to preserve the sample that is very important to safeguards and nuclear forensics.

SARKIS, J.E.S.; MARIN, R.C. Uranium isotope ratio measurements by LA-HR-ICP-MS. In: 60 YEARS OF IEA-R1: INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON UTILIZATION OF RESEARCH REACTORS, November 28 - December 01, 2017, São Paulo, SP. Abstract... São Paulo, SP: Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, 2017. p. 71-72. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/28772. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: Thorianite is a strongly radioactive thorium’s mineral (ThO2) which often contains uranium, lead and rare earth elements. It is a very heavy, hard, and colored dark gray to brownish black or bluish black. In the environment can be found in pegmatite, beach sands, and alluvial deposits. Despite to be considered a rare mineral it can be found in several parts of the world. The main occurrence areas in Brazil are alluvial deposits located in the Municipalities of Porto Grande, Serra do Navio and Pedra Branca in the Amapa State (Amazon Rainforest). Besides thorium, the mineral has high contents of uranium, lead and rare earths which represents an important commercial and strategic value. During the last decades several tons of this mineral have been apprehended by Brazilian Federal Police. This situation is extremely serious considering that these numbers just represent a very small part of the total of the smuggled amount. The main questions are : Who? To whom? and With which objective? This paper will present the more recent data and a nuclear forensic perspective of the nowadays situation.

SARKIS, J.E.S.; NASCIMENTO, M.R.L.; QUINELATO, A.L.; SILVA, N.C. Apprehension of thorianite in Brazil: a nuclear forensic perspective. In: 60 YEARS OF IEA-R1: INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON UTILIZATION OF RESEARCH REACTORS, November 28 - December 01, 2017, São Paulo, SP. Abstract... São Paulo, SP: Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, 2017. p. 70-70. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/28770. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: The use of environmental monitoring as a technique to identify activities related to the nuclear fuel cycle has been proposed, by international organizations, as an additional measure to the safeguards agreements in force. The elements specific for each kind of nuclear activity, or "nuclear signatures", inserted in the ecosystem by several transfer paths, can be intercepted with better or worse ability by different live organisms. Depending on the kind of signature of interest, the anthropogenic material identification and quantification require the choice of adequate biologic indicators and, mainly, the use of sophisticated techniques associated with elaborate sample treatments. This work demonstrates the technical viability of using pine needles as bioindicators of nuclear signatures associated with uranium enrichment activities. Additionally, it proposes the use of a technique widely diffused nowadays in the scientific community, the High Resolution Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometer (HR-ICP-MS), to identify the signature corresponding to that kind of activities in the ecosystem. It can be also found a description of a methodology recently being applied in analytical chemistry, based on uncertainties estimates metrological concepts, used to calculate the uncertainties associated with the obtained measurement results. Nitric acid solutions with a concentration of 0.3 mol kg􀀀1, used to wash pine needles sampled near facilities that manipulate enriched uranium and containing only 0.1 g kg􀀀1 of uranium, exhibit a 235U:238U isotopic abundance ratio of 0.0092 ? 0.0002, while solutions originated from samples collected at places located more than 200 km far from activities related to the nuclear fuel cycle exhibit a value of 0.0074 ? 0.0002 for this abundance ratio. Similar results were obtained for sample solutions prepared by microwave assisted acid digestion and dry ashing process. The different values of 235U:238U isotopic abundance ratio obtained for samples collected in different places permit to confirm the presence of anthropogenic uranium and demonstrate the viability of using this technique and the methodology proposed in this work.

SARKIS, J.E.S.; BUCHMAN, J.H. The use of environmental monitoring as a technique to identify isotopic enrichment activities. In: 60 YEARS OF IEA-R1: INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON UTILIZATION OF RESEARCH REACTORS, November 28 - December 01, 2017, São Paulo, SP. Abstract... São Paulo, SP: Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, 2017. p. 69-69. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/28768. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: The Brazilian Network of Laboratories on Nuclear Forensic Science (BNLNFS) was created in 2007 with support of IAEA’s the Department of Nuclear Security. The main roles of the laboratory are: the development of procedures for characterization of the radioactive or nuclear material in order to determine its production site, production date, intended use, and the route from production site to the crime scene, training and education in nuclear forensics. The network uses a variety of techniques to characterize materials, including nuclear counting, analytical chemistry, radiation measurements, and various radiography techniques. Thus, based on the scientific expertise of IPEN’s nuclear scientists and existing infrastructure The network gathers six laboratories located at Nuclear and Energy Research Institute, São Paulo, IPEN’s Department of Radiological Protection, and has the support of CNEN’s Poços de Caldas Laboratory, Rio de Janeiro, and São Paulo State Police, São Paulo and Federal Police, Brasília. During the exercises, the associated laboratories have to follow all procedures recommended by IAEA to conduct a nuclear forensic investigation. During the last decade the BNLNF has participated in several international nuclear forensics exercises.

SARKIS, J.E.S. Brazilian network of laboratories on nuclear forensic science (BNLNFS). In: 60 YEARS OF IEA-R1: INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON UTILIZATION OF RESEARCH REACTORS, November 28 - December 01, 2017, São Paulo, SP. Abstract... São Paulo, SP: Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, 2017. p. 67-68. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/28766. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: The routine operation of a nuclear or radioactive installation generally involves the release of radioactive liquid and/or gaseous effluents. At the Nuclear and Energy Research Institute – IPEN there are several nuclear and radioactive facilities, developing activities in the field of nuclear energy. IPEN’s Radioprotection Management has established a radioactive effluent sampling program to determine the amount of radioactive material (source term) released into the environment and to detect immediately any unplanned release above the pre-established operating limits. The IPEN Environmental Radiological Monitoring Program – ERMP evaluates the levels of radioactivity to which individuals of the public are exposed through the analysis of atmospheric samples; the main objective of an ERMP is the confirmatory radiological control, which estimates whether the assumptions made in the calculation of the dose, from the source term, are correct. The objective of the present work is to present the gaseous radioactive effluents control and the radioactivity assessment in the atmospheric air at IPEN’s campus, since there were implanted in 1988 at the Laboratory of Environmental Radiometry of IPEN. In both, gaseous radioactive effluents control and radioactivity assessment in the atmospheric, cellulose and charcoal cartridge filters are analyzed by gamma spectrometry – HPGe weekly, from the IPEN’s radioactive facilities, Accelerators and Cyclotron Center, IEA-R1 Research Reactor Center, Radiopharmacy Center - Building I and II and each 15 days collected from three air samplers located near the nuclear and radiation facilities of IPEN, respectively. The radionuclides determined in the majority of the samples throughout the sampling period were 131I, 18F and 67Ga.

RODRIGUES, C.E.C.; NOGUEIRA, P.R.; DAMATTO, S.R.; MADUAR, M.F.; ALENCAR, M.M.; PECEQUILO, B.R.S. An overview of the gaseous radioactive effluents control and radioactivity assessment in the atmospheric air at IPEN’S campus. In: 60 YEARS OF IEA-R1: INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON UTILIZATION OF RESEARCH REACTORS, November 28 - December 01, 2017, São Paulo, SP. Abstract... São Paulo, SP: Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, 2017. p. 66-66. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/28764. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: An instrumented dummy fuel element (DMPV-01) with the same geometric characteristics of a MTR fuel element was designed and constructed for flow distribution measurement experiments at the IEA-R1 reactor core. This dummy element was also used to measure the flow distribution among the rectangular flow channels formed by element fuel plates. Two probes with two pressure taps were constructed and assembled inside the flow channels to measure pressure drop and the flow velocity was calculated using pressure drop equation for closed channels. This work presents the experimental procedure and results of flow distribution measurement among the flow channels. Results show that the flow rate in the peripheral channels is 10 to 15% lower than the average flow rate. It is important to know the flow rate in peripheral channels because of uncertainties in values of flow rate in the open channel formed by two adjacent fuel elements. These flow rates are responsible by the cooling of external fuel plates.

Palavras-Chave: cooling; experimental data; flow rate; fluid flow; fuel channels; fuel elements; fuel plates; mtr reactor; pressure drop; pressure measurement; spatial distribution; velocity

TORRES, W.M.; UMBEHAUN, P.E.; ANDRADE, D.A.; SOUZA, J.A.B. A MTR fuel element flow distribution measurement preliminary results. In: 60 YEARS OF IEA-R1: INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON UTILIZATION OF RESEARCH REACTORS, November 28 - December 01, 2017, São Paulo, SP. Abstract... São Paulo, SP: Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, 2017. p. 62-63. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/28762. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: The acceptance of nuclear energy and the risk perceived by the public are affected by past accidents with large media repercussion, like Chernobyl (Ukraine, 1986) and Fukushima (Japan, 2011), the first one because of its magnitude and the latter for still being fresh on people’s minds (Visschers & Walquist, 2013; Pineda-Solano et al., 2013). Changing this perception based on shocking accidents can be difficult, but informing the public about nuclear energy and the risks imposed by it to them and to the environment helps reducing the population’s concerns (Koerner, 2014; Visschers & Walquist, 2013; Pineda-Solano et al., 2013). A strategy to cope with public risk perception and achieve a good level of information and preparedness for emergency is risk communication. This paper presents the result of a research with the workers of Education, Science and Technology of Angra dos Reis (SECT), Brazil, that attended a course given by State Civil Defense with the support of SECT and ELETRONUCLEAR. The course aims to diffuse the knowledge about nuclear energy generation and the External Emergency Plan of State of Rio de Janeiro for a nuclear emergency in the Nuclear Power Plant Almirante Ãlvaro Alberto.

CUNHA, R.D.S.; ANDRADE, D.A. The dissemination of information about nuclear energy and the external emergency plan of the State of Rio de Janeiro, in Angra dos Reis, Brazil. In: 60 YEARS OF IEA-R1: INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON UTILIZATION OF RESEARCH REACTORS, November 28 - December 01, 2017, São Paulo, SP. Abstract... São Paulo, SP: Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, 2017. p. 61-61. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/28760. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: Environmental sampling is one of the most important measures to strengthen the nuclear safeguard system. The collection of environmental samples, in context of the safeguard, aims to reveal information on treated materials and declared or even undeclared activities, as well. Usually two steps are involved, the first to establish the environmental fingerprint of the installation under observation, the second is to obtain compared these values with the environmental signatures. This strategy can also be used in nuclear forensic investigations. Samplings can be performed inside, outside or even near the facility under investigation, on surfaces, air, water, sediments, vegetation, soil and the local biota. In soil the earthworm is part of the biota, assimilating the metallic components during feeding or by skin absorption. The Eisenia fetida earthworm belongs to the Annelida Phylum, Oligochaete Class, the species known as California redworm, in Brazil, is widely used for the production of humus, since it has great ability to convert little decomposed organic residues into stabilized material. In the literature it has been already reported the ability of E. fetida to bioacumulate several metals including uranium and other radionuclides. In this project we are studying the ability of E. fetida to identify nuclear signatures and its ability to be used as biomonitor in nuclear safeguards and nuclear forensic investigations.

ZAMPIERI, M.C.T.; SARKIS, J.E.S. The use of Eisenia fetida as bioindicator of nuclear activities. In: 60 YEARS OF IEA-R1: INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON UTILIZATION OF RESEARCH REACTORS, November 28 - December 01, 2017, São Paulo, SP. Abstract... São Paulo, SP: Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, 2017. p. 60-60. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/28758. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: The Loss of Coolant Accident (LOCA) has been considered Design Basis Accident (DBA) for several kind of reactors. The test section for experimental (STAR) for simulation of LOCA, using the Instrumented Fuel Assembly (IFA) EC-208 was designed, assembled, commissioned, and used for the experiments at the IEA-R1 Reactor. The experiments were performed for five different levels of fuel uncovering and two heat decay conditions. The five levels consisted of one total and four partial uncovering of the IFA. The results obtained for each experiment were the section level and 13 IFA temperatures. A data acquisition system was used to record the process parameters. The STAR section has proved to be a very safe and efficient tool for fuel uncovering experiments to obtain thermal-hydraulic data for research and development, and for the data to be compared with safety analysis code calculations.

MAPRELIAN, E.; TORRES, W.M.; BELCHIOR JUNIOR, A.; UMBEHAUN, P.E.; SANTOS, S.C.; FRANÇA, R.L.; PRADO, A.C.; MACEDO, L.A.; SILVA, A.T. E; BERRETTA, J.R.; SABUNDJIAN, G. Experiments of loss of coolant in the IEA-R1 reactor. In: 60 YEARS OF IEA-R1: INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON UTILIZATION OF RESEARCH REACTORS, November 28 - December 01, 2017, São Paulo, SP. Abstract... São Paulo, SP: Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, 2017. p. 58-58. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/28756. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: This work presents results on the commissioning of the new heat exchanger of the IEA-R1 nuclear reactor in the occasion of its operational power upgrade from 2 MW to 5 MW, in comparison to the values calculated in the project of IESA Design and Equipments Company. This reactor is a swimming pool type, light water moderated and with graphite reflectors, used for research purposes and medical radioisotopes production. During monitoring procedures, issues were observed on the reactor operation at 5 MW mainly due to the ageing of the reactor’s oldest heat exchanger (TC-A) and excessive vibrations at high flow rates on the other installed heat exchanger (TC-B). So it was decided to provide a new IESA heat exchanger with 5 MW capacity to definitely substitute the TC-A heat exchanger. The results show that the IEA-R1 nuclear reactor can be operated safely and continuously at 5 MW with the new IESA heat exchanger.

CASTRO, A.J.A. de; UMBEHAUN, P.E.; CARVALHO, M.R. Comissioning of the IEA-R1 nuclear reactor new heat exchanger. In: 60 YEARS OF IEA-R1: INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON UTILIZATION OF RESEARCH REACTORS, November 28 - December 01, 2017, São Paulo, SP. Abstract... São Paulo, SP: Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, 2017. p. 57-57. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/28754. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: This work aims to present the 64Cu standardization method developed in the Nuclear Metrology Laboratory (LMN) at the IPEN-CNEN/SP, using a 4 􀀀 coincidence system, and the measurement of the gamma-ray emission probabilities per decay of 1345.7 keV of 64Cu by means of a REGe gamma-ray spectrometer. The 4 􀀀 coincidence system consists of a gas- flow proportional counter with 4 geometry and using 90% Ar + 10% CH4 gas at 0.1 MPa, as the detector, coupled to two NaI(Tl) crystal for the gamma-ray emission detection. The events were registered by means of a Time to Amplitude Converter (TAC) associated with a Multi-Channel Analyzer. Two gamma-ray windows were set for the coincidence measurements, one including the positron-annihilation quanta and the other located at the total absorption energy peak of the 1345.7 keV gamma-ray transition. The 64Cu was obtained by irradiating 0.3mg of metallic cooper in the IEA-R1 research reactor under a 1 1013 cm􀀀2 s􀀀1 thermal neutrons flux. To obtain the 64Cu solution the foil irradiated was dissolved in 20 L of HNO3 65% and after that was diluted in 20 mL of 0.1M HCl. The activity was determined by means of the extrapolation curve from eight irradiations, normalized by means of the germanium measurements. The Kawada factor to correct the inefficiency for beta plus and beta minus in the N4 has been applied. The gamma-ray full efficiency peak curve of the germanium spectrometer was measured at 17.9 cm of source-detector distance, in the energy range from 244 keV to 2754 keV, by measuring flamed-sealed ampoules of 24Na, 60Co, 133Ba, 137Cs, and 152Eu standardized at the LMN. The sample for measurement in the spectrometer was prepared in flame-sealed ampoule with 1 mL of the diluted solution. The gamma-ray emission probability per decay of the 1345.7 keV transition of 64 Cu was (0.472 0.010)%, in agreement with the literature.

Palavras-Chave: coincidence methods; copper 64; emission; gamma radiation; gamma spectrometers; multi-channel analyzers; standardization; tantalum carbides

KOSKINAS, M.F.; YAMAZAKI, I.M.; MOREIRA, D.S.; TAKEDA, M.N.; DIAS, M.S. Disintegration rate and gamma-ray emission probability per decay measurement of Cu-64. In: 60 YEARS OF IEA-R1: INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON UTILIZATION OF RESEARCH REACTORS, November 28 - December 01, 2017, São Paulo, SP. Abstract... São Paulo, SP: Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, 2017. p. 55-55. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/28752. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: In archaeological studies several analytical techniques are used to study the chemical and mineralogical composition of many materials of archaeological origin, generating a large data set. Thus, the multivariate statistical methods become indispensable for the interpretation of the results. These multivariate techniques, unsupervised and supervised, are accompanied by modern computational programs, which provide visualization and interpretation. Several methods have been used, such as cluster analysis, discriminant analysis, principal component analysis, among others. However, the most used is cluster analysis. The purpose of cluster analysis is to group the samples based on similarity or dissimilarity. The groups are determined in order to obtain homogeneity within the groups and heterogeneity between them. The literature presents many methods for partitioning of data set, and is difficult choose which is the most suitable, since the various combinations of methods based on different measures of dissimilarity can lead to different patterns of grouping and false interpretations. Nevertheless, little effort has been expended in evaluating these methods empirically using an archaeological data set. In this way, the objective of this work is make a comparative study of the different cluster analysis methods and to identify which is the most appropriate. For this, the study was carried out using a data set of the Archaeometric Studies Group from IPEN-CNEN/SP, in which 45 samples of ceramic fragments from three archaeological sites were analyzed by instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) which were determinated the mass fraction of 13 elements (As, Ce, Cr, Eu, Fe, Hf, La, Na, Nd, Sc, Sm, Th, U). The methods used for this study were: single linkage, complete linkage, average linkage, centroid and Ward. The comparison was done using the cophenetic correlation coefficient and according these values the average linkage method obtained better results. A script of the statistical program R was created to obtain the cophenetic correlation coefficient. The purpose of this script is to facilitate the statistical study of researchers who do not have much familiarity with statistical programs.Therefore, the researcher can easily check which method is most appropriate for your data set.

CARVALHO, P.R.; MUNITA, C.S.; LAPOLLI, A.L. Comparative study of hierarchical clustering. In: 60 YEARS OF IEA-R1: INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON UTILIZATION OF RESEARCH REACTORS, November 28 - December 01, 2017, São Paulo, SP. Abstract... São Paulo, SP: Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, 2017. p. 52-52. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/28750. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis, INAA, has been successfully used on a regularly basis in several areas of nutrition and foodstuffs. INAA has become an important and useful research tool due to the methodology’s advantages. These include high accuracy, small quantities of samples and no chemical treatment. This technique allows the determination of important elements directly related to human health. In this paper some studies in the area of nutrition which had been carried out at the Neutron Activation Laboratory of IPEN/CNEN-SP are presented: Brazilian Total Diet Studies, trace elements in maternal milk, baby foods, edible mushrooms and wine samples. Total Diet Study (TDS) is considered as the most adequate study to assess the dietary intakes of nutrients of a population. TDS is based in assessment of groups of food, represented by a Food List, which reflects the food consumption of the population. Three Brazilian TDS have been carried out: 2 TDS of the São Paulo city and one of the Poãos de Caldas city, region that is considered as a high background radioactive area, HBA.Deficiency of minor and trace elements can lead to various disorders in the early stages of child development. The essential element level in thirty human colostrum samples from mothers of pre-term and term newborns were studied by INAA.Eating habits are important determinants of health conditions during childhood. Commercial infant food is an important part of the diet for many babies. Inadequate complementary feeding is a major cause of high rates of malnutrition throughout the world. Essential elements: Ca, Cl, Co, Cr, Fe K, Mg, Mn, Na, Se and Zn were also determined in 27 commercial infant food samples by INAA. Mushrooms and algae are excellent nutritional sources since they provide proteins, fibers and mineral. They have also been the focus of medical research. In Brazil these kind of foods are not consumed in large quantities by the general population since people know little about their nutritional and medicinal benefits. Hence, the study of mushrooms and algae intends to contribute to a better understanding of their essential element contents, which are currently commercialized in São Paulo state. Trace elements are good indicators of the origin of wines. Three procedures of wine sample preparation (freeze-drying, evaporation and dry-ashing) to determine essential elements by INAA.

MAIHARA, V.A.; AVEGLIANO, R.P.; ROSA, M.M.L.; AMBROGI, J.B.; VALLINOTO, P.; SANTOS, P.S.; MOURA, P.L.C.; DANIELE, A.P. Neutron activation analysis applied to nutritional and foodstuff studies at IPEN-CNEN/SP. In: 60 YEARS OF IEA-R1: INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON UTILIZATION OF RESEARCH REACTORS, November 28 - December 01, 2017, São Paulo, SP. Abstract... São Paulo, SP: Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, 2017. p. 50-50. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/28748. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: Macrophytes species play a relevant role in aquatic environments once they incorporate elements that can be a suitable tool for accumulation studies, mainly when it comes to an important and strategic water supply. The main goal of this study was to establish concentration levels of As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Se and Zn in four species of floating aquatic macrophytes samples at three sampling sites along the Guarapiranga Reservoir. For this purpose, five analytical techniques were tested such as Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP OES), Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP MS), Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (GF AAS), Thermal Decomposition, Amalgamation, and Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry and the multielemental characterization of this matrix was undertaken using Neutron Activation Analysis technique (NAA). The results obtained were compared to reference values for aquatic plants and most of the elements exceeded these values, especially at sampling site 01, which is located near the Embu-Guaãu River flow, the main tributary of the reservoir. In relation to comparison among sampling sites and macrophytes species, One-way Anova in Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was performed. Output showed significant differences among sampling sites, but not for macrophytes species. Factor Analysis (FA) with Principal Components (PC) extraction method was performed on data using SPSS software. Output suggested possible common source from the As, Co, Cr, Hg, Ni, Pb and Se elements, which composed PC1. PC2 included Cd, Cu and Zn elements and it should be noticed that Cu is frequently used as algicide in the reservoir, as CuSO4. PC3 included only Mn, suggesting distinct behavior of this element. Eventually, this work should be extended to monitoring programs.

COUTINHO, S.N.; FIGUEIREDO, A.M.G.; QUINAGLIA, G.A. Bioaccumulation of potentially toxic elements in floating aquatic macrophytes of Guarapiranga Reservoir, São Paulo. In: 60 YEARS OF IEA-R1: INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON UTILIZATION OF RESEARCH REACTORS, November 28 - December 01, 2017, São Paulo, SP. Abstract... São Paulo, SP: Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, 2017. p. 48-49. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/28746. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: Herons and egrets are considered bioindicators suitable for the assessment of environmental contamination, since they occupy the top of the food chain, and tend to accumulate high concentrations of toxic elements in their tissues. So, in this study the livers of the great egret (Ardea alba) were used as a bioindicators of changes in trace element concentrations between 2006 and 2011 (6 years) in the aquatic environments of the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo (SPMR). The levels of trace elements found in livers of males and females were also compared. The method of Neutron Activation Analysis (NAA) was used in these analyses for the determination of Br, Co, Cs, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Rb, Se and Zn, and Atomic Absorption Spectrometry Method (AAS) for the determination of Cd and Hg in liver samples. In previous studies, elevated concentrations of trace elements such as Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn and Zn were found in livers. In addition to the previous published data, the results for six trace elements (Co, Cs, Fe, Rb, Se and Zn) of five liver samples collected during 2011 were included. The concentrations of Br, Co, Fe, K, Mg, Na and Se found in livers in 2011 remained at similar levels to those obtained in 2006. However, increase in levels of Cd, Cu, Hg, Mn and Zn in 2011 was obtained, probably related to an increase in environmental depositions from anthropogenic sources. Female egrets presented lower levels of Co, Cs, Se and Zn than males. Selenium requires great attention due the differences indicating possible transference to the eggs and Se can be toxic for embryos. Results obtained in this study suggests a continuous monitoring using great egret livers in order to improve the knowledge of temporal trends of contamination in aquatic environments of the SPMR.

SILVA, R.C.A.; SAIKI, M.; MOREIRA, E.G.; MEIRA, P.T.; OLIVEIRA, S. A study on trace element contamination in the metropolitan region of São Paulo (São Paulo, Brazil), using the livers of great egret (Ardea alba) as a biondicator. In: 60 YEARS OF IEA-R1: INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON UTILIZATION OF RESEARCH REACTORS, November 28 - December 01, 2017, São Paulo, SP. Abstract... São Paulo, SP: Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, 2017. p. 46-47. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/28744. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: Mudtherapy is the use of peloide (sludge, saline slime and mud) for therapeutic purposes. Although widely used worldwide its therapeutic mechanisms are not fully understood, especially considering the different origins and compositions of the used materials. Several hypotheses have been raised in the attempt to clarify such mechanisms. Peruãbe Black Mud (PBM) has traditionally been used in the treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee, which is one of the pathologies of high prevalence and great impairment of the functional capacity of the patients, through applications of the peloid in its natural form. This study intends to verify the therapeutic efficacy of mud, after undergoing a process of decontamination and maturation in marine water, in patients with knee osteoarthritis, as well as to make a comparison between the therapeutic effects of the PBM matured and that sterilized by gamma radiation after maturation. Patients aged between 30 and 85 years, divided into two groups of 20 and 21, respectively, were followed up for a period of 15 weeks. The method of observation was the double blind. The evaluation was based on subjective information collected by the WOMAC and SF36 questionnaires as well as X-ray examinations. Simultaneously, analyzes of the chemical, radiological and microbiological composition of the PBM were carried out, aiming at a systematized knowledge of the characteristics of the peloid in relation to possible deleterious effects on human health. X-ray fluorescence, neutron activation analysis, gamma spectrometry, elemental analysis, cooling kinetics studies and reduction potential were used to perform these characterizations. The results obtained allow us to conclude that PBM presents high levels of Si and S and low levels of Ca, Mg and radioactive elements. None of the samples matured or irradiated after maturation showed contamination by total coliforms, thermally tolerant coliforms or staphyloccocus aureus. The results indicate that there was a decrease in WOMAC and SF36 questionnaire scores for patients who completed the treatment.

GOUVEA, P.F.M.; SILVA, P.S.C. Osteoarthritis clinical evaluation in patients treated with peruãbe black mud, chemical and radiological characterization and establishment of good practices protocols for the peloid obtainment and use. In: 60 YEARS OF IEA-R1: INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON UTILIZATION OF RESEARCH REACTORS, November 28 - December 01, 2017, São Paulo, SP. Abstract... São Paulo, SP: Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, 2017. p. 45-45. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/28742. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: Tree barks are considered to be a promising indicator of air pollution monitoring due to its wide distribution, simplicity of tree species identification, sampling without causing damage to the tree and easier sample treatment. Besides, the surface layers of tree barks have been considered as a potential indicator of air pollution since they retain pollutants directly from the air or from the rainwater running down the stems. In addition, bark surface is inert porous material and the absence of metabolic processes makes it almost inert in the presence of inorganic and organic substances. The aim of this study was to analyze tree barks collected in a car parking at the Nuclear and Energy Research Institute, IPEN-CNEN/SP in order to identify the origin of elements present in these samples. Barks from Sibipiruna (Poincianella pluviosa) collected at a height of 1.5m from the topsoil were cleaned using a nylon brush. Then a surface layer of 3 mm was removed using a Ti grater and ground in an agate mortar for the analyses. Instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) was applied for the determination of As, Br, Ca, Co, Cr, Fe, K, La, Na, Rb, Sb, Sc and Zn. Aliquots of the samples weighed in polyethylene involucres and synthetic standards of elements were irradiated at the IEA-R1 nuclear research reactor under a thermal neutron flux of about 4:2 1012n cm􀀀2s􀀀1 for 16h. After adequate decay times, the irradiated samples and standards were measured using a HPGe detector coupled to a Digital Spectrum Analyzer. The radionuclides in the irradiated samples were identified by half-lives and gamma ray energies. For analytical control of the results, certified reference materials (CRMs) INCT-MPH-2 Mixed Polish Herbs and IAEA 336 Lichen were analyzed. The element concentrations were calculated by comparative method. Results obtained in CRMs presented relative standard deviations and relative errors lower than 10.0% for most of elements determined. Findings of this study demonstrated that the INAA can provide reliable data for element concentrations in tree barks. Preliminary results obtained in bark samples can be used for determining elements originated from different emission sources such as vehicular, suspension of the soil and from tree bark itself.

MELO, N.Q.; SAIKI, M.; GENEZINI, F.A. Element concentration determinations in tree barks collected in a car parking. Preliminary results for biomonitoring studies. In: 60 YEARS OF IEA-R1: INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON UTILIZATION OF RESEARCH REACTORS, November 28 - December 01, 2017, São Paulo, SP. Abstract... São Paulo, SP: Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, 2017. p. 43-43. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/28740. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: Sea urchins are marine and benthic invertebrates, many of which sessile or with reduced mobility. The species Lytechinus variegatus (Lamarck, 1816) is geographically widely distributed, from North Carolina, in the United States, to the South of Brazil. The present study analysed a mixture of gonads and gut of sea urchins (20 individuals of each site) from the north coast of São Paulo, Ilhabela, in the São Sebastião Channel (contaminated region) (23.8145 S 45.3782 W) and Praia Preta – São Sebastião (control region) (23.7745 S – 45.7132 W) to verify if this species could be used as biomonitor for the studied region. After collection, the samples were dried in a ventilated oven at 40 C until constant weight. After drying, the samples were crushed and sieved in 60 mesh (0.250 mm) granulometry. The micronutrients concentration (Ca, Fe, K, Na, Se e Zn) and trace elements (As, Ba, Br, Co, Cr, Rb, Sb e Sc) were determined by Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis (INAA). Methodology validation was carried out by means of certified reference materials analyses such as: Oyster Tissue (NIST – 1566b), Mussel Tissue (NIST SRM – 2976), Peach Leaves (NIST SRM – 1547) and were validated by Z-Score, |Z| < 3 in 95% confidence interval (C.I.) For preliminary statistical analysis, a normality test (p > 0.05) and Grubbs test were performed for outlier detection (p < 0.05, C.I. 95%) . The preliminary results showed that the elements Cs, Cr, Sc and presented a higher concentration in the contaminated point and the elements As, Br, Co, Fe and Se, in the control point (C.I. 95%, test-t for independent samples). These are the preliminary results and Multivariate Statistical Analysis will be applied to the results.

Palavras-Chave: neutron activation analysis; elements; environmental exposure; iron; nutrition; radiation monitoring; sea urchins; trace amounts; zinc,aersenic; cesium; calcium; chromium; contamination; brazil

ALVES, M.B.; EMERENCIANO, A.K.; BORDON, I.C.A.C.; SILVA, J.R.M.C.; FAVARO, D.I.T. Biomonitoring evaluation for some toxic and trace elements in sea urchins species Lytechinus variegatus (Lamarck, 1816) in marine environment: São Paulo Northern Coast (Brazil). In: 60 YEARS OF IEA-R1: INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON UTILIZATION OF RESEARCH REACTORS, November 28 - December 01, 2017, São Paulo, SP. Abstract... São Paulo, SP: Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, 2017. p. 41-41. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/28738. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: Bismuth tri-iodide (BiI3) is an attractive material for using as a semiconductor. The behavior of semiconductor devices is strongly influenced by the presence of impurities or contaminants remaining due to incomplete purification of the semiconductor material. BiI3 has emerged as a particularly interesting material in view of its wide band gap (1.7eV), large density (5.7g/cm3), high atomic number elements (Z=68) and high resistivity (>109 cm). The BiI3 crystals have been grown by the vertical Bridgman technique using commercially available powder. In this case, the BiI3 powder was purified three times and, at each purification, the crystal was evaluated by systematic measurements of reduction of impurities, crystalline structure, stoichiometry and surface morphology. The purification efficiency was assessed by analyzing the crystals, through Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis (INAA). INAA is the elemental analysis method usually chosen for these projects because of some features such as: small amount of sample available, minimal sample handling and high sensitivity for many elements. The analyzed crystals came from the impurity reduction process occurred after each purification by the Repeated Vertical Bridgman method. The results showed that INAA was a special analytical technique to identify and quantify the impurities (Ag, As, Br, Cr, K, Mo, Na and Sb) in the BiI3 crystals and to evaluate the reduction of the trace impurities, after each purification step.

ARMELIN, M.J.A.; FERRAZ, C.M.; HAMADA, M. Performance of neutron activation analysis in the evaluation of bismuth iodide purification methodology. In: 60 YEARS OF IEA-R1: INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON UTILIZATION OF RESEARCH REACTORS, November 28 - December 01, 2017, São Paulo, SP. Abstract... São Paulo, SP: Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, 2017. p. 39-39. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/28736. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: Taiaçupeba reservoir, located in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, belongs to Producer System of Alto Tietê (Sistema Produtor Alto Tietê –SPAT) and it is responsible for water supply for about 3.1 million of people. The water quality of a reservoir became very important in the last decades due to the increase of environmental degradation of the soil and its several uses. Trace and major elements can accumulate in high levels in soil and sediment, and the study of its concentration can indicate if the ecosystem is polluted. Therefore, the study of soil profiles and sediment cores are an important tool for the understanding of geophysical and geochemical aspects of aquatic ecosystems. The objective of this work was to present the elements As, Ba, Br, Ca, Ce, Co, Cr, Cs, Eu, Fe, Hf, K, La, Lu, Na, Nd, Rb, Sb, Sc, Ta, Tb, Th, U, Yb and Zn concentrations using Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis (INAA) in four soil profiles and four sediment cores collected in the influence area of Taiaçupeba reservoir. To verify if these elements could be enriched and the ecosystem polluted the Enrichment Factor and the Geoacumulation Index were also used. Soil profiles were collected in trenches up to 2m deep and sampled every 5 cm; in the laboratory the samples were dried at room temperature. The sediment samples were collected with a manual PVC sampler sliced every 2 cm or according to their textural characteristics, and dried in an oven at 50 C; the length of the sediment cores ranged from 42 cm to 61 cm. After drying, soil and sediment samples were sieved in a 2 mm mesh and packed in polyethylene bottles for INAA. The elements Na, As and Sb presented the highest values for both soil and sediment samples, implying in continuous, regular and spatial monitoring of the reservoir. One sediment core presented a very high concentration of the element Zn when compared to the values of the Upper Continental Crust, indicating a possible anthropic contribution from the region’s industries and classifying the reservoir as extremely polluted in relation to this element. In the evaluation of the enrichment factor it was concluded that the soil presented very high enrichment for the elements Na, As and Sb and the sediment presented very severe enrichment for the elements Na, As and Zn.

LEONARDO, L.; SOUZA, J.M.; DAMATTO, S.R.; SURKOV, A.M.; MADUAR, M.F.; SILVA, A.R. Inorganic chemical characterization of the soil and sediment from Taiaçupeba Reservoir, São Paulo. In: 60 YEARS OF IEA-R1: INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON UTILIZATION OF RESEARCH REACTORS, November 28 - December 01, 2017, São Paulo, SP. Abstract... São Paulo, SP: Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, 2017. p. 37-38. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/28734. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: In Brazil, the consumption of phytotherapics has become very popular due to the vast biodiversity of the immense flora, to the belief that plants that are of natural origin are safe and without side effects. Besides phytotherapics, in general, are cheaper than synthetic products. The objective of this study is to evaluate the elemental concentrations in phytotherapics of the plants Maytenus ilicifolia, also known as Holly or "Espinheira Santa", and Solanum melongena, known as Eggplant. The analysis of the elemental composition of phitotherapics is of great importance since these products may contain toxic or essential elements above of the safe limits for human consumption. The determinations also may be used to study the correlation the presence of some elements with their therapeutic effects. The phytotherapics samples were acquired in drug stores in São Paulo city and they were in powder form placed in capsules. Their elemental concentrations were determined by Neutron Activation Analysis (NAA) method. Aliquots of the samples and synthetic elemental standards were irradiated at the IEA-R1 nuclear reactor with thermal neutron flux of about 4.24 1012 n cm􀀀2 s􀀀1 during 16h. After adequate decay times, the irradiated samples and standards were measured using a HGe detector coupled to a gamma ray spectrometer. The radionuclides were identified by the gamma rays energies and the half- lives. Concentrations of the elements were calculated by comparative method. For quality control of the results, the certified reference material INCT-MPH-2 Mixed Polish Herbs was analyzed. Elements Br, Ca, Cr, Cs, Co, Fe, K, La, Rb, Sb, Sc, Se and Zn were determined in this study. Results obtained in the certified reference material showed a good agreement with the certified values. The variation (Relative Standard Deviation) of the contents of each capsule was of 6.1% for "Espinheira Santa" sample, and of 5.6% for Eggplant. This result indicates that the sample of "Espinheira Santa" phytotherapic presented more homogeneous in terms of mass of the contents in each capsule than that of Eggplant. In the phytotherapics, the elements Ca and K were found at the percentage levels, the elements Br, Fe, Rb and Zn at the g/g and the Co, Cr, Cs, La, Sb and Sc at the ng/g level. In the Eggplant phytotherapic, the element As was found but at very low concentration of ng/g.

PEREIRA, L.M.; SAIKI, M. Neutron activation analysis of phytotherapics of Maytenus ilicifolia and Solanum melongena plants. In: 60 YEARS OF IEA-R1: INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON UTILIZATION OF RESEARCH REACTORS, November 28 - December 01, 2017, São Paulo, SP. Abstract... São Paulo, SP: Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, 2017. p. 35-36. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/28732. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: Assessing the homogeneity is one of the critical steps in the process of preparing and certifying a reference material (RM). One of the parameters that must be estimated is the minimum sample intake for which the material remains homogeneous, that is, that the concentration and uncertainty values present in the certificate continue to be valid. In general, the Certified Reference Materials (CRM) producers establish a minimum sample intake of 200mg, estimated in a conservative way, and useful for classical analytical methods that use sample masses greater than this value. From the appearance of analytical techniques that use less sample quantities, such as ICP, it became increasingly important to be able to clearly estimate which is the real minimum sample intake of the RM. The present work describes the micro-homogeneity study of a bovine kidney candidate reference material. In order to obtain an estimate of the minimum sample intake amount, assays were performed to determine the Kurfurst constant (HE), a parameter used for this purpose by several authors. Measurements should be carried out using a method that allows analyzing a low sample quantity, with good accuracy and low uncertainty. In this work was used Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis, INAA, a reference technique for the evaluation of the degree of homogeneity of RM. Ten sub-samples of approximately 1mg were analyzed to evaluate the HE for the elements Cl, K, Mn and Na, and ten sub-samples of approximately 2mg to evaluate the HE for Co, Fe, Mg, Se and Zn. Results obtained for HE in all the analyzed elements were satisfactory. The estimated minimum sample intake was between 1mg and 50mg, depending of the element.

CASTRO, L.; MOREIRA, E.G.; VASCONCELLOS, M.B.A. Micro-homogeneity evaluation of a bovine kidney candidate reference material. In: 60 YEARS OF IEA-R1: INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON UTILIZATION OF RESEARCH REACTORS, November 28 - December 01, 2017, São Paulo, SP. Abstract... São Paulo, SP: Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, 2017. p. 34-34. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/28730. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: Water is an indispensable molecule for the existence of life, thus several studies analyze both their chemical composition and biological and radiological. There is a greater concern about mineral waters, since they tend to be consumed even as a therapeutic form, originating the study of crenotherapy. Currently there are several analytical techniques for the determination of elements in water and one that can be used is the neutron activation analysis, which consists of a technique that forms radioactive isotopes by means of reactions that occur in the nucleus of the atoms, thus allowing simultaneous determination of various chemical element concentrations. In addition to being a sensitive and reliable method, it is free of sample destruction. The method can be used either in samples in their solid or liquid form. The mineral water, according to Decree Law No. 7.841 of 08.08.1945 is defined as: "Mineral waters are those from natural or artificially collected sources that have chemical composition or physical or physico-chemical properties distinct from common waters with characteristics that give them a medication action". In addition to chemical composition, these waters may be classified by other physical chemical characteristics, such as temperature and gases; they are also studied in the field of medicine. The objective of this study was to determine the concentration of the elements As, Ba, Br, Ca, Ce, Co, Cr, Cs, Eu, Fe, Hf, K, La, Lu, Na, Nd, Rb, Sb, Sc, Se, Sm, Ta, Tb, Th, U, Yb and Zn in the mineral waters from Parque das Águas of Cambuquira, springs Gasosa I, II and III, Férrea, Magnesiana, Litinada and Marimbeiro springs 1, 2 and 3, both parks located in the city of Cambuquira, MG. Parque das Águas of Marimbeiro is located 3km from the center of the city of Cambuquira; the parks are managed by the CODEMIG. A sample of a mineral water spring was also collected from a private property open to the population, near to the park of Cambuquira and called the spring of Laranjal or Dico. The samples for the autumn sampling of 2016 were analyzed, for which the results obtained showed that in the mineral waters of the parks Cambuquira and Marimbeiro was determined the elements Na and Ca, which are expected elements since an important characteristic of fresh waters is that they have an identity of the inorganic ions. This characteristic may be linked to the salts of these ions being moderately soluble, thus facilitating their mobilization in aqueous medium. Also determined in the waters were the elements Zn, Co, Fe and rare earth elements such as Sm and La.

SANTOS, L.A.B.; SHIGASI, A.; DAMATTO, S.R. Use of INAA technique in mineral water samples from the Parque das Águas of Cambuquira and Marimbeiro. In: 60 YEARS OF IEA-R1: INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON UTILIZATION OF RESEARCH REACTORS, November 28 - December 01, 2017, São Paulo, SP. Abstract... São Paulo, SP: Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, 2017. p. 32-32. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/28728. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: This study proposes the application of Eichhornia crassipes biomass, abundant in the dams of São Paulo state, to remove metallic ions from solution, aiming its application to effluent treatment. The efficiency of adsorption was tested by the Zn, Fe, Cr, Co removal from solutions containing these elements. The plants, for biomass production, were collected at the Billings reservoir in São Bernardo do Campo, located in the Southeast of São Paulo Metropolitan Region. After collection, the plants were washed and dried in a ventilated oven from 60 C to 70 C, crushed and passed through a 150 m sieve. The biomass thus obtained was subjected to the chemical activation process by the treatment with 0.1 mol L􀀀1 solution of HCl and 0.1 mol 􀀀1 of NaOH in order to increase its surface area. The tests indicated that the treatment with HCl was the most effective and this was used in the preparation of the biomass for the adsorption tests of the metallic ions. The adsorption tests were carried out, at first, to verify the effect of the pH and the contact time between the sample and the adsorbent in the adsorption process. The concentrations of Zn, Fe, Cr and Co, present in the solution, before and after the treatment, were determined by the instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) technique. For this determination the samples were irradiated for 8 hours at the IEA-R1 reactor at IPEN. The concentrations were determined by comparing the peak area of the samples and that of the reference materials irradiated together with the samples.

OLIVEIRA, J.A.S.; SILVA, P.S.C. Use of macrophites for removal of metals in liquid effluents, using instrumental neutron activation analysis. In: 60 YEARS OF IEA-R1: INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON UTILIZATION OF RESEARCH REACTORS, November 28 - December 01, 2017, São Paulo, SP. Abstract... São Paulo, SP: Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, 2017. p. 30-31. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/28726. Acesso em: $DATA.

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Abstract: In the therapeutic treatments involving clays, they are used in mud form also called peloids and are obtained by maturation process. Peloid is a natural product consisting of a mixture of solid phase (inorganic and organic materials) with a liquid phase (mineralU medicinal, salt lake or sea water). The maturation process occurs during the interaction of the solid and liquid phases that can vary up to many months. The peloids can be applied to different parts of the body or on the whole body by means of masks and poultices, or even by bathing the body partially or totally, for therapeutic or cosmetic purposes. This study proposes to characterize the elemental composition of the peloids artificially obtained by the maturation process of mixing bentonite with minero-medicinal water from Águas de Lindóia (SP). For this procedure, bentonite samples were left in contact with running water for three months, after this, they were collected, dried, transferred to a mortar, crushed and irradiated in the IEAR1 reactor at IPEN, together with certified reference materials, to be analyzed by neutron activation analysis. The irradiation occurs at a neutron flux of 1012 cm􀀀2 s􀀀1, during 8 hours and the induced activity were measured by gamma spectrometry.

TORRECILHA, J.K.; SILVA, P.S.C. Bentonite maturation with "Águas De Lindóia" water (Sp). In: 60 YEARS OF IEA-R1: INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON UTILIZATION OF RESEARCH REACTORS, November 28 - December 01, 2017, São Paulo, SP. Abstract... São Paulo, SP: Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, 2017. p. 29-29. Disponível em: http://repositorio.ipen.br/handle/123456789/28724. Acesso em: $DATA.

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