Reposiório IPEN: Recent submissions

  • IPEN-DOC 24545

    ALVES, I.C. ; GOUVEA, P.F.M. ; SILVA, P.S.C. . Chemical characterization of the clay deposit known as peruvian black mud. In: 60 YEARS OF IEA-R1: INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON UTILIZATION OF RESEARCH REACTORS, November 28 - December 01, 2017, São Paulo, SP. Abstract... São Paulo, SP: Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, 2017. p. 28-29.

    Abstract: In Peruíbe city, state of São Paulo, the largest continuous natural deposit of clay in the world can be found, containing of a material popularly known as Peruíbe Black Mud (PBM). This deposit has 83 thousand tons with a depth of 75m, distributed in 5 hectares, making the municipality a tourist point. This sludge is characterized by large amounts of fine particles, high organic matter content, high sulfite reducing bacteria content and a consequent high ion reduction potential; it is used in psoriasis, peripheral dermatitis, acne and seborrhea treatments, as well as in myalgias, arthritis and non-rheumatic joint processes. Ten samples of the in natura mud were collected along the deposit, in depth ranging from 1 to 1.5m and also 6 samples that were matured with see water, with the objective of verifying the homogeneity of the chemical composition through the evaluation of its elemental content, for the physical-chemical characterization, measurements of pH, moisture, organic matter and loss on ignition were made. The elemental concentrations were determined by neutron activation analysis. In these measurements approximately 100mg of sample were irradiated together with certified reference materials, for a period of 8 hours under a neutron flux in the order of 1012 n cm􀀀2 s􀀀1. The activities were determined by gamma spectrometry using high-purity Ge detectors. Both, in natura and maturated samples presented similar coefficient of variation for most of the elements, with Ca, Co, Cr, Cs, Fe, La, Th and U having a coefficient of variation lower than 30%, the elements As, Sm, Tb, Zn and Zr presented a coefficient of variation between 30 and 60% and the elements K, Nd, Sb, Se, Tb and Yb presented the highest coefficients of variation, above 60%.

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  • IPEN-DOC 24544

    SOUZA, E.S. ; SILVA, P.S.C. . Cobalt adsorption in kaolinite. In: 60 YEARS OF IEA-R1: INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON UTILIZATION OF RESEARCH REACTORS, November 28 - December 01, 2017, São Paulo, SP. Abstract... São Paulo, SP: Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, 2017. p. 28-28.

    Abstract: The adsorption process has been used as an efficient method for the removal of metallic ions from effluents. In this work, it is presented the studies to evaluate the adsorption capacity of Co in kaolinite, a low cost adsorbent, aiming at the removal of this ion from aqueous solutions. The specific surface area (S) was analyzed in 25 samples prepared in different ways: kaolinite, bentonite and activated carbon and, mixtures of kaolinite-bentonite and kaolinite-activated carbon. These mixtures were prepared by adding to kaolinite 10, 20, 30, 40 or 50% of activated charcoal or bentonite. Samples of kaolinite-activated charcoal mixture and raw kaolinite were also calcined at 600 and 1000 C for 4h. The adsorption parameters investigated for these adsorbents were: contact time, pH, solute initial concentration, ionic competition and ionic strength. It was found that the optimized contact time and pH, for the purpose of this work, were 30 min and pH 6. Under these conditions the cobalt ion removal efficiency was greater than 80%. It was verified that the presence of Cr and Zn ions, as well as the increase in ionic strength caused a decrease in the adsorption capacity of Co in the adsorbent mixture. The Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms presented R2 equal to 0.906 and 0.597, respectively. The parameters determined by these isotherms indicated a spontaneous process, i.e., energetically favorable, for the adsorption of Co under the conditions that this work was carried out.

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  • IPEN-DOC 24543

    SANTOS, E.C. ; SAIKI, M. . Air pollution assessment using tree barks as biomonitors. In: 60 YEARS OF IEA-R1: INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON UTILIZATION OF RESEARCH REACTORS, November 28 - December 01, 2017, São Paulo, SP. Abstract... São Paulo, SP: Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, 2017. p. 27-27.

    Abstract: Tree barks are considered to be a promising indicator of air pollution monitoring, because of its accumulation of aerosol particles, simplicity of arboreal species identification and its wide geographical distribution. In this study, barks from Sibipiruna (Caesalpinia peltophoroides) and Tipuana (Tipuana tipu) tree species were collected in different sites in the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo (MRSP) and from two small cities considered as control sites located far from MRSP. The bark samples collected were cleaned and ground for the element analyses. Neutron activation analysis (NAA) was applied for the determination of As, Br, Ca, Cd, Cl, Co, Cr, Cs, Fe, K, La, Mg, Mn, Ni, Rb, Sb, Sc, V and Zn and graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GF AAS) for Cd, Cu and Pb determinations. Results obtained for samples collected in different sampling sites in the MRSP presented wide variability due to the different pollutants levels that each tree was exposed to. In general, barks from trees located close to high vehicular traffic presented high As, Cd, Pb, Sb and Zn concentrations. The principal components analysis (PCA) was applied to identify sources associated with tree bark element concentrations and according to PCA, 80.97% of the results variance could be explained by four components. The possible origins of these elements were soil resuspension plus vehicular emission, industry, marine aerosols and the tree bark structure itself. The calculated enrichment factors indicated that all the elements originated from anthropic sources, with the exception of Cs. In addition, the enrichment of the elements in tree barks was higher in the MRSP than that from enrichment of barks collected from control sampling sites, indicating that the different levels of vehicular traffic may influence the enrichment of the elements. Despite the different pollution levels, the PCA indicated that there are no significant differences between MRSP and control sites with regards to emission characteristics, probably due to the control sites being located in urban areas. The analytical control of the results was checked by analyzing certified reference materials and the results indicated that NAA and GF AAS provided reliable data for element concentrations with standardized differences, |Z score| < 2.

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  • IPEN-DOC 24542

    MOREIRA, E.G. ; MAIHARA, V.A. ; CASTRO, L. ; VASCONCELLOS, M.B.A. . Preparation of biological reference materials at LAN – IPEN – CNEN/SP. In: 60 YEARS OF IEA-R1: INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON UTILIZATION OF RESEARCH REACTORS, November 28 - December 01, 2017, São Paulo, SP. Abstract... São Paulo, SP: Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, 2017. p. 26-27.

    Abstract: Three biological reference materials were prepared to be used in interlaboratory programs and/or proficiency tests, as well as, for calibration of analytical instruments and validation of analytical methods for environmental trace elements: A Perna perna mussel reference material was produced and certified by means of an interlaboratory comparison. The material was designed as a quality assurance tool for element biomonitoring studies along the Brazilian seashore. For the preparation of the Brazilian mussel reference material, 164kg of Perna perna (Linnaeus, 1758) mussels were purchased from a single producer, from Cocanha Beach in Caraguatatuba City, São Paulo State North Shore where mussels are cultivated by the longline system. After cleaning, freeze-drying and homogenization, the mussel samples were packed in 171 bottles and, the material was irradiated with a gamma ray dose of 5 kGy to enhance its stability. The certified mass fraction values and associated expanded uncertainties were obtained for Al, As, Ca, Cd, Cl, Co, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, Se, Th and Zn at the certification campaign. A fish tissue reference material was produced in the context of an International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) project aiming analytical quality improvement for laboratories of the Latin American and Caribbean region. Whitemouth croake (Micropogonias furnieri), known as corvina, was the chosen species due to its low cost and high consumption in Latin America countries. For preparation, about 300kg of fish was collected and only the edible parts were used. After adequate processing, the fish material was bottled in 534 bottles with approximately 25g each. The reference values and associated expanded uncertainty (k = 2) were established for As, Cd, Cu, Fe, K, Mn, Na, Se and Zn; Finally, a bovine kidney reference material to be used in the quality control of meat products was prepared using 35 kg of fresh bovine kidney from cattle reared under controlled feeding conditions. The preparation resulted in a final batch of 175 flasks. It was possible to assign values to 20 elements with their respective uncertainties, being 9 certified values (As, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Se and Zn), 10 indicative values (Br, Ca, Cd, Cl, Co, Cs, Hf, Mo, P and Rb) and 1 as additional information (Hg). All the three reference material production projects took advantage of the unique metrological properties of Instrumental Activation Analysis (INAA) not only in the certification process but also in the homogeneity and stability assessment following ISO Guide 30 series recommendations.

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  • IPEN-DOC 24541

    WAKASUGI, D.S.M. ; SHIGASI, A. ; DAMATTO, S.R. . Trace elements determined in mineral waters using INAA from Parque das Águas de Lambari and Contendas. In: 60 YEARS OF IEA-R1: INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON UTILIZATION OF RESEARCH REACTORS, November 28 - December 01, 2017, São Paulo, SP. Abstract... São Paulo, SP: Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, 2017. p. 25-26.

    Abstract: Mineral water, according to the Brazilian Law N 7.841 of August 8, 1945, "are those from natural springs or springs artificially captured that have chemical composition or physical or physicochemical properties other than ordinary waters, with characteristics that give them a drug action". In this same law, mineral waters can be classified according to their chemical composition in: oligomineral, radiferous, alkaline-bicarbonated, alkalineearthy, sulfated, sulphurous, nitrated, chlorinated, ferruginous, radioactive, thorioactive and carbogasous. In several Brazilian hydromineral resorts, springs of radioactive mineral water are commercially exploited and are consumed by the population that believes this practice is beneficial. For example, in thermal parks like Caxambu, Cambuquira, São Lourenço and Lambari (MG), the waters of the various springs are used for human consumption and are often associated with medicinal use, like diuretic and cathartic waters (with properties of cleaning, purification, facilitating hepato-biliary functions and stimulating intestinal function directly or indirectly), and waters with antiphlogistic properties (anti-inflammatory). Therefore, due to the recommendation of these waters as a form of treatment spent in spas, the present work was developed in Centro de Radiometria Ambiental – IPEN, with the aid of those responsible for the spas of Lambari and Águas de Contendas and, with the objective to perform an inorganic chemical characterization of the mineral waters of Parque das Águas of Lambari and Águas de Contendas. Samples of mineral waters were analyzed in duplicates and concentrated from 500 mL. The samples were irradiated at the IPEN Research Reactor IEA-R1, for a period of 6h under a thermal neutron flux of 1012 n cm􀀀2s􀀀1. In the samples of mineral waters of the Parque das Águas of Águas de Contendas the elements Ca, Co, Fe, Hf, K, Na, Rb, Sb, Sc, Th, Zn, La and Sm were found. Similarly, in the Parque das Águas of Lambari the elements Ca, Co, Fe, K, Na, Rb, Sb, Sc, Zn, La and Sm were found. The analysis of the samples of these water parks evidenced that the elements of greatest occurrence were La and Co.

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  • IPEN-DOC 24540

    SILVA, D.P. ; MOREIRA, E.G. . Homogeneity study on biological candidate reference materials: the role of neutron activation analysis. In: 60 YEARS OF IEA-R1: INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON UTILIZATION OF RESEARCH REACTORS, November 28 - December 01, 2017, São Paulo, SP. Abstract... São Paulo, SP: Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, 2017. p. 25-25.

    Abstract: Instrumental Neutron activation Analysis (INAA) is a mature nuclear analytical technique able to accurately determine chemical elements without the need of sample digestion and, hence, without the associated problems of analyte loss or contamination. This feature, along with its potentiality use as a primary method of analysis, makes it an important tool for the characterization of new references materials and in the assessment of their homogeneity status. In this study, the ability of the comparative method of INAA for the within-bottle homogeneity of K, Mg, Mn and V in a mussel reference material was investigated. Method parameters, such as irradiation time, sample decay time and distance from sample to the detector were varied in order to allow element determination in subsamples of different sample masses in duplicate. Sample masses were in the range of 1 to 250 mg and the limitations of the detection limit for small sample masses and dead time distortions for large sample masses were investigated.

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  • IPEN-DOC 24539

    ALBUQUERQUE, C.R. ; MAIHARA, V.A. ; ALVES, C.B.L. ; SILVA, P.S.C. . Seaweeds as source of the essential elements. In: 60 YEARS OF IEA-R1: INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON UTILIZATION OF RESEARCH REACTORS, November 28 - December 01, 2017, São Paulo, SP. Abstract... São Paulo, SP: Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, 2017. p. 24-24.

    Abstract: Overtime, seaweeds have been used as a food mainly due to their high nutritional value. This type of food is considered as functional food and contributes to the nutritional human requirements, being beneficial to human health. In this study, 13 edible seaweed samples acquired in the market of São Paulo city were analyzed and the concentrations of elements K, Mg, Mn and Na were determined by Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis (INAA). The following edible seaweeds were analyzed: Nori (Porphyra umbilicates); Hijiki (Hijikia fusiforme); Kombu (Laminaria sp.) and Wakame (Undaria pinnatifida) species from China, USA, Japan and South Korea. For the Cl, K, Mg, Mn and Na determination by INAA, about 0.100 g of the seaweed samples were irradiated for 20 seconds in a thermal neutron flux of 1.0 1012 n cm􀀀2s􀀀1 in a pneumatic station of the nuclear research reactor IEA-R1 at IPEN – CNEN/SP. Primary Cl, K, Mg, Mn and Na standards and Mixed Polish Herb (MPH) from the Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology – INCT (Poland) certified reference material were simultaneously irradiated with the samples for standardization and quality control purposes. In this study, a large variability can be observed among the seaweed species in relation to their Cl, K, Mg, Mn and Na content. For the same species, the larger variability was found for Mn in the Porphyra umbilicates samples. However, Hijikia fusiforme, Undaria Pinnatifida and Laminaria sp. samples collected from different countries showed similar levels of the Mg, Mn, Na and K elements. According to the literature the consumption of food with a high Na/K ratio quotient may cause high blood pressure as shown in experiment with rats. In this study the Na/K ratios are low, about 0.30 to Porphyra umbilicates, Hijikia fusiforme and Laminaria sp. On the other hand, the Na/K ratio was high to Undaria pinnatifida, circa of the 20-fold than the other analyzed seaweeds.

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  • IPEN-DOC 24538

    PEREZ, C. ; SANTOS, E.C. ; SAIKI, M. . Establishing adequate conditions for mercury determination in environmental samples by INAA. In: 60 YEARS OF IEA-R1: INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON UTILIZATION OF RESEARCH REACTORS, November 28 - December 01, 2017, São Paulo, SP. Abstract... São Paulo, SP: Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, 2017. p. 23-23.

    Abstract: Mercury (Hg) is a toxic element released into the environment by various atrophic activities. Consequently, the improvement of analytical methods for Hg determination in environmental samples is of great interest. Instumental Neutron Activation Analysis (INAA) is considered an adequate technique to determine several elements. However, Hg determination by INAA is often hampered by its volatility, which causes losses. The aim of this study was to establish adequate conditions for Hg determination in environmental samples by INAA. The following parameters were evaluated: the irradiation time, polyethylene capsule or envelope for irradiation and spectral interferences caused by other elements present in the samples. For the study, four certified reference materials (CRMs) were analyzed: INCT M-4 CormTis Comorant Tissue, IAEA-085 Methylmercury, Total Mercury and Other Trace Elements in Human Hair, NRC DOLT-3 Dogfish liver certified reference material for trace metals and BCR 186 Trace elements in lyophilized pig kidney. Aliquots of these materials were irradiated together with Hg synthetic standard in the IEA-R1 nuclear research reactor. The Hg synthetic standard was prepared by pipetting aliquots of Hg standard solution and thioacetamide solution into filter paper sheets or into polyethylene capsules. The thermal neutron flux utilized was about 4.6 1012 n cm􀀀2 s􀀀1 and the irradiation times were of 1 and 8h. The gamma activities of the samples and standard were measured using a Ge detector coupled to a digital spectrum analyzer. Hg was identified by the photopeaks of 77.34 keV of 197Hg and 279.20 keV of 203Hg. Results obtained in this study indicated that the Hg impurities present in polyethylene envelopes are negligible. The gamma ray activities of Hg standards measured for different decay times indicated that there is no Hg loss after irradiation. Results obtained in the analysis of CRMs indicated that the adequate irradiation time is of 1h, since long irradiations of 8h indicated the increase of spectral interferences such as 198Au, 75Se and 24Na. The quality control of Hg results, obtained in the CRMs using 1h of irradiation, indicated good precision and accuracy with |Z score| < 2. The experimental conditions established in this study were applied to tree bark samples. Detection limits for Hg of these analyses were about 0.14 g g􀀀1 and 1.9 g g􀀀1, for the photopeaks of 197Hg and 203Hg, respectively.

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  • IPEN-DOC 24537

    THEOPHILO, C.Y.S. ; FIGUEIRA, R.C.L.; COLABUONO, F.I.; MOREIRA, E.G. . Study on the element concentration on seabirds feathers by instrumental neutron activation analysis. In: 60 YEARS OF IEA-R1: INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON UTILIZATION OF RESEARCH REACTORS, November 28 - December 01, 2017, São Paulo, SP. Abstract... São Paulo, SP: Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, 2017. p. 22-22.

    Abstract: Physical, chemical and biological variations are intrinsic characteristics of the ecosystems, so their conservation and management depend essentially on the correct interpretation of such modifications and their effects on the fauna and flora. Considering the global scene of economic development, these studies are becoming increasingly necessary. Nowadays seabirds are one of the most threatened vertebrate groups due to the impact on the ocean caused by human actions. They are sensitive to changes in the environment and this is one of the main reasons they are commonly used to monitor ocean pollution. Procellariiformes is a seabird order, composed of 4 families, and in the last decades several countries with important breeding and feeding areas have shown interest in the conservation of these birds and have invested in research and actions that reduce the mortality of albatrosses and petrels caused by human actions. One of these initiatives was the creation of the Agreement on the Conservation of Albatrosses and Petrels (ACAP), which Brazil has been a signatory since 2001. ACAP is an international agreement that includes countries that are legally obliged to take long-term actions to ensure the conservation of various species of albatrosses and petrels. Thus, Brazilian researchers, with government support, have developed a National Plan for the Conservation of Albatrosses and Petrels (Planacap), which aims to characterize threats to this group of birds and prioritize actions for these species conservation. Among the actions suggested for conservation are the continuous monitoring of populations, permanent research in the main reproductive colonies and the study of dispersion and migration of the species. Due to the great importance of these birds and the developed work with Procellariiformes, this study purpose quantify the Br, Cl, Cu, K, Mg, Mn, Na and V elements in White-chinned Petrel (Procellaria aequinoctialis) and Blackbrowed Albatross (Thalassarche melanophris) feathers. Bird specimens were killed accidentally by pelagic longline fisheries operating off southern Brazil. From these birds, different tissues were collected, among them, the feathers used in this study. Feathers were cleaned with acetone and then milled in a cryogenic mill. Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis (INAA) was used for quantification of the element concentrations and measurements of induced activities were performed in a HPGe detector for gamma ray spectrometry. The results obtained from the analyzes of the White-chinned Petrel and Black-browed Albatross feathers were compared to the concentrations found in other seabirds species and between this two species, in order to collaborate with studies already done for the conservation and monitoring of this seabirds group.

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  • IPEN-DOC 24536

    LANGE, C.N. ; FIGUEIREDO, A.M.G. ; ENZWEILER, J.; MONTEIRO, L.R. . Potentially toxic elements downward mobility in an impounded vehicle scrapyard. In: 60 YEARS OF IEA-R1: INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON UTILIZATION OF RESEARCH REACTORS, November 28 - December 01, 2017, São Paulo, SP. Abstract... São Paulo, SP: Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, 2017. p. 21-21.

    Abstract: Pollution from vehicle in parking areas has become a challenge mainly in urban centers. In Brazil impounded vehicle scrapyards (IVS) are often overcrowded and may pose a source of potentially toxic elements (PTEs). Recently Lange et al. (2016) have evaluated PTEs mass fraction on topsoil (0.2m) in an IVS at Ribeirao Pires city (23 42’8" S 46 25’34" W) which lies 29km southwest of São Paulo city, in southwest of Brazil. The authors observed hot spots for most elements suggesting vehicular source. This IVS terrain was filled with soil mixed with demolition waste, such as brick, tiles, steel, wood, plastic, glass, asphalt fragments, rubbers and also auto parts pieces. Since 90’s, this IVS is operational and, before the filling, no evaluation on PTEs soil distribution by depth was performed. Therefore, many doubts concerning PTEs downward mobiliy lay in this site. The aim of this study is to evaluate if PTEs indeed moved through the soil depth and if so what are PTE’s concentration in groundwater, since this site has a permeable surface and vehicles are parked directly on topsoil. Three monitoring wells were installed. Nine samples were collected in plastic liners: four in PM1, three in PM2 and two in PM3. Groundwater was sampled using a low flow peristaltic pump and pH, electrical conductivity, redox potential and temperature were measured with a multiparameter probe. Neutron activation analysis was employed to determine PTEs in soil samples, and ICP-MS was the analytical technique for groundwater analysis. The obtained values were compared with literature data from Brazil and other regions around the world, as so with recommended values from environmental regulatory agencies. Although the obtained results have indicated some PTEs enrichment in the distinct soil layers, these elements did not reach groundwater, according to present evaluation.

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  • IPEN-DOC 24535

    MIRANDA, C.S. ; FUNGARO, D.A. ; SILVA, P.S.C. ; CAMPELLO, F.A. ; IZIDORO, J.C. . Evaluation of radionuclide contamination of soil, coal ash and zeolitic materials from figueira thermoelectric power plant. In: 60 YEARS OF IEA-R1: INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON UTILIZATION OF RESEARCH REACTORS, November 28 - December 01, 2017, São Paulo, SP. Abstract... São Paulo, SP: Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, 2017. p. 20-20.

    Abstract: Neutron activation analysis and gamma-ray spectrometry were used to determine 238U, 226Ra, 228Ra, 210Pb, 232Th and 40K contents in feed pulverized coal, bottom ash, fly ash from cyclone and baghouse filters, zeolites synthesized from the ashes and two different soil samples. All the samples used in the study were collected at Figueira thermoelectric power plant, located in the city of Figueira, Parana State, where coal presents a significant amount of uranium concentration. The natural radionuclide concentrations in pulverized coal were 4216 Bq kg􀀀1 for 238U, 180 Bq kg􀀀1 for 226Ra, 27 Bq kg􀀀1 for 228Ra, 28 Bq kg􀀀1 for 232Th and 192 Bq kg􀀀1 for 40K. The ashes fraction presented concentrations ranging from 683.5 to 1479 Bq kg􀀀1 for 238U, from 484 to 1086 Bq kg􀀀1 for 226Ra, from 291 to 1891 Bq kg􀀀1 for 210Pb, from 67 to 111 Bq kg􀀀1 for 228Ra, from 80 to 87 Bq kg􀀀1 for 232Th and from 489 to 718 Bq kg􀀀1 for 40K. Similar ranges were observed for zeolites. The activity concentration of 238U was higher than worldwide average concentration for all samples. The concentration of the uranium series found in the ashes were lower than the values observed in similar studies carried out 10 years ago and under the limit adopted by the Brazilian guideline (CNEN-NN-4.01). Nevertheless, the concentrations in this specific area are higher than in other coal mine and thermoelectric power plants in and out of Brazil, so it is advisable to evaluate the environmental impact of the installation.

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  • IPEN-DOC 24534

    TAPPIZ, B. ; MOREIRA, E.G. . Neutron activation analysis characterization procedures for fish consumed at São Paulo City. In: 60 YEARS OF IEA-R1: INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON UTILIZATION OF RESEARCH REACTORS, November 28 - December 01, 2017, São Paulo, SP. Abstract... São Paulo, SP: Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, 2017. p. 19-20.

    Abstract: The characterization of edible tissues of fishes consumed by humans is very important for determination of several toxic and potentially toxic elements, ensuring the food safety. The Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis (INAA) comparative method allows the determination of several of these elements, as well as others, for example of nutritional character. This study is part of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) technical cooperation project of Latin America and Caribbean countries to ensure the quality of food and biomonitoring of contaminants in molluscs and fishes. Ten specimens of 5 of the most consumed fish in São Paulo city: whitemouth croaker (Micropogonias Furnieri), smooth weakfish (Cynoscion learchus), common snook (Centropomus undecimalis), Brazilian sardine (Sardinella brasiliensis) and bluefish (Pomatomus Saltatrix) were analyzed. Complete procedures for analysis, which includes purchase in the largest warehouse in Latin America, transport to the laboratory, storage, freeze-drying, milling, weighting and other preparations of the subsamples, and the short irradiation parameters for the determination of Br, Cl, K, Mn and Na are reported. Results obtained for macro and microelements are presented and are in agreement with analysis of oyster tissue and mussel tissue certified reference materials under the same irradiation conditions, with zscore values ranging from -3.0 to 2.2.

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  • IPEN-DOC 24533

    TAPPIZ, B. ; MOREIRA, E.G. . Estimated expanded uncertainty of measurement for fish samples analyzed by instrumental neutron activation analysis. In: 60 YEARS OF IEA-R1: INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON UTILIZATION OF RESEARCH REACTORS, November 28 - December 01, 2017, São Paulo, SP. Abstract... São Paulo, SP: Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, 2017. p. 19-19.

    Abstract: Expanded measurement uncertainty is an estimate characterizing the range of values at which the true value of a measurand is at a defined confidence level. Expanded uncertainty is one of the three pillars of metrology, along with metrological traceability and methodological validation. Due to the importance of this parameter, it was estimated following the Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement (GUM) for element measurement results obtained by Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis (INAA) performed with short irradiations at the Pneumatic System of the IEA-R1 research reactor at IPEN – CNEN/SP. Samples of Brazilian sardine (Sardinella brasiliensis), one of the most consumed species in the city of São Paulo were analyzed and Br, Cl, Mg, Mn, Na and K were determined. For the analyzed elements, the values of expanded uncertainty with coverage factor k = 2 are lower than natural variation (standard deviation) of the elements mass fractions observed in a collected batch of 10 individual specimens.

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  • IPEN-DOC 24532

    MENEGHINI, A.A. ; DAMATTO, S.R. . Elemental characterization using instrumental neutron activation analysis in mineral waters from Caxambu, MG. In: 60 YEARS OF IEA-R1: INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON UTILIZATION OF RESEARCH REACTORS, November 28 - December 01, 2017, São Paulo, SP. Abstract... São Paulo, SP: Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, 2017. p. 18-18.

    Abstract: Chemical composition of mineral water is the result of soil and water interaction and depends on the soil geology, because the chemical elements become part of these waters through the leaching and dissolution processes of soil. Mineral waters are defined as those that come from natural springs or that are artificially collected with chemical composition or physical chemical properties which imbues them with medicinal action that distinguishes them from ordinary water. According to the mineral summary of Departamento Nacional de Produção Mineral - DNPM, the consumption of mineral water has been increasing year by year, being in 2014 the global consumption 6.2% greater than in 2013 (which already had consumption 7.0% greater than in 2012), a fact that reinforces the importance of the characterization and regulation of the mineral waters. In thermal parks as Caxambu’s park, the waters are used as health therapy, diuretic waters, cathartic waters and anti-inflammatory waters. Parque das Águas of Caxambu, the largest mineral water park in the world, has 12 springs: Leopoldina, Beleza, Duque de Saxe, Princesa Isabel and Conde D’Eu, Dom Pedro, Viotti 1 and 2, Venâncio, Mayrink I, II and III and Ernestina Guedes and also a 60 m deep geyser. Thus, the main goal of this study was to perform a chemical characterization of these waters in which the elements Ba, Ca, Co, Cr, Cs, Eu, Fe, K, La, Na, Rb and Sb were found using Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis – INAA technique. Mineral water samples were dried in a cellulose substrate and irradiated at the IEA-R1 reactor in which they were exposed for 6h to a thermal neutron flux of 1012 neutrons per cm2 per second. The results showed a similar behavior among the samples and it was possible to identify a higher concentration of Na, K and Fe and predominance of alkaline and alkaine earth metals in all samples. Further, Venâncio, Beleza, Ernestina springs and geyser showed the highest concentrations of these elements.

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  • IPEN-DOC 24531

    TAKAMOTO, A.; SAIKI, M. . Elemental composition determination in medicinal plants by neutron activation analysis. In: 60 YEARS OF IEA-R1: INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON UTILIZATION OF RESEARCH REACTORS, November 28 - December 01, 2017, São Paulo, SP. Abstract... São Paulo, SP: Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, 2017. p. 17-18.

    Abstract: The use of medicinal plants in the prevention and treatment of diseases is mainly due to its low costs, ease acquisition and cultural aspects. In addition, the absence of its side effects when compared with synthetic drugs and the belief that plants that are natural origin do not cause harmful effects to the organism have stimulated their uses. However, medicinal plants may contain excess essential elements as well as the toxic ones that even in low concentrations are dangerous to human health. The objective of this study was to analyze medicinal plants: Aloe vera (Babosa), Morus nigra sp. (Amoreira) and Moringa oleifera (Moringa) for further correlation studies of the chemical elements with their therapeutic activities. The analytical method used was neutron activation analysis (NAA). The leaves of Aloe vera and Morus nigra were collected in different localities and that of Moringa oleifera were acquired in a store of natural products. Sample preparation consisted of cleaning, drying and milling the leaves. Aliquots of the samples and synthetic element standards were irradiated for 16h under thermal neutron flux of 5 1012 n cm􀀀2 s􀀀1 of the nuclear reactor IEA-R1. The induced gamma activities were measured using a gamma ray spectrometer coupled to a HPGe detector. The radioisotopes formed were identified by half-lives and gamma ray energies. Element concentrations were calculated by comparative method. Quality of the results was evaluated by analyzing certified reference materials INCT-TL-1 Tea Leaves and INCT-MPH-2 Mixed Polish Herbs and the results showed good precision and accuracy. Elements Ca and K were obtained at high concentrations in the plants at the percentage levels. Calcium exhibits neutralizing action and avoids stomach lesions and K has a diuretic action. Elements Br, Fe, Na, Rb and Zn were found in the order of g g􀀀1, and As, Co, Cr, Cs, La, Sb and Sc at lower concentrations, in the order of ng g􀀀1. The Aloe Vera plant presented high concentration of Zn and this element is present in healing remedies. Molibdenum was detected in Moringa oleifera sample and this element is considered essential in many enzymatic processes of the organism. Toxic elements such as Cu and Cd were not detected and As and Sb were found but at very low concentrations. Results obtained in this work indicate the possibility of applying NAA in the correlation studies between the elements present in the plants and their therapeutic effects.

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  • IPEN-DOC 24530

    LEAO, A.R. ; ZAMBONI, C.B. ; SILVA, D.G.N. da ; MEDEIROS, I.M.M.A. ; SIMONS, S.M.. Neutron activation analyses for investigation of antilonomic serum for caterpillars lonomia obliqua walker (Lepidoptera: saturniidae). In: 60 YEARS OF IEA-R1: INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON UTILIZATION OF RESEARCH REACTORS, November 28 - December 01, 2017, São Paulo, SP. Abstract... São Paulo, SP: Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, 2017. p. 16-17.

    Abstract: Since 1996 the Butantan Institute (IBu, São Paulo city), in collaboration with the Health Departments of some Brazilian states, produces serum antilonomic using the caterpillars of the species L. obliqua from several regions of Brazil. However, no data of their elemental composition to ensure that the antivenom produced (considering the different origins) maybe used to manufacture serum unchanged in the final product, as regards the toxicity of inorganic elements. In this investigation, we intend to check the elemental characterization of this antidote using Neutron Activation Analyses technique (NAA). The NAA measurements were performed in the IEA-R1 nuclear reactor (IPEN/CNEN-SP, Brasil). Each sample was irradiated for 120s and gamma counting endured 300s, HPGe detector (ORTEC-GEM 60195) coupled to a MCA (ORTEC - 919E) used. The elements concentration were obtained using the ATIVAÇÃO software. These quantitative analysis of the antilonomic serum will generate data to evaluate the possibility of establishing a standard extract, which would reduce costs in the antilonomic serum production process, as well as improvements in serum production process antilonomic in the Butantan Institute, meeting the standards of good manufacturing practices and good laboratory practice.

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  • IPEN-DOC 24529

    SILVA, A.R. ; DAMATTO, S.R. ; LEONARDO, L.; SOUZA, J.M. de ; GONÇALVES, P.N. ; MADUAR, M.F. . Major, minor and trace elements determination using INAA in soil profile and sediment core samples collected in the catchment area of ponte nova reservoir, São Paulo – Brazil. In: 60 YEARS OF IEA-R1: INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON UTILIZATION OF RESEARCH REACTORS, November 28 - December 01, 2017, São Paulo, SP. Abstract... São Paulo, SP: Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, 2017. p. 16-16.

    Abstract: Elemental Chemical Characterization is a keystone in understanding environmental phenomena and its effects. Major and trace elements give important data about geological, physical, chemical and biological phenomena undergoing in natural environments. Ponte Nova reservoir (23 34’43.23" S, 45 56’56.76" W) is the first reservoir in a cascade system that was built in the 1970s to control Upper Tietê River basin water flow. Nowadays, this reservoir serves as a source of water for agricultural and industrial enterprises and as drinkable water source, and were a major concern for the population of São Paulo state due to a recent severe drought in the years of 2014 and 2015. In the present work, major and trace elements (As, Ba, Ce, Co, Cr, Cs, Eu, Fe, Hf, K, La, Lu, Na, Nd, Rb, Sb, Sc, Sm, Tb, Yb and Zn) were determined using Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis (INAA) in the IEA-R1 nuclear reactor using the comparative method. This procedure consists in exposing 200mg of the sample and reference materials sealed in polypropylene bags to a thermal neutron flux of 1 1012 cm􀀀2s􀀀1. Geo-accumulation indexes and enrichment factors were determined and physicochemical parameters (grain size analysis, pH, real and apparent densities, Loss on Ignition, porosity and humidity) were measured. The major and trace element concentrations were compared with the Upper Continental Crust values. Cluster analysis, correlation matrix and principal component analysis were applied in all the results obtained to verify a probable correlation between the major and trace elements determined in the soil and sediment samples.

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  • IPEN-DOC 24528

    OLIVEIRA, A. ; DAMATTO, S.R. . Inorganic chemical composition of brazilian tobacco products. In: 60 YEARS OF IEA-R1: INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON UTILIZATION OF RESEARCH REACTORS, November 28 - December 01, 2017, São Paulo, SP. Abstract... São Paulo, SP: Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, 2017. p. 15-15.

    Abstract: Cultivation and consumption of tobacco in Brazil began before Portuguese colonization and in the current scenario Brazil stands out as the second largest producer of the plant. This crop has great agricultural importance for three states in the southern region of the country; Paraná, Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul, responsible for 95% of all production. The chemical composition of the tobacco products varies according to plant variety, region of cultivation and preparation of the products (washes, additives, flavorings, among others). Tobacco products are the second most commonly used drug among Brazilian students. Many papers in the international literature present studies on the chemical and radiological composition of several tobacco products, but few studies are found regarding the same composition of the derivatives produced in Brazil. Various toxic elements such as Al, As, Cd, Co, Cr, Hg, Ni and Pb can be found in the tobacco products. The aim of the present study was to determine the inorganic chemical composition of the main tobacco products consumed in Brazil, using the techniques of Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis - INAA technique to determine the elements: As, Ba, Br, Ca, Ce, Co, Cr, Cs, Fe, Hf, La, Na, Rb, Sc, Sm, Th and Zn and the X-Ray Fluorescence technique for determining the elements: Al, Cd, Cl, Cu, Hg, I, K, Mg, Mn, Ni, P, Pb, S, Sb, Se, Sr and U in 82 samples of tobacco derivatives: 20 unflavoured cigarettes, 9 flavored cigarettes, 14 straw cigarettes, 6 cigars and 33 rope fumes.

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  • IPEN-DOC 24527

    LUZ, H.N. da; SOUZA, F.A. ; SERRA FILHO, L.A.; MORALLES, M. ; BREGANT, M.; CARLIN, N.; HOGLUND, C.; MUNHOZ, M.G.; SCHMIDT, S.; SUAIDE, A.A.P.; SVENSSON, P.O.. Towards position sensitive thermal neutron detection based in multilayer 10B converters. In: 60 YEARS OF IEA-R1: INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON UTILIZATION OF RESEARCH REACTORS, November 28 - December 01, 2017, São Paulo, SP. Abstract... São Paulo, SP: Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, 2017. p. 13-13.

    Abstract: One of the most relevant issues in neutron detection is the search for alternatives to 3He as neutron converter. Its high absorption cross section for thermal neutrons used to make it the preferred absorber to build large area thermal neutron detectors. Its current unavailability triggered an intense search to find alternatives like gaseous detectors coated with 10B for neutron conversion. Such element is found in the solid state at NPT presenting an additional challenge regarding its deposition on surfaces with an optimum thickness. This is a critical parameter of the detector, since issues such as the self-absorption of the products of the nuclear reaction when the films are too thick can limit the detection efficiency of the final detector. The use of many layers is an interesting solution to overcome these issues. This has been tried in several geometries, such as Multi-grid, Inclined detector, Jalousie and Cascade. In this presentation, a solution based in the Cascade concept where several thin boron layers are used, will be presented, using a cost effective Micropattern Gaseous Detector, the Thick-Gas Electron Multiplier (Thick-GEM), as neutron converter and electron transporter, together with a standard GEM-based charge amplification stage. Preliminary results obtained with a first prototype mounted at IPEN’s research reactor, using 10B4C neutron converters produced in the deposition lab of the European Spallation Source will be shown and further developments towards position sensitive detection both for beam monitors and for high efficiency neutron detectors will be discussed.

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  • IPEN-DOC 24526

    NORY, R.M. . Students: motivations and plans for the future. In: 60 YEARS OF IEA-R1: INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON UTILIZATION OF RESEARCH REACTORS, November 28 - December 01, 2017, São Paulo, SP. Abstract... São Paulo, SP: Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, 2017. p. 11-11.

    Abstract: This presentation showed the students’ vision of the post-graduation program. The students were interviewed about their motivations to study and their plans for the future. In general lines, they listed three main motivations to start their studies at CRPq: a wish to improve their CVs, in order to gain general experience and/or increase financial earnings; a desire to become a researcher, in order to achieve personal fulfillment and to produce knowledge; and a desire to become a professor, in order to achieve personal fulfillment and to help in the development of other people. In all cases, the chance to start a new career and to get a job or a better job position were important motivations too. In this sense, the students’ plans for the future are related mainly to the continuation of studies/researches and to their admission in job positions at industries, labs and/or educational institutions. A research was made in order to know the current occupations of ex-students too. Many of them are teachers or professors, at public and private institutions, and some are working at industries and labs, as managers or technicians. Also important, some of them are researchers, working at IPEN itself or other research facilities, in Brazil or abroad. In general, the students like working at CRPq, mainly because of the good relationships developed among students and professors/researchers, despite of some operational issues in day-to-day work.

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  • IPEN-DOC 24525

    MOREIRA, E.G. . Research activities at CRPq using the IEA-R1 nuclear reactor. In: 60 YEARS OF IEA-R1: INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON UTILIZATION OF RESEARCH REACTORS, November 28 - December 01, 2017, São Paulo, SP. Abstract... São Paulo, SP: Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, 2017. p. 10-10.

    Abstract: After a short introduction on the origins of the research activities using the IEAR1 nuclear reactor, the present organizational chart, and associated laboratories will be presented. These laboratories use the neutron bean facilities (diffractometry, imaging) or irradiate samples in the reactor core for neutron activation analysis, hyperfine interaction studies and radioactive source production and calibration. Some of the research and teaching activities of the research groups will also be displayed. Finally a compilation of research highlights in the form of recent papers will be presented, ranging from material characterization, environmental and health related studies to imaging industrial applications and archeological investigations.

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  • IPEN-DOC 24524

    GENEZINI, F.A. . Research reactor center: the IEA-R1 home. In: 60 YEARS OF IEA-R1: INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON UTILIZATION OF RESEARCH REACTORS, November 28 - December 01, 2017, São Paulo, SP. Abstract... São Paulo, SP: Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, 2017. p. 10-10.

    Abstract: The IEA-R1 was the seed of the whole Nuclear and Energy Research Institute (IPEN), and, in the beginning, the buildings around this facility have housed all thenexisting branches including operation and maintenance (O&M) of the IEA-R1 itself, the nuclear physics and radiochemistry divisions, etc. In the end of 70s these three sections were assembled into a single unit called COURP (Center of Operation and Utilization of Research Reactor), located in those same blocks. In 2000 this administrative structure gave origin to the Research Reactor Center (CRPq). This center governs the O&M of the IEA-R1 and its utilization. CRPq has two departments, one responsible for O&M, certain products and services related to neutron irradiations, whereas the other – for their utilization by researchers and for education. It has 59 employees, 10 Post-docs and around 90 students at different levels. In addition to the O&M, CRPq is involved into research and development work and offers services for society. All CRPq activities are monitored by integrate management system under ISO 9001 certification.

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  • IPEN-DOC 24523

    CABRERA-PASCA, G.A.; CARBONARI, A.W. . Study of nanoparticles and nanowires by PAC spectroscopy. In: 60 YEARS OF IEA-R1: INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON UTILIZATION OF RESEARCH REACTORS, November 28 - December 01, 2017, São Paulo, SP. Abstract... São Paulo, SP: Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, 2017. p. 09-09.

    Abstract: Nanoparticles, nanowires and other low-dimensional nanostructures have received considerable attention due their unique physical properties and also for their promising applications. These nanostructures have contributed to the development of emerging technologies in addition to assisting the progress of nanoscience. Nanoscience is an emerging interdisciplinary area that hopes to have broad implications in many fields such as: materials science, medicine, electronics, optics, etc. The potential applications of these nanostructures depend strongly on their quality, diameter, density, and chemical composition and their crystal structure, therefore, must be precisely controlled. However, the control of the size and morphology of nanostructured materials is not always an easy task and sometimes become challenging. On the other hand, in order to understand the properties derived from the dimensionality of these nanosystems, different techniques have been used. The choice of each technique or methodology depends on several factors including the facility implementation on research laboratories. In this way, we believe that the analysis taking into account the correlation between different techniques would allow an improvement of the projection of future technologies. For these reason, in recent years we have carried out studies on nanostructured systems using the Perturbed Angular Correlation spectroscopy to obtain a local view of these system. Particularly, our studies have focused on Fe3O4 and CoO nanoparticles, which were synthesized by the thermal decomposition method. The choice of this synthesis method was due of their feasible for production in large-scale with high-quality of nanoparticles and also due of feasible to incorporate the nuclear probe. Also, we have studied hyperfine parameter of the hierarchically structured nanowires on the microtubule of ZnO and CuO obtained by thermal oxidation process by simply heating a high purity metal. These measurements are correlated with X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and magnetic measurements using a SQUID magnetometer.

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  • IPEN-DOC 24622

    FURUKAWA, CÁSSIA Y. . Avaliação de alguns fatores interferentes na estabilidade radioquímica de alguns radiofármacos marcados com 99mTc / Evaluation of some interfering factors on the radiochemical stability of some radiopharmaceuticals labeled Technetium-99m . 2016. Dissertação (Mestrado em Tecnologia Nuclear) - Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP, São Paulo. 99 p. Orientador: Margareth Mie Nakamura Matsuda. DOI: 10.11606/D.85.2018.tde-09022018-083115

    Abstract: Os radiofármacos são fármacos que possuem em sua composição um radionuclídeo e são utilizados para diagnóstico e tratamento de diversas doenças na medicina nuclear. O principal objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da temperatura e umidade na estabilidade de alguns reagentes liofilizados ALBUMINA-TEC, CIS-TEC, DEX-500-TEC, DEX-70-TEC, DISI-TEC, DMSA-TEC, DTPA-TEC, FITA-TEC, PUL-TEC, MIBI-TEC, MDP-TEC, PIRO-TEC, e TIN-TEC. Foi utilizada uma câmara climática para expor amostras destes produtos a uma temperatura de 40 °C e 75% de umidade relativa por 48 horas, para simular uma condição de transporte. Foram avaliadas duas situações: após um determinado tempo de armazenamento em temperatura de 2 - 8 °C, amostras de RL foram expostas por 48 horas em 40 °C e 75% UR e em seguida foram analisadas enquanto outras amostras foram colocadas por 48 horas em 40 °C e 75% UR, mantidas em temperatura de 2 - 8 °C até a validade do radiofármaco e analisadas quanto à pureza radioquímica e biodistribuição. Os radiofármacos ALBUMINA-TEC, DEX-70-TEC, DEX-500-TEC, DISI-TEC, DMSA-TEC, DTPA-TEC, PIRO-TEC, MDP-TEC, MIBI-TEC e MDP-TEC apresentaram resultados de % PRq e biodistribuição que atenderam às especificações, enquanto que CIS-TEC, PUL-TEC e TIN-TEC apresentaram alguns valores de % PRq menor que o especificado. TIN-TEC apresentou % PRq de 84% em um de três lotes, enquanto PUL-TEC apresentou % PRq de 88% em um de quatro lotes analisados; CIS-TEC é um RL que ainda precisa melhor analisado pois os resultados fora do especificado no controle radioquímico e biológico foram obtidos com um produto fora da validade especificada. Estes resultados indicaram que a pureza radioquímica pode ser afetada pela condição de estudo, o que não foi confirmado pelo controle biológico.

    Palavras-Chave: radiopharmaceuticals; technetium 99; radioimmunoassay; radioimmunodetection; scintiscanning; tracer techniques; stability; quality assurance; certification; inspection; radiation protection; regulations; safety standards

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  • IPEN-DOC 24522

    CARVALHO, R.N. . The stories of Goiânia. In: 60 YEARS OF IEA-R1: INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON UTILIZATION OF RESEARCH REACTORS, November 28 - December 01, 2017, São Paulo, SP. Abstract... São Paulo, SP: Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, 2017. p. 03-03.

    Abstract: In the beginning of this year, I had to report the events related to the accident with 137Cs in Goiânia under a personal stance, what led me to a process of catharsis. After participating in such a significant event, and today, after reviewing historical events by means of published papers and newspaper reports, it is notorious the difference between the chaos that I experienced there and the order and clarity of the facts that I perceive today. As in the phrase attributed to Heraclitus, "No man ever steps in the same river twice, for it is not the same river and he is not the same man", during the three months while I worked as a radioprotection technician, I plunged into a sea of emotions, closely accompanying the evolution of the health of some radiation victims, and working in the decontamination and demolition of their houses. The unknowns, the dedication of some professionals and the disdain of others, along with the unusual facts that the response team and the patients were facing, gave me a sad and hilarious tone that served as a backdrop to the official history of the accident of Goiânia.

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  • IPEN-DOC 24521

    YAMAGATA, C. ; MISSO, A.M. ; MELLO-CASTANHO, S.R.H. ; BRITO, HERMI F.; RODRIGUES, LUCAS C.V.. CaMgSi2O6:Eu2+ and Dy3+ co doped phosphors prepared by combining two chemical method. In: INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON LUMINESCENCE, 18th, August 27 - September 01, 2017, João Pessoa, PB. Abstract... 2017. p. 416-416.

    Abstract: Silicate system of the CaO–MgO–SiO2 has attracted great interest due to its high weather resistance which is endorsed by the physical and chemical stability [1, 2]. This property makes it applicable as host for luminescent materials. CaMgSi2O6 (diopside), an important component of the mantle and subduction slabs has been studied by many researchers [3]. Eu2+ activated alkaline earth silicate phosphors have a long afterglow characteristic and blue to green emission by the near ultraviolet [4] stimulation. Glass ceramic of CaO–MgO–SiO2 system has potential application on the optical devices [5, 6], for example, Ca2MgSi2O7:Eu2+ [7] and CaMgSi2O6:Eu2+, Dy3+ [8]. Ca2MgSi2O7: Eu2+ is a promising phosphor material for white light emitting diode (LED) [5]. In this study, CaMgSi2O6:Eu2+ and Dy3+co-doped CaMgSi2O6:Eu2+ phosphors were synthesized using sol gel technique followed by a modified molten salt method and thermal treatment in a weak reducing atmosphere. Crystalline phase identification by XRD and the measurements of photoluminescence (PL) excitation were performed. The XRD results reveal that the synthesized phosphors are crystalline and assigned to the diopside structure. The PL results indicate the emission spectra of CaMgSi2O6:Eu2+ and Dy3+ co-doped CaMgSi2O6:Eu2+ phosphors have a broad band at 450nm attributed to electronic transition from the 4f6 5d1 state to the 4f7 state.

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  • IPEN-DOC 24520

    SALVADOR, F.F.S. ; FELINTO, M.C.F.C. ; PEDROSO, C.C.S.; BARBOSA, H.P.; BRITO, H.F.. Preparation of nanophosphors of SnO2: Eu3+, Tb3+, Dy3+ by coprecipitation method. In: INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON LUMINESCENCE, 18th, August 27 - September 01, 2017, João Pessoa, PB. Abstract... 2017. p. 385-385.

    Abstract: In recent years, white light emitting diodes (W-LEDs) have been replaced the conventional incandescent and fluorescent lamps due to the lower manufacturing cost, high Color Rendering Index (CRI) and luminescence efficiency [1,2]. In this work, the simultaneous incorporation of the Tb3+,Eu3+,Dy3+- doped SnO2 matrix were prepared with the coprecipitation method as a possible alternative to solid state synthesis. This procedure is environmental friendly, producing materials with high crystallinity as well as controlled particle size. An aqueous solution of RECl3·6H2O was added in a solution containing SnCl2·2H2O, HNO3 (1 mol·L-1) and ethanol to obtain the phosphor. Subsequently, in resulting solution was added NH4OH (7 mol·L-1) aqueous solution that lead to the formation of a white precipitate aged in mother liquor for two days. Finally, the as-prepared precipitate was washed with distilled water several times to eliminate chloride and nitrate anions. The RE3+ doping concentrations in SnO2 were identical for each rare earth ion in following concentrations: 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0 and 4.0 mol-% of the SnIV amount. The luminescence materials were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XPD), thermal analysis (TG), infrared absorption spectroscopy (FTIR) and UV excited photoluminescence. The CIE parameters and the color correlated temperature (CCT) are obtained in order to characterize the color emission as well as to apply in cold and warm W-LEDs.

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  • IPEN-DOC 24519

    SOUZA, L.F. ; SOUZA, D.N.; NOVAIS, A.L.F.; ANDRADE, A.B.; REZENDE, M.V.S.; TEIXEIRA, V.C.; CALDAS, L.V.E. . Photoluminescence and luminescence time decay of MgB4O7:Ce,Li. In: INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON LUMINESCENCE, 18th, August 27 - September 01, 2017, João Pessoa, PB. Abstract... 2017. p. 377-377.

    Abstract: Magnesium tetraborate doped with cerium and codoped with lithium (MgB4O7:Ce,Li) has been widely used in luminescent dosimetry with the thermoluminescent (TL) technique and recently as an optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dosimeter, due to its high sensitivity to ionizing radiation[1,2]. Recent studies have shown that among all the rare earths used as dopants for this host matrix, the Cerium (Ce3+) produces the most intense TL and OSL emissions and recently the incorporation of lithium as codopant enhanced the sensitivity of the composite. As the MgB4O7:Ce,Li is a relative new OSL/ TL dosimeter, there is not much discussion so far about the process that gives raise to the luminescent emissions from these components.The present work aims to evaluate the luminescent properties of MgB4O7:Ce,Li. The material was obtained through a solid state synthesis, and the photoluminescence (PL) emission and the excitation spectra were studied with excitation in the vacuum ultraviolet spectral region, using synchrotron radiation; in the Toroidal Grating Monochomator (TGM) at the LNLS and with visible (VIS) excitation source using a CryLas GmbH 488 nm CW. The optical centers time decay of the centers was measured using an electrooptic modulator to pulse the CW laser. The excitation spectra were recorded at 373 nm, and they showed two prominent peaks around 275 and 319 nm; the emission curve measured at constant excitation in 315 nm showed a prominent peak around 370 nm. The luminescence spectra under excitations from 4.5 eV up to 9.1 eV, presented a broad emission around 3 eV (413 nm); the broadness of these emissions changed as the excitation energy increased. Further results will be presented and discussed.

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  • IPEN-DOC 24518

    NOVAIS, A.L.F.; SOUZA, L.F. ; ABREU, C.M.; BARRERA, G.R.; SOUZA, D.N.. Luminescence properties of rare-earth doped borate glasses. In: INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON LUMINESCENCE, 18th, August 27 - September 01, 2017, João Pessoa, PB. Abstract... 2017. p. 375-375.

    Abstract: This work aims to investigate the characteristics related to the luminescence spectra of borate glasses CaO-Al2O3-H3BO3 and CaO-Al2O3-H3BO3 doped respectively with 1.0 wt% of Yb3+ and Ce3+. These glasses were produced by melt and rapid cooling method. The compounds are from Sigma Aldrich with a 99.99% degree of purity. The spectral characteristics of Yb3+ and Ce3+ ions in borates and phosphates are important to optical applications. Such glasses can be useful as optical fibers doped and in solid-state lasers. The emission and excitation spectra were obtained using a spectrofluorometer (Nanolog-Horiba) with a photomultiplier tube R928P equipped with a Xenon lamp (CW 450 W) as the excitation source, and a filter of 399 nm. Lifetime was also obtained with the NanoLog using the same lamp and the same detector. Fig.1 (a) e (b) shows emission of Ce3+ (excitation 335 nm) and Yb3+ (excitation 334 nm) ions of borates glasses.

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  • IPEN-DOC 24517

    BARBOSA, HELLIOMAR P.; PEDROSO, CASSIO C.S.; FELINTO, MARIA C.F.C. ; MALTA, OSCAR L.; BRITO, HERMI F.. White light emission of the single-phase CaWO4:Dy3+ phosphors by simple synthesis and fast heating. In: INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON LUMINESCENCE, 18th, August 27 - September 01, 2017, João Pessoa, PB. Abstract... 2017. p. 374-374.

    Abstract: Tungstates activated by trivalent rare earth ions (R3+) can be used for many optical devices [1]. Nowadays, there is an increasing interest in white phosphors emitting to application in white-light-emitting devices (WLEDs) replacing the conventional fluorescent lamps due its ecofriendliness and tuneable colours. Here we report preparation as well as the spectroscopic properties of the single phase new highly luminescent white emitting of Dy3+ doped into the CaWO4 materials. The materials were prepared by coprecipitation method at room temperature with stoichiometry aqueous solutions of Na2WO4, CaCl2 and DyCl3 (0.1 to 5.0 mol% of the Ca2+ amount). The as-prepared materials were heated for 22 min between 900 – 1000 W in a domestic microwave oven and using Fe3O4 (60 g) susceptor as heating source. The XPD measurements revealed the CaWO4:Dy3+ particles belong to the tetragonal scheelite phase with I41/a (#88) space group. The emission arising mainly from the 4F9/26H15/2 (blue) and 6H13/2 (yellow) transitions are corresponding to the 488 and 575 nm, respectively (Fig.). At lower doping concentrations the broad band (~420 nm) is due to the WO4 group emission. Increasing the RE3+ doping concentration the main emission lines transitions of the Dy3+ are enhanced. After heating, the 1.0 mol% Dy3+ doped material exhibit a better whitish emission due to the simultaneous presence of broad band of the host in blue region and emission lines at longer wavelengths (Fig.). The lifetimes decrease monotonously in function of the Dy3+ concentration which indicates that the energy transfer from host to the Dy3+ becomes more efficient. These results suggest that CaWO4:Dy3+ could act as a white emitting phosphor in solid state-lighting technology.

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  • IPEN-DOC 24516

    ANTONIO, P.L. ; GRONCHI, C.C.; PINTO, T.C.N.O.; CALDAS, L.V.E. . Ultraviolet radiation for the induction of PTOSL in CaSO4:Dy detectors. In: INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON LUMINESCENCE, 18th, August 27 - September 01, 2017, João Pessoa, PB. Abstract... 2017. p. 355-355.

    Abstract: The application of artificial sources of ultraviolet radiation (UVR) in various areas such as industry, medicine, dentistry and in research is increasing due to the technological advances of the last decades. This fact may cause health risks to workers if appropriate protection measurements were not adopted. The International Commission on Non-Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) recommends exposure limits to non-ionizing radiation. UVR measuring electronic instruments are expensive, and the use of dosimetric material is a good option for UV dosimetry. The phototransferred optically stimulated luminescence (PTOSL) was already shown to be a useful technique for UVR detection using Al2O3:C Landauer dosimeters. The PTOSL phenomenon involves the production of optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) by the phototransfer of charges to empty traps from deeper, filled traps. Thus, by filling the deeper traps of the detector with a pre-dose of ionizing radiation, and submitting the samples subsequently to an adequate thermal treatment to remove any trapped charge from the shallow (dosimetric) traps, charge can be transferred from the deep traps to the shallow traps by exposing the sample to UVR wavelengths. CaSO4:Dy+Teflon pellets produced at IPEN were used in this study. The PTOSL measurements were taken in an OSL reader system Risø, model TL/OSL-DA-20. The UV illumination procedures were performed in a system with a high-pressure mercury lamp. The CaSO4:Dy+Teflon samples were initially characterized in order to verify their reproducibility of OSL response and the variation of response in relation to the absorbed dose, using high doses of a 60Co source. The objective of this study is to characterize the material in terms of its luminescent properties. After this initial step, the samples were: pre-irradiated with a high dose; thermally treated; exposed to the UV source with different wavelengths; finally, the PTOSL responses were taken. The results were satisfactory and showed that the CaSO4:Dy samples present PTOSL response in function of the tested parameters, such as UV wavelength and irradiance.

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  • IPEN-DOC 24511

    COTRIM, MARYCEL E.B. ; PIRES, MARIA A.F. ; MARTINS, ELAINE A.J. . Relatório de avaliação do Programa de Monitoramento Ambiental (PMA-Q) atendendo aos Compostos Químicos Estáveis do IPEN – 2015. São Paulo, SP: Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares - CQMA, Maio, 2017. (IPEN-CQMA-RT-2017: REL_PMA-Q_ 2015). Restrito.

    Título do projeto: Programa de Monitoramento Ambiental (PMA-Q) atendendo aos Compostos Químicos Estáveis do IPEN

    Abstract: Este relatório apresenta os resultados obtidos no desenvolvimento do PROGRAMA DE MONITORAMENTO QUÍMICO AMBIENTAL–PMA-Q dos Compostos Químicos Estáveis do Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares – IPEN em 2015. Neste documento são apresentados e discutidos os resultados obtidos, em 2015, nos oito poços de monitoramento de água subterrânea, localizados nas instalações do IPEN, a partir de metodologias analíticas internacionalmente reconhecidas e discutidas com base nas legislações ambientais vigentes, emitidas por órgãos normativos e fiscalizadores, tais como Comissão Nacional de Energia Nuclear (CNEN), CETESB, Ministério do Meio Ambiente, por meio das resoluções CONAMA, além da solicitação do TAC (Termo de Ajuste de Conduta) do IBAMA. É apresentada também, uma avaliação temporal da qualidade química do efluente lançado pelo IPEN em rede coletora de esgoto, no ano de 2015, face aos valores estipulados nas legislações ambientais pertinentes.

    Palavras-Chave: environment; monitoring; liquid wastes; chemical effluents; metals; carbon; hydrocarbons; anions

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  • IPEN-DOC 24515

    VILA, G.B. ; CALDAS, L.V.E. . Some optical properties of biominerals. In: INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON LUMINESCENCE, 18th, August 27 - September 01, 2017, João Pessoa, PB. Abstract... 2017. p. 352-352.

    Abstract: Calcium carbonates are materials found abundantly in the nature as minerals and biominerals. In both cases calcite and aragonite isomorphic forms can be found, where the calcite form is the most stable. In calcium carbonates (in the calcite form), calcium can be replaced by Mn and Fe and, in the aragonite form, calcium can be replaced by Sr, Pb and Zn [1]. In this work, oyster shell, coral, tiger shell and mother-of-pearl samples with predominantly aragonite isomorphic forms were studied. X-ray fluorescence measurements showed the presence of CaO, Na2O, SrO, SO3, SiO2 and Fe2O3 elements in all samples. The results of a neutron activation analysis showed, besides of the Ca element, the presence of Mn, La, Ce, Cr, Ba, Fe, Zn elements. The presence of Mn in the coral and mother-of-pearl samples was confirmed by the electronic paramagnetic resonance technique due to Mn2+ transition characteristics. Optical absorption measurements were taken for all samples in the wavelength range of 190 nm to 900 nm. All of the Mn signatures are transitions from the fundamental states 6A1g(S) to the energy states of 4T1g(G); 4Eg(G); 4A1g(G); 4T2g(D) or 4Eg(D); 4A2(G). The spectrometer UV-2120PC, model SHIMADZU Company, was utilized with two light beams in this study. The optical absorption measurements were carried out in powder samples with 0.177 mm of diameter, and with vegetal oil, transparent in the region of interest; they were placed between two quartz plates with 89% of transmittance in the ultraviolet region. The results show that the studied samples present amazing optical properties with good ultraviolet absorbance and with a great potential to be used even as radiation detectors.

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  • IPEN-DOC 24514

    SILVA, F.R.O. ; LIMA, N.B. ; BRESSIANI, A.H.A. ; GOMES, L. . Upconversion luminescence of Yb3+: Tm3+ and Yb3+: Tm3+: Er3+- doped Beta-Tricalcium Phosphate nanoparticles. In: INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON LUMINESCENCE, 18th, August 27 - September 01, 2017, João Pessoa, PB. Abstract... 2017. p. 336-336.

    Abstract: A novel class of fluorescence nanoparticles of 5.5 mol% of Yb3+, 0.5 mol% of Er3+ and 0.5 mol% Tm3+: calcium deficient hydroxyapatite were synthesized by co-precipitation method in aqueous solution (pH adjusted to 6) and specially treated with microwave radiation at 1000°C for 10 minutes to produce nanocrystals of Yb:Tm: and Yb:Tm:Er:-tricalcium phosphate (-TCP). As a result, we report for the first time, a single-phase -TCP:Yb:Tm:Er and -TCP:Yb:Tm exhibiting an efficient visible and near infrared upconversion luminescence from the 1G4 (blue emission), 4S3/2 (green emission), 3F2 (red emission) and 3H4 (near infrared emission) induced by the Yb3+ Tm3+ / Er3+ energy transfer under pulsed laser excitation at 972 nm (Yb3+) with an average energy of 11 mJ. The emission decay curves of the upconversion transients, from 1G4 excited state of Tm3+ and 4S3/2 excited level of Er3+, indicate that ESA process occurs in -TCP:Yb/Tm/Er nanopowder measured for the 550 nm luminescence of Er3+, which has a time constant (t2) of 0.4 s. However, Yb3+  Tm3+ upconversion (Up2) has a time constant (t2) of 14.4 s and does not exhibit ESA absorption. This -TCP activated by Yb3+ and Tm3+ ions constitutes a new nanobiomaterial that can be used as diagnostic and therapeutic agents, affording deeper tissue penetration and higher resolution and sensitivity for visible-near infrared bioimaging and treatments.

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  • IPEN-DOC 24513

    FELINTO, MARIA C.F.C. ; SALVADOR, FRANCINE F.S. ; BONTURIM, EVERTON ; BRITO, HERMI F.; SANTOS, PAULO R.; TEOTONIO, ERCULES E.S.; FAUSTINO, WAGNER; MALTA, OSCAR M.L.. Cashew gun resin doped with Eu(tta)3.(TPPO)2 and Eu(dbm)3.(TPPO) nanoparticle acting as biomaker. In: INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON LUMINESCENCE, 18th, August 27 - September 01, 2017, João Pessoa, PB. Abstract... 2017.

    Abstract: Anacardium occidentale L., a tree species from the Anacardiaceae family, is native in Brazil growing mostly in the northeastern region. Cashew gum (CG) is one such versatile naturally occurring biopolymer that is finding increasing applications in the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industry. It has been used successfully for many years in the food and beverage industry as a thickening agent and a colloidal stabilizer. Recently, the role of these gums in enveloping controlled drug delivery systems has increased significantly and CG has achieve lot of attraction towards this application [1]. In this work, nanoparticles of Eu(tta)3(TPPO)2 and Eu(dbm)3(TPPO) were tryed to solubilize in the CG water solution improving the dispersion of the nanoparticle complexes, and giving the opportunity to use these materials as biomarker. An 1%(w/w) of the Eu(tta)3(TPPO)2 or Eu(dbm)3(TPPO) nanoparticles were dispersed in a water solution of CG resin. After that, these materials were dried and the products obtained were films. These materials were characterized by infrared spectroscopy, XPD, TGA, SEM, absorption and photoluminescence spectroscopy. The results showed that the materials are crystalline and when doped increase the thermal stability of the CG resin. These films were soluble in water They also have intense luminescence, with emission spectra presenting characteristic internal transitions of 4f6-4f6 configuration of the Eu3+ ion even in water solution (Fig. 1). The addition of Ag0 in the solution improve the intensity of the fluorophore in solution. Intensity parameters in solid phase were determined and the quantum efficiency ~57% corroborate with the idea of use this green material as a biomarker[2].

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  • IPEN-DOC 24512

    ALMEIDA, S.B. ; SAKURABA, R.K.; REZENDE, A.C.P.; CAMPOS, L.L. . TL and OSL dosimetric characterization of different luminescent materials for clinical electron beams application in TSI treatments. In: INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON LUMINESCENCE, 18th, August 27 - September 01, 2017, João Pessoa, PB. Abstract... 2017. p. 329-329.

    Abstract: Thermoluminescent dosimeters (DTLs) play an important role in radiotherapy for the dosimetry of ionizing radiation. This type of dosimeter presents advantages that makes them a useful tool, in particular, for measurements in anthropomorphic simulators and for dosimetry in vivo in patients. Several dosimetric materials have been used in the radiotherapy sectors such as LiF, LiF, CaSO4:Dy(1,2). The OSL dosimetry has also been widely used using Aluminum Oxide (Al2O3: C). These dosimeters have advantages over DTLs due to their high sensitivity, extensive linearity in response to the dose, faster readability, possibility of multiple re-readings and the need to perform the heat treatment of the samples(3). The objective of this work was to characterize the TL and OSL techniques using different luminescent dosimeters (LiF, LiF, CaSO4:Dy and Al2O3:C) to be applied in clinical electron beam used to TSI (Total Skin Irradiation) treatments. Parameters such as dose response curve, that presented linear behavior in the dose range studied; mean sensitivity of the dosimeters, that demonstrated constant values in the dose range analyzed: 28,7 cGy to 382,8 cGy were evaluated. Other parameters also studied were the angular dependence of the TL and OSL response and the intrinsic efficiency of the materials. The Al2O3:C dosimeters presented variation of the OSL response greater than the other dosimeters, probably, due to their thickness 0,9 mm.

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  • IPEN-DOC 24510

    SOUZA, L.F. ; SOUZA, D.N.; NOVAIS, A.L.F.; SILVA, A.M.B.; ANTONIO, P.L. ; CALDAS, L.V.E. . Investigation of luminescent properties of MgB4O7:Ce,Li for optically stimulated luminescence technique. In: INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON LUMINESCENCE, 18th, August 27 - September 01, 2017, João Pessoa, PB. Abstract... 2017. p. 273-273.

    Abstract: Optically Stimulated Luminescence is a technique that has been widely used in several procedures, such as arqueological and geological dating of materials; nowadays it is well established in medical dosimetry and has already been used commercially for almost two decades. The main challenge for the OSL technique is that there has been a lack of materials for clinical dosimetry; Al2O3:C (aluminum oxide) and BeO (beryllium oxide) are the commercial available OSL dosimeters, even though these materials have some limitations, and thus there is a need for new OSL dosimeters. In the present work the objective is investigate the luminescent properties of MgB4O7:Ce,Li. Recently, this material has been suggested as OSL dosimeter for neutron detection by Yukihara et al. (2016) and some dosimetric properties has been described by Souza et al. (2017). Here we are complementing these studies, analyzing proprieties, such as the effect of codopant concentration in tetraborate matrix (concentration quenching), the OSL behavior of the curve when continuous-wave (CW) and linear modulated (LM) modes of operation are used, thermoluminescence emission spectrum, dose response curve, minimum detectable dose, step-annealing experiment, optical bleaching for reuse of the dosimeters and dose response curve. Luminescence measurements and irradiations were carried out using a Risø TL/OSL equipment. Some preliminaries results indicated that the optimal OSL MgB4O7:Ce0.5%,Lix% emission was exhibited by the powder with 0.5 wt% (weight) of lithium codopant. Then a decrease in the OSL intensity was observed, which can be attributed to the concentration quenching effect.The thermoluminescent emission spetrum indicated that the emisison luminescent emission from the samples are in the UV-Vis region (300-400 nm) and the LM-OSL curves relates the peak position with the photoionization cross-section of the trap.

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  • IPEN-DOC 24509

    COSTA, I.F.; MOURA, J.L.; ADENES, R.E.; BRITO, H.F.; FELINTO, M.C.F.C. ; FAUSTINO, W.M.; CREMONA, M.; TEOTONIO, E.E.S.. Tuning colors in novel electroluminescent devices based on Al-indandionate complexes. In: INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON LUMINESCENCE, 18th, August 27 - September 01, 2017, João Pessoa, PB. Abstract... 2017. p. 262-262.

    Abstract: In the past years, the development of materials for organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) have attracted much attentions [1]. In this sense, the present work reports about syntheses, characterization, Photo (PL) - and electroluminescence (EL) properties of Al-indandionate complexes of formula [Al(aind)3], where aind: 2-acetyl-1,3-indandionate (acind), 2-benzoyl-1,3-indandionate (bind) or 2-(4-methyl)benzoyl-1,3-indandionate (mbind). These complexes were characterized by elemental analyses, Fourier-infrared absorption spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analyses and 1H-NMR. Photoluminescent spectra of the complexes in both powder and thin film exhibited overlapped broad bands associated to both fluorescence and phosphorescence (see time-resolved spectra, Fig. 1a) phenomena. The electroluminescent devices of configuration ITO/β-NPB/Al(aind)3/LiF/Al (1) exhibited emission in the red spectral region associated to electrophosphorescence (figure 1.b). On the other hand, the three layers devices of configuration ITO/β-NPB/spiro-2CBP/Al(aind)3/Al (2) showed an intensity band in green spectral region (figure 1.b). The OLEDs presented emission from low voltage (~8V), reaching the highest intensity around 16 V. According to these results, the Al-indandionate complexes act as both efficient electron transporters and emitting layers. In addition, these data suggest that TADF process is operative in the bilayer devices.

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  • IPEN-DOC 24508

    GONZALES, CARLOS D.; WATANABE, SHIGUEO; BUENO, CARMEN C. ; GENNARI, ROSELI F.; CANO, NILO F.. Synthetic un-doped and doped CaSiO3 Polycrystal for Thermal Neutron Detection. In: INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON LUMINESCENCE, 18th, August 27 - September 01, 2017, João Pessoa, PB. Abstract... 2017. p. 261-261.

    Abstract: Many natural or laboratory produced silicate crystals are sensitive TL materials. In this work, synthetic polycrystals of CaSiO3 and CdSiO3 have been produced for investigation as gamma and neutron detector. Some of them were doped with Cd, B, Eu and Dy having in mind thermal neutrons detection. For very low dose dosimetry Cs-137, 662 keV gamma rays have shown that mGy doses can be detected. Hence, they can be used in monitoring radiotherapy or in nuclear medicine. These detectors responds well to high to very high dose radiation. Since Cd, B, Eu and Dy have large (n, γ) cross section for thermal neutrons CaSiO3 doped with 1000 ppm Eu, 135 ppm B, 392 ppm Cd and 500 ppm Dy were produced. They were then irradiated with thermal neutron with various fluences at the research reactor IEA-R1 of the Institute for Energy and Nuclear Researches, São Paulo. Except for Eu doped CaSiO3, all the others presented glow curves with TL peaks at 110-130, 240-250 and 375 °C. The second peak is the prominent one. It is interesting to note that doped or non-doped except for Eu doped sample, all of them presented relatively close responses to both γ-rays and thermal neutron. Eu doped calcium silicate detector presented also three peaks but at 150, 235 and 375 °C, the last one being prominent one. Mechanism of the interaction of neutrons and detectors will be discussed at the meeting.

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  • IPEN-DOC 24507

    JUNOT, D.O.; SANTOS, A.G.M.; CALDAS, L.V.E. ; SOUZA, D.N.. TL/OSL properties of CaSO4:Tm and CaSO4:Tm,Ag crystals. In: INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON LUMINESCENCE, 18th, August 27 - September 01, 2017, João Pessoa, PB. Abstract... 2017. p. 253-253.

    Abstract: Thermoluminescence (TL) is a useful technique to measure ionizing radiation. Nowadays, optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) technique has been also used in this type of monitoring, mostly because of no need of heating samples. Thus, the motivation of this work was to produce TL/OSL dosimeters based on crystals of CaSO4 doped with thulium and silver, by means of a suitable new route. The crystals were produced by an adaptation of the slow evaporation route using calcium carbonate (CaCO3) as precursor, and incorporating the dopants (Tm2O3, and silver nanoparticles) in a solution of sulfuric acid, which is evaporated resulting in CaSO4:Tm or CaSO4:Tm,Ag crystal powder. X-ray diffraction analyses showed that produced samples exhibit only a single phase corresponding to the crystal structure of anhydrite. Radioluminescence confirmed the presence of Tm3+ in the crystal matrix. TL/OSL characteristics such as glow curves, linearity, reproducibility, fading, kinetics order, and activation energy were evaluated. Samples doped with Tm and silver nanoparticles have shown the highest TL intensity and lowest fading, and were compared with commercial TLDs (TLD-100, TLD-900).

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  • IPEN-DOC 24506

    VALERIANO, C.C.S. ; MORENO, C.S.; CORREA, E.L. ; SAKURABA, R.K.; CAMPOS, L.L. . Equivalence between Solid Water and printed ABS plates for 6 MV clinical photon beam - an assessment using thermoluminescent dosimetry. In: INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON LUMINESCENCE, 18th, August 27 - September 01, 2017, João Pessoa, PB. Abstract... 2017. p. 245-245.

    Abstract: Three dimensional models of anatomical structures produced by rapid prototyping are being adopted for medical application as hemodynamics studies and maxillofacial surgery planning. Models with geometrical accuracy can be achieved using medical images as MRI or CT and produced using polyurethane, polylactic acid and epoxy resins. Changing materials and densities is possible achieve the desired tissue-equivalence[1]. This work was developed in order to analyze the equivalence between the printed ABS and the Solid Water, by using the thermoluminescent dosimetry, in order to evaluate the viability of build a phantom for radiotherapy with a 3D printer. The ABS plates with different thickness used in this study were printed using a 3D Printer model UP Plus 2, making use of the higher quality of impression (“Solid Honeycomb”[2]) which gives the strongest printed part. Solid water RMI-457 plates with different thickness were used as standard material. In order to analyze the results obtained by the measurements done with the TLDs it was done the planning of the irradiations using the planning treatment system EclipseTM. The Analytical Anisotropic Algorithm (AAA) was applied to perform the calculus of absorbed dose. The comparison between the dose calculated by the AAA and the dose measured by TLD showed that the percentage between them was higher than 5%[3]. The calculus of the dose it was redone using the Acuros XB advanced dose calculation (AXB), presenting a difference less than 3% in all measured depths. The depth dose percentage was then calculated. Comparing the depth dose for Solid Water and for ABS will be noted that the ABS seems not to have equivalence with the Solid Water since differences are higher than 5%, but it is not possible to affirm yet that ABS cannot be used to produce phantoms for clinical dosimetry. It is necessary to develop a phantom with different print qualities or using more than one printed material (e. g. printed PLA) to achieve the desired attenuation/scattering of the radiation.

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  • IPEN-DOC 24505

    VALENCA, JOAO V.B.; SILVA, ANIELLE C.A.; DANTAS, NOELIO O.; CALDAS, LINDA V.E. ; DERRICO, FRANCESCO; SOUZA, SUSANA O.. Optically stimulated luminescence of the 20Li2O– (X)K2O – (80 - X)B2O3 glass system. In: INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON LUMINESCENCE, 18th, August 27 - September 01, 2017, João Pessoa, PB. Abstract... 2017. p. 240-240.

    Abstract: The main goal of this work was to analyze the optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) signal for a borate glass containing lithium and potassium oxides as glass modifiers. This type of glass presents desirable characteristics for dosimetry and has been intensively analyzed for TL [1]. Five glass formulations were produced [20Li2O – XK2O – (80-X)B2O3; X=10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 mol%] and analyzed regarding their OSL signal when exposed to a beta emitter source. If the total area below the curve was considered (Fig.1a), the composition named as L10KB presented the most intense signal. However, if the initial OSL intensity was chosen (Fig.1b), L15KB was the most sensitive. A comparison of the OSL decay for the two quoted compositions, after the application of a pre-heating process of 200 oC/10 s, showed a slightly change in the decay pattern comparing to the case without pre-heating. Pre-heating treatments also showed the relation between the shallow traps and the fast component of the OSL decay for L15KB, which was already noted for phosphate glasses [2]. For all compositions, an increase in the dose implied in an increase of the emitted signal, and no signal of saturation was verified for the tested dose range (0.1 Gy to 7 Gy).

    Palavras-Chave: luminescence; luminescent dosemeters; borates; boron oxides; thermoluminescence; x-ray diffraction; differential thermal analysis; lithium carbonates; potassium carbonates

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  • IPEN-DOC 24504

    SANTOS, W.S. ; NEVES, L.P. ; PERINI, A.P.; BELINATO, W.; CALDAS, L.V.E. . Evaluation of polymer gels using Monte Carlo simulations. In: INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON LUMINESCENCE, 18th, August 27 - September 01, 2017, João Pessoa, PB. Abstract... 2017. p. 237-237.

    Abstract: The use of Monte Carlo simulations in dosimetry is a well established area of research, and several correction factors, for ionization chambers, are evaluated with these simulations. Some simulated values are considered even more reliable than the experimental measurements. Besides these uses with ionization chambers, Monte Carlo simulations may also be employed in the development and characterization of new dosimetric materials, as polymer gels. Polymer gels are largely employed in radiotherapy dosimetry to mimic human tissue [1,2]. New polymer gels were studied in order to better represent different organs or tissues, to provide more reliable results, or even to use different measurement techniques. The objective of this study is to evaluate the dosimetric properties of polymer gels, in relation to its mass-energy absorption coefficients, energy response and tissue equivalence. For this purpose the MCNPX Monte Carlo code was utilized. Four different materials, employed in radiotherapy dosimetry were evaluated in this work: MAGAS (methacrylic acid gelatine gel with ascorbic acid), MAGAT (methacrylic acid gelatine and tetrakis), AMPS (2-Acrylamido-2-MethylPropane Sulfonic acid) and MAGIC (Methacrylic and Ascorbic acid in Gelatin Initiated by Copper). For all simulations carried out, the values were within an acceptable uncertainty and in accordance to the expected results.

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  • IPEN-DOC 24503

    COURROL, LILIA C.; SAMAD, RICARDO E. . Determination of chicken meat contamination by porphyrin fluorescence. In: INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON LUMINESCENCE, 18th, August 27 - September 01, 2017, João Pessoa, PB. Abstract... 2017. p. 220-220.

    Abstract: Meat quality is normally defined by the combination of factors such as visual appearance, smell, firmness, succulence, tenderness, and flavor[1-3]. Contamination of poultry meat with pathogens remains an important public health issue, because it can lead to illness due to negligence in handling, cooking or post-cooking storage of the product. Conventionally, quality tests of meat are assessed by visual evaluation or chemical analysis, which has the disadvantages of being subjective and time-consuming. To improve the detection accuracy and production efficiency, it is proposed the evaluation of porphyrin [4] contents of meat by fluorescence spectroscopy, considering that most microorganisms and animal cells excrete porphyrins. For this purpose, chicken meat was cut in small pieces, and separated in three groups; the control group where the meat was conserved under refrigeration and experimental groups where the meat pieces were kept for 24 and 30 hs at room temperature. Porphyrin was extracted from the meat and the fluorescence was measured in the range 550–750 nm, exciting samples around 400 nm. Fluorescence lifetime was also studied. To ensure porphyrin synthesis, a concentration of 9.3 mM of δ-Aminolevulinic acid (ALA) was added to meat 2 hs before porphyrin extraction. The results have shown that the porphyrin fluorescence increased in meat kept at room temperature and incubated with ALA, due to the presence of microorganisms, indicating a new method to test meat quality.

    Palavras-Chave: animal cells; chemical analysis; animals; chickens; contamination; meat; fluorescence spectroscopy; porphyrins; food; emission spectroscopy; organic compounds

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  • IPEN-DOC 24502

    NOVAIS, A.L.F.; SOUZA, L.F. ; ABREU, C.M.; BARRERA, G.R.; SOUZA, D.N.. Luminescence and lifetime properties of rare-earth doped phosphate glass. In: INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON LUMINESCENCE, 18th, August 27 - September 01, 2017, João Pessoa, PB. Abstract... 2017. p. 192-192.

    Abstract: This work aims to investigate the characteristics related to the luminescence spectra of phosphate glass PbO-In2O3-P2O5 and PbO-P2O5, doped respectively with 1.0 wt% of Nd3+ and Eu3+. These glasses were produced by melt and rapid cooling method. The compounds are from Sigma Aldrich with a 99.99% degree of purity. The spectral characteristics of Nd3+, Eu3+, ions in phosphates are important to optical applications. Such glasses can be useful as optical fibers doped and in solid-state lasers. The emission and excitation spectra were obtained using a spectrofluorometer (Nanolog - Horiba) with a photomultiplier tube R928P equipped with a Xenon lamp (CW 450 W) as the excitation source, and a filter of 399 nm. Lifetime was also obtained with the NanoLog, using the same lamp and detector. The figure 1.(a) show luminescence spectra of Nd3+ (excitation 524 nm) where they were observed three bands at 898 nm, 1056 nm and 1325 nm that are characteristic of Nd3+ ions in glasses. The figure 1.(b) show luminescence spectra of Eu3+ (excitation 381 nm) where they were observed five bands at 579 nm, 592 nm, 612 nm, 652 nm and 700 nm that are characteristic of Eu3+ ions in glasses.

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  • IPEN-DOC 24501

    PARRA, D.F. ; MARCHINI, L.G. ; LUGAO, A.B. ; FELINTO, M.C. . Luminescent polypropylene - strategy for Eu-doping in apolar polymer. In: INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON LUMINESCENCE, 18th, August 27 - September 01, 2017, João Pessoa, PB. Abstract... 2017. p. 190-190.

    Abstract: Researches and publications about luminescent polymers have been developed in the last years due the academic innovation1; however the application is very limited at industrial area. Optical markers processed are few explored due the difficult to process this kind of luminescent materials. The materials used to obtain luminescent polymeric material doped with europium complex was [Eu(tta)3(H2O)2]. Polyolefin are apolar, inert under common process of doping, because of this, luminescent polypropylene was indirectly prepared by polymeric matrix doped with europium complex/poliamide of casting process. Material characterization was done using Thermalgravimetric analysis (TG), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and spectrofluorescence of emission and excitation. The blended optical marker Pol:Eu(tta)3 has luminescent properties as observed in the narrow bands of intraconfiguration transitions– 4f6 relatives to energy levels 7F0 → 5L6 (394nm), 7F0 → 5D3 (415nm), 7F0 → 5D2 (464nm), 7F0 → 5D1 (525nm) e 7F0 → 5D0 (578nm) of emission spectrum. Red light of the pellets or films is emitted when the materials are exposed in UV lamp (365nm). In this work was possible to process luminescent polypropylene:Eu optical marker with thermal and photo stability properties adequate to use as optical marker in extrusion process.

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  • IPEN-DOC 23107

    SALES, T.S.N. ; CAVALCANTE, F.H.M.; BOSCH-SANTOS, B. ; PEREIRA, L.F.D. ; CABRERA-PASCA, G.A.; FREITAS, R.S.; SAXENA, R.N. ; CARBONARI, A.W. . Stable tetragonal phase and magnetic properties of Fe-doped HfO2 nanoparticles. AIP Advances, v. 07, n. 05, p. 056315-1 - 056315-6, 2017. DOI: 10.1063/1.4976583

    Abstract: In this paper, the effect in structural and magnetic properties of iron doping with concentration of 20% in hafnium dioxide (HfO2) nanoparticles is investigated. HfO2 is a wide band gap oxide with great potential to be used as high-permittivity gate dielectrics, which can be improved by doping. Nanoparticle samples were prepared by sol-gel chemical method and had their structure, morphology, and magnetic properties, respectively, investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with electron back scattering diffraction (EBSD), and magnetization measurements. TEM and SEM results show size distribution of particles in the range from 30 nm to 40 nm with small dispersion. Magnetization measurements show the blocking temperature at around 90 K with a strong paramagnetic contribution. XRD results show a major tetragonal phase (94%).

    Palavras-Chave: nanoparticles; doped materials; hafnium oxides; magnetic properties; iron oxides; phase stability; tetragonal lattices

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  • IPEN-DOC 24500

    ICHIKAWA, R.U. ; PARRA, J.P.R.L.L.; VALLCORBA, O.; PERAL, I.; YOSHITO, W.K. ; SAEKI, M.J.; TURRILLAS, X.; MARTINEZ, L.G. . Mn-Zn ferrite nanoparticles probed by synchrotron pair distribution function analysis and anomalous X-ray scattering. In: RAU ANNUAL USERS MEETING LNLS/CNPEM, 27th, November 22-24, 2017, Campinas, SP. Abstract... 2017. p. 99-99.

    Abstract: Among the numerous applications of Mn1-xZnxFe2O4 nanoparticles we can highlight biomedical applications as magnetic tracer in Alternate Current Biosusceptometry (ACB), Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), for diagnosis of cancer and others diseases as diabetes and Parkinson, whose severity can be monitored by analyzing the disturbances of the gastrointestinal motility [1,2]. Specifically, the former (ACB) method is promising because of its low cost, it is non-invasive method and because it can be conducted without ionizing radiation. Major advances have been achieved by developing a bionanocomposite based on ferrites for the theranostics [3] as well, of breast cancer, by carrying drugs or hyperthermia. Recently, we reported that Mn0.75Zn0.25Fe2.8O4 nanoparticles with different surface charge can be produced precipitating them by NaOH with different concentrations [2]. This behavior is observed if an excess of Iron is introduced to the ferrite. Five samples precipitated with different NaOH concentrations were analyzed by X-ray synchrotron diffraction (XRD) which revealed a less crystalline phase contribution alongside the main peaks of the cubic spinel ferrite phase. Pair Distribution Function (PDF) analysis was used to probe the local structure and showed that Fe-Fe, Mn-Mn and Zn-Zn bond distances in the 3.0 up to 3.5 Å range are different from the ones usually reported in the literature. Lastly, for the sample with best magnetic behavior anomalous X-ray scattering (AXS) using three energies close to the absorption edges of Mn, Zn and Fe was applied to determine its cation distribution complementing the previous result from PDF analysis.

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  • IPEN-DOC 24499

    OLZON-DIONYSIO, D.; SOUZA, S.D. de; MARTINEZ, L.G. ; CAMPOS, M.; SILVA, E.H. da; OLZON-DIONYSIO, M.. Study of the profile of layer formed in plasma nitride austenitic stainless steel. In: RAU ANNUAL USERS MEETING LNLS/CNPEM, 27th, November 22-24, 2017, Campinas, SP. Abstract... 2017. p. 117-117.

    Abstract: The ASTM F138 and AISI 316L stainless steels are used as biomaterials and for industrial applications. Studies related to the application of plasma nitriding to such materials have been given much attention and it has been the subject of a systematic study in our research [1-5]. If temperatures up to 4000 C is used in the process, a nitrided layer of some micrometers is produced, which improves important properties in this context as high hardness, wear resistance and also corrosion resistance. The nitrided layer is formed by the composite layer which consists of iron and chromium nitrides, and concentrates on the surface, as well as the nitrogen diffusion layer which is located in the inner region, known as expanded austenite γN. Compared to matrix g-phase reflections, γN-phase diffraction peaks are broader and shifted to lower angles. The γN(200) peak positions are more deviated relatively to γ(200) than other planes, demonstrating a distortion from the cubic fcc unit cell. Up to now, the crystalline structure of this phase is still a matter of debate and it has not been completely clarified. We have developed some measurements using synchrotron radiation, which allows for both a higher intensity and a better resolution, in order to elucidate this important phase formed in the nitriding process [4,5]. With the aim of investigate the depth distribution of composite layer of some ASTM F138 samples, which were nitrided at 400º C at different conditions of AC voltage frequency, synchrotron radiation diffraction was carried out using 7.0 keV energy. The XRD patterns were measured using different grazing angles. Measurements revealed that the iron and chromium nitrides, from the composite layer, decrease rapidly with depth. The results will be presented and discussed, contributing to better elucidate this important phase formed in the nitriding process.

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  • IPEN-DOC 24498

    ASSUNCAO, I.P.; BRITO, H.F.; SILVA, I.G.N.; PEDROSO, C.C.S.; FELINTO, M.C.F.C. ; MALTA, O.L.. Spectroscopic study of RE complexes with aliphatic dicarboxylate ligands. In: INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON LUMINESCENCE, 18th, August 27 - September 01, 2017, João Pessoa, PB. Abstract... 2017. p. 92-92.

    Abstract: The metal carboxylate complexes possess a great variety of applications such as porosity, gas storage, catalyses, medical and optical markers. This work reports the synthesis and systematic spectroscopic study of a class of compounds with general formula [RE2(L)3·x(H2O)]y(H2O), where RE = Eu3+, Gd3+, Tb3+, “x” values varying from 2 to 6, “y” values varying from 0 to 4 and L is an aliphatic dicarboxylate containing from 2 up to 12 C atoms. The complexes [RE2(L)3·x(H2O)]y(H2O) were synthetized based on literature [1] with yield values around 90% by coprecipitation method. The complexes were characterized via elemental analysis (CHN), thermal analysis (TG), X-ray diffraction (XRD) infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The CHN, FTIR and TG indicate that the complexes are hydrated. The FTIR spectra indicate that the ligand-metal bonds are via chelate-bridging. The XRD patterns indicate high crystallinity and the systems are isomorphic to the same ligand. The emission spectra, represented by the azelate complexes of Eu3+ and Tb3+, present a highly intense red and green-color emission under UV excitation (254 nm), respectively to the Eu3+ and Tb3+ ions. Moreover, characteristic narrow emission bands arising from the 5D0→7FJ (J = 0-4) transitions of Eu3+, 5D4→7FJ (J = 6-0) transitions of Tb3+. The splitting of emission bands of Eu3+ complexes suggests high crystallinity and low symmetry around the metal ion, supporting the XRD data

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  • IPEN-DOC 24494

    SILA, L.R.; LEAL NETO, R.M. ; FIORIN, B.; RAMOS, A.S.; RAMOS, E.C.T.. Microstructural characterization of mechanically alloyed and sintered Ni-48Ti-2Fe and Ni-45Ti-5Fe alloys. In: LATIN AMERICAN CONFERENCE ON METASTABLE AND NANOSTRUCTURED MATERIALS, 7th, March 19-22, 2017, Brotas, SP. Abstract... 2017.

    Abstract: Ni-Ti alloys, also known as nitinol, are based on the martensitic NiTi phase (monoclinic B’19 structure) exhibit unique properties such as shape memory effect and super elasticity, and its martensitic transformation temperature depends on the nitinol composition and processing. Its typical value is a temperature range between 20-50 °C. The use of alloying can contribute to avoid the undesirable Ni3Ti and NiTi2 formation. According to the isothermal section at 900oC of the Ti-Ni-Fe system, it exists a wide single-phase region extended from the NiTi to FeNi. High-energy ball milling can produce nanomaterials and metastable structures. The present work reports on the microstructural characterization of the Ni-48Ti-2Fe and Ni-45Ti-5Fe alloys prepared by high-energy ball milling and subsequent sintering. The elemental powder mixtures were processed for different times (1, 3 and 5 hours) in a planetary Fritsch P-5 ball mill under argon atmosphere using hardened steel vials (225 mL) and balls (12mm diameter), rotary speed of 200 rpm, and a ball-to-powder weight ratio of 10:1. Green bodies with 10 mm diameter were compacted by axial pressing and sintered at 900oC and 1100oC for 4 h under argon atmosphere. Information on the phase transformations in the milled powders and sintered alloys were obtained by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectrometry, and thermal analyses (DSC/TG). Only the Ni and Ti peaks were noted in XRD patterns of the Ni-48Ti-2Fe and Ni-45Ti-5Fe powders milled for 5 h. In addition, the major Ni and Ti peaks were broadened and moved toward the indicating that the iron atoms were preferentially dissolved into the Ni lattice to form extended solid solutions. The microstructures of the sintered Ni-48Ti- 2Fe and Ni-45Ti-5Fe alloys were mainly formed by the NiTi phase (monoclinic B’19 structure), and their martensitic transformations were close to 50oC.

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  • IPEN-DOC 24491

    GUILHEN, SABINE N. ; ORTIZ, NILCE ; FUNGARO, DENISE A. . Pyrolytic temperature evaluation of macauba biochar for uranium adsorption from aqueous solutions. In: BERRUTI, FRANCO (Ed.); OCONE, RAFFAELLA (Ed.); MASEK, ONDREJ (Ed.) BIOCHAR: PRODUCTION, CHARACTERIZATION AND APPLICATIONS, August 20-25, 2017, Alba, Italy. Abstract... New York, NY, USA: Engineering Conferences International, 2017.

    Abstract: Macauba (Acrocomia aculeata) is a palm tree native to the tropical regions of America. In Brazil, it is prevalent in the savannah, known as “cerrado”. A valuable natural and renewable source of vegetable oil for food and cosmetic industries (nut oil) and for biodiesel (mesocarp oil), macauba has the potential to become the new “green gold” of Brazil, not only for its oil quality, but because it could solely be destined for commercial purposes, since it doesn’t compete with food market industry such as soybean and sugar cane. The dark stiff part that protects the nut, called “endocarp”, is generated as a residue in a considerable amount after the processing of the nut oil.

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  • IPEN-DOC 24485

    COUTINHO, G.C.S. ; FALCAO, R.B. ; SILVA, R.A.; ROCHA, C.J. ; LEIVA, D.R.; ISHIKAWA, T.T.; BOTTA, W.J.; LEAL NETO, R.M. . MgH2-TiFe composite for hydrogen storage: synthesis and characterization. In: LATIN AMERICAN CONFERENCE ON METASTABLE AND NANOSTRUCTURED MATERIALS, 7th, March 19-22, 2017, Brotas, SP. Abstract... 2017.

    Abstract: MgH2 - 40wt.% TiFe composites were mechanical alloyed by high-energy ball milling, starting from both compounds, under high-purity argon atmosphere. In this case, the aim was to combine TiFe compound, which absorbs and desorbs hydrogen at or very near room temperature, with Mg, which has higher storage capacity. To avoid or reduce adherence on the vial and balls commercial MgH2 powder, instead of Mg, was used. TiFe was synthesized following a route described previously [1]. Three sets of experiments were done. In the first and second sets, MgH2 and TiFe powders were individually pre-milled in a shaker mill for 0.5 and 1 hour, respectively. Both milled powders were further mechanical alloyed in a planetary mill for 6 hours with ball-to-powder weight ratio (BPWR) of 40:1 (first set), or in a shaker mill for 2 hours, with BPWR of 30:1 (second set). In the third set, milling of both powders was conducted only in the shaker mill for 2 and 4 hours. Cyclohexane was used as process control agent in all experiments. DRX analysis showed no reaction between MgH2 and TiFe compound in all milled samples. Microstructural analysis by SEM revealed that TiFe particle size was 15% lower when pre-milling stage was performed (first and second sets of experiments). In the third set of experiments, TiFe particle size was reduced about 35% comparing milled samples for 2 and 4 hours (shaker mill). PCT and kinetics measurements were carried out in a Sieverts' type apparatus (under constant hydrogen flow) after heating the samples at 623K under vacuum for hydrogen desorption from MgH2. Results showed a increased hydrogen absorption capacity (about 4 wt % H2) for samples with lower TiFe particle size, which is accomplished after milling for 4 hours in the shaker mill.

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  • IPEN-DOC 24484

    CORREIA, C.S.C. ; GATTI, L.V. ; DOMINGUES, L.G. ; SANTOS, R.S. ; COSTA, W.R.; CRISPIM, S.P.; BORGES, V.F. ; MARANI, L.; GLOOR, E.U.; MILLER, J.B.. Long term nitrous oxide measurements over amazon basin using small aircraft. In: WMO/IAEA MEETING ON CARBON DIOXIDE, OTHER GREENHOUSE GASES, AND RELATED MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES, 19th, August 27-31, 2017, Empa Dübendorf, Switzerland. Abstract... Geneva, Switzerland: World Meteorological Organization, 2017.

    Abstract: The Nitrous Oxide (N2O) is the third most important natural greenhouse gas on Earth (WMO, 2016). Globally, the main sources are nitrification and denitrification promoted by microorganisms and it can be natural (~60%) or anthropogenic (~40%) (IPCC, 2007). Approximately two thirds of soil emissions are provided from tropical areas and ~20% of this are from rainforests ecosystems as the region we have studied (Van Haren et al., 2005; Melillo et al. 2001). In Brazil 87% of N2O anthropogenic emissions are from agricultural activities. In this study, natural air was sampled in glass flasks using small aircraft over four sites in the brazilian Amazon Basin in order to have a great quadrant to better understand the whole area: Alta Floresta (ALF; 8.80ºS, 56.75ºW), Rio Branco (RBA; 9.38ºS, 67.62ºW), Santarém (SAN; 2.86ºS, 54.95ºW) and Tabatinga (TAB; 5.96ºS, 70.06ºW), ALF, RBA and TAB sites started in 2010 and we still perform sampling in these sites, the last one changed to Tefé (TEF; 3.39°S, 65.6°W) in 2013 due to technical problems. The measurements in SAN started in 2000 and the quantification was done by NOAA until 2003, after this year the analysis started to being done by our laboratory. The mixing ratios in all the studied stations have presented an increase along the years, varying from ~316ppm in 2000 in to ~330ppm in the present days, i.e. a mean growth rate of ~0.82ppm yr-1, which is consistent with global data where the growth rate for the past 10 years is around 0.89 ppm yr-1(WMO, 2016).

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  • IPEN-DOC 24487

    ROSSETTO, C.M.; MARTINEZ, L.G. ; ICHIKAWA, R.U. ; CAREZZATO, G.L. ; CARVALHO, A.M.G.; TURRILLAS, X.. Study of hydration of sulphoaluminate cement by in situ synchrotron diffraction. In: RAU ANNUAL USERS MEETING LNLS/CNPEM, November 22-24, 2017, Campinas, SP. Abstract... 2017. p. 135-135.

    Abstract: The hydration of calcium sulphoaluminate cement mixtures was studied in situ by synchrotron X-ray diffraction at the XRD1 beamline at the Laboratório Nacional de Luz Síncrotron (LNLS – Campinas). The specimens were analyzed in borosilicate glass capillary tubes of 0.7 mm and imbued with deionized water. As the hydration reaction is very fast, the data collection was started after two minutes of mixing with water. The Xray wavelength chosen to get an adequate flux for these short time acquisitions was 1.033258 Å (12 keV), determined with a corundum standard. Diffraction patterns were collected every 35 seconds at temperatures ranging from 40 °C to 55 °C with accuracy better than 0.1 °C attained with a hot air blower. The diffracted signal was collected with an array of 24 Mythen detectors [1]. The diffraction patterns accumulated had appropriate statistics to determine the kinetics of the reaction either by quantitative Rietveld analysis or by fitting isolated diffraction peaks to Gaussian curves as a function of time. The most important phases involved in the hydration are Klein´s salt, also known as Ye’elimite, Ca4(AlO2)6SO4, and gypsum, CaSO4.2H2O to yield Ettringite, Ca6Al2(SO4)3(OH)12·26H2O, phase responsible for the mechanical properties. These studies show the potential of XRD1 beamline to investigate at controlled temperatures in situ fast reactions involving crystalline phases with time resolutions inferior to one minute, which is ideal for the hydration of cementitious mixtures. The series of diffraction patterns collected for one and half hour are shown in Figure 1(a) and (b). In Figure 1(c) the evolution of the relative proportions of crystalline phases can be seen. Non-crystalline phases such as CSH gel or Al(OH)3 (gibbsite) are not taken in consideration [2]. The figures clearly show that the ettringite formation happens in two stages, the second one starting after approximately forty minutes. It is also interesting to notice that this stages seem to coincide with the depletion of Ca2SiO4 (C2S) for the first stage and the depletion of Ca3SiO5 (C3S) for the second one.

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  • IPEN-DOC 24483

    BARBOSA, HELLIOMAR P.; PEDROSO, CASSIO C.S.; SILVA, IVAN G.N.; FELINTO, MARIA C.F.C. ; MALTA, OSCAR L.; BRITO, HERMI F.. Multicolor emission in single-phase Ca(MoO4)(WO4):Dy3+, Eu3+ materials prepared by rapid synthesis. In: INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON LUMINESCENCE, 18th, August 27 - September 01, 2017, João Pessoa, PB. Abstract... 2017. p. 393-393.

    Abstract: Solid state materials with dynamic emission colors form the basis of future smart lighting systems for a wide variety of everyday applications [1]. For this reason, the rare earth ions (RE3+) doping materials overtake the design of such systems exhibit easy tuning of colors and likewise offer straightforward spectral interpretations with their narrow lines characteristics. In this work we report preparation as well as the spectroscopic properties of the single phase new highly tricolor luminescent emitting of Eu3+, Dy3+ codoped into the Ca(MO4)(WO4) host lattice. The materials were prepared at room temperature exposed to ultrasonic irradiation for 30 min from stoichiometry aqueous solutions of Na2MoO4, Na2WO4, CaCl2, EuCl3 and DyCl3 (XDy: 0.3; XEu: 0.1 mol% of the Ca2+ amount). The as prepared materials were washed with distilled water, filtered and after dried. In the excitation spectrum, there is a broad band in the range 220-350 nm corresponding to the Ligandto- metal charge transfer (LMCT) (Fig.). This band can be deconvoluted into two bands. The band located at 270 nm is due only to the charge transfer O2-W6+, whereas that centered at 300 nm indicates energy transfer from O2-Mo6+, and O2-Eu3+. The emission arising mainly from the Dy3+ 4F9/26H15/2, 6H13/2 and Eu3+ 5D07F2, 7F4 transitions are due to the 488, 575, 614 and 700 nm, respectively (Fig.). In the 353 nm excitation wavelength the phosphor exhibits warm white color emission. These results suggest that Ca(MoO4)(WO4):Dy3+, Eu3+ could act as a multicolor phosphor in solid state-lighting technology.

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  • IPEN-DOC 24497

    SELLERA, FABIO P.; NASCIMENTO, CRISTIANE L.; POGLIANI, FABIO C.; SABINO, CAETANO P. ; RIBEIRO, MARTHA S. . Future perspectives. In: SELLERA, FABIO P. (Ed.); NASCIMENTO, CRISTIANE L. (Ed.); RIBEIRO, MARTHA S. (Ed.). Photodynamic therapy in veterinary medicine: from basics to clinical practice. Gewerbestrasse, Switzerland: Springer, 2016. p. 209-222, DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-45007-0_14

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    Abstract: Nowadays, it is clear that the activity of different photosensitizers (PSs) has a strong potential for moving photodynamic therapy (PDT) to clinical practice. Present technologies as dedicated light sources, new PSs, and nanotechnology are emerging strategies to promote PDT as a reliable, cost-effective, and safe approach to veterinary medicine. This chapter addresses an overview of emerging clinical applications and recent technologies to encourage veterinarians toward PDT.

    Palavras-Chave: veterinary medicine; photodynamic therapy; photosensitivity; diseases; therapeutic uses

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  • IPEN-DOC 24496

    SELLERA, FABIO P.; POGLIANI, FABIO C.; SABINO, CAETANO P. . Other practices in PDT. In: SELLERA, FABIO P. (Ed.); NASCIMENTO, CRISTIANE L. (Ed.); RIBEIRO, MARTHA S. (Ed.). Photodynamic therapy in veterinary medicine: from basics to clinical practice. Gewerbestrasse, Switzerland: Springer, 2016. p. 197-207, DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-45007-0_13

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    Abstract: In addition to clinical PDT applications regarding antimicrobial and antineoplastic activity, photodynamic reactions have also been used in several other practices such as for fish tank decontamination, water treatment, antiangiogenic therapy for age-related macular degeneration, decontamination of surfaces, and even inactivation of pathogens for blood transfusion. Nowadays, not all potentials of photodynamic reactions are commercially available yet, but they definitely deserve to be highlighted in this chapter as alternative applications of photodynamic reactions in veterinary medicine.

    Palavras-Chave: veterinary medicine; photodynamic therapy; sterilization; water treatment; decontamination

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  • IPEN-DOC 24254

    SELLERA, FABIO P.; NASCIMENTO, CRISTIANE L.; RIBEIRO, MARTHA S. . Clinical applications of antimicrobial PDT. In: SELLERA, FABIO P. (Ed.); NASCIMENTO, CRISTIANE L. (Ed.); RIBEIRO, MARTHA S. (Ed.). Photodynamic therapy in veterinary medicine: from basics to clinical practice. Gewerbestrasse, Switzerland: Springer, 2016. p. 169-196, DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-45007-0_12

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    Abstract: Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a noninvasive, painless, and safe procedure that can be used on a wide range of diseases in clinical practice. Dermatology for dogs and cats is emerging as one of the main areas of interest for the application of this therapeutic approach; however, despite being a promising technique to treat various dermatological diseases, researchers and clinicians have made little use of this powerful tool. The farm animals’ medicine has evolved over the past few years, and the growing demand of consumers looking for absence of residues in animal products becomes essential in the search for alternatives to conventional treatments. Although the bulk of researches on PDT in veterinary medicine are to treat domestic animals, there is a great appeal for its clinical application in exotic, zoo, and wildlife medicine. In this chapter, we describe potential applications of PDT in veterinary clinical practice.

    Palavras-Chave: antimicrobial agents; methylene blue; skin diseases; veterinary medicine; photodynamic therapy

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  • IPEN-DOC 24253

    NASCIMENTO, CRISTIANE L.; SELLERA, FABIO P.; RIBEIRO, MARTHA S. . Basic studies in antimicrobial PDT. In: SELLERA, FABIO P. (Ed.); NASCIMENTO, CRISTIANE L. (Ed.); RIBEIRO, MARTHA S. (Ed.). Photodynamic therapy in veterinary medicine: from basics to clinical practice. Gewerbestrasse, Switzerland: Springer, 2016. p. 157-168, DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-45007-0_11

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    Abstract: Microorganisms (MO) multiply rapidly and mutations that guarantee its survival forward to antimicrobials become prevalent in new populations. The inexorable rise of multidrug-resistant MO leads to an effort to search for alternative approaches that, hypothetically, MO could not easily develop resistance. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an effective alternative treatment for infected lesions in animals. The goal of the technique is to destroy a sufficient number of pathogenic MO to prevent recolonization and avoid unacceptable destruction of the host tissue. An important observation concerns the selectivity of the photosensitizer by microbial cells when compared to the host. This is because the photosensitizer (PS) uptake by host cells is slower than by MO. If the site of infection is irradiated after a short interval from the PS application (minutes), the damage to host tissue is minimized. Currently, antimicrobial PDT has proven its effectiveness against bacteria, virus, fungi, and parasites. This chapter reviews the literature regarding antimicrobial PDT especially for veterinary medicine.

    Palavras-Chave: antimicrobial agents; methylene blue; cattle; skin diseases; infectious diseases

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  • IPEN-DOC 24464

    NASCIMENTO, CRISTIANE L.; SELLERA, FABIO P.; RIBEIRO, MARTHA S. . How to enter PDT in clinical practice?. In: SELLERA, FABIO P. (Ed.); NASCIMENTO, CRISTIANE L. (Ed.); RIBEIRO, MARTHA S. (Ed.). Photodynamic therapy in veterinary medicine: from basics to clinical practice. Gewerbestrasse, Switzerland: Springer, 2016. p. 111-123, DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-45007-0_8

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    Abstract: The photodynamic therapy stands out, not only for the few adverse effects to the veterinary patient but also for presenting environmental safety, not inducing microbial resistance and reducing generation of residual drugs on products intended for human consumption. After understanding the full potential of this new therapeutic modality through the previous chapters, the purpose of this chapter is to cover the main aspects to be considered by veterinarians to move PDT to clinical practice. It will be presented how the light source and photosensitizers should be chosen as well as the application modes for both antimicrobial and cancer PDT. Biosafety will also be addressed.

    Palavras-Chave: veterinary medicine; photodynamic therapy; antimicrobial agents; light sources

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  • IPEN-DOC 24463

    RIBEIRO, MARTHA S. ; SABINO, CAETANO P. . Multimodality dosimetry. In: SELLERA, FABIO P. (Ed.); NASCIMENTO, CRISTIANE L. (Ed.); RIBEIRO, MARTHA S. (Ed.). Photodynamic therapy in veterinary medicine: from basics to clinical practice. Gewerbestrasse, Switzerland: Springer, 2016. p. 93-109, DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-45007-0_7

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    Abstract: PDT requires a multimodality approach for dosimetry because it works based on three essential components: light, photosensitizer, and molecular oxygen. Since these components are found in variable amounts inside target cells, PDT dosimetry is rather intricate. This chapter intends to address, with little mathematical complexity, the physical and chemical quantities that are most relevant for light and photosensitizer dosimetry as well as to present basic aspects of oxygen supply to achieve successful PDT interventions.

    Palavras-Chave: veterinary medicine; photodynamic therapy; dosimetry; light sources; lasers

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  • IPEN-DOC 24645

    HAMBLIN, MICHAEL R.; SABINO, CAETANO P. . Systemic effects. In: SELLERA, FABIO P. (Ed.); NASCIMENTO, CRISTIANE L. (Ed.); RIBEIRO, MARTHA S. (Ed.). Photodynamic therapy in veterinary medicine: from basics to clinical practice. Gewerbestrasse, Switzerland: Springer, 2016. p. 73-91, DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-45007-0_6

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    Abstract: Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a clinically approved practice for treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. PDT involves systemic or topical administration of a photosensitizer (PS), followed by irradiation of the target area with light of a wavelength matching the absorption band of the PS. In the presence of oxygen, photochemical reactions trigger the production of reactive oxygen species and, consequently, cell death by oxidative stress. Besides causing direct cytotoxicity to tumor cells, PDT induces destruction of the tumor vasculature releasing pro-inflammatory cytokines. Current literature supports that PDT is able to affect both the innate and adaptive responses of the immune system. In addition, PDT-induced adaptive immunity may attack distant untreated tumor cells and lead to development of antitumor memory immunity, which can potentially avoid the cancer relapse. Conversely, pro-inflammatory activity of PDT can also collaborate to resolve local infections since more neutrophils are recruited to the infected region.

    Palavras-Chave: veterinary medicine; animals; photodynamic therapy; tumor cells; neoplasms; immunity

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  • IPEN-DOC 24458

    SABINO, CAETANO P. ; HAMBLIN, MICHAEL R.. Cellular damage. In: SELLERA, FABIO P. (Ed.); NASCIMENTO, CRISTIANE L. (Ed.); RIBEIRO, MARTHA S. (Ed.). Photodynamic therapy in veterinary medicine: from basics to clinical practice. Gewerbestrasse, Switzerland: Springer, 2016. p. 57-72, DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-45007-0_5

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    Abstract: Classical pharmacology is normally concerned with defined molecular structures that can bind to specific proteins and either inhibit or enhance the protein function to achieve some biological response with therapeutic benefit. In photodynamic therapy (PDT) context, we rarely rely on such target specificity to achieve therapeutic success. Although some recent photosensitizers have been functionalized with target-specific molecules, such as antibodies, to recognize specific cells and enhance therapy specificity, ROS produced inside the cell will damage all susceptible molecules within the diffusion radius. According to the previous chapter, both hydroxyl radicals and singlet oxygen are highly reactive toward most of the abundant biological molecules contained in cells. In this chapter we discuss how such capacity of PDT to provoke multiple sites of molecular damages in the cellular context is associated with the phototoxicity produced. Also, we discuss how cellular antioxidant and xenobiotic defenses can influence on cellular tolerance against photodynamic inactivation.

    Palavras-Chave: hydroxyl radicals; animal cells; molecules; molecular structure; damage

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  • IPEN-DOC 24457

    SABINO, CAETANO P. ; HAMBLIN, MICHAEL R.. Molecular damage. In: SELLERA, FABIO P. (Ed.); NASCIMENTO, CRISTIANE L. (Ed.); RIBEIRO, MARTHA S. (Ed.). Photodynamic therapy in veterinary medicine: from basics to clinical practice. Gewerbestrasse, Switzerland: Springer, 2016. p. 45-56, DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-45007-0_4

    Observação: Livro na íntegra disponível. Consulte a biblioteca do IPEN.

    Abstract: Photodynamic therapy (PDT) rapidly produces large amounts of reactive oxygen species (ROS) to induce death of photosensitized cells. As previously described in Chap. 2, excited photosensitizer (PS) molecules can either donate electrons (type 1) or energy (type 2) to ground-state oxygen to produce superoxide radicals (O2•−) or singlet oxygen (1O2). Each type of ROS has characteristic chemical reactivity and reacts with different types of chemical bonds present in biomolecules and, consequently, will lead to different types of cell damage. Once again, what determines the mechanism of cell death directly depends on both: the PS localization site within the cell and total extent of oxidative stress produced during therapy (i.e., light dosimetry and efficiency of ROS generation). To elucidate the mechanisms of photooxidative damage and the consequent biological effects, this chapter will cover the most relevant chemical reactions related to oxidative damage caused by 1O2 and free radicals.

    Palavras-Chave: veterinary medicine; photodynamic therapy; oxygen; molecular structure; photosensitivity

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  • IPEN-DOC 24453

    HAMBLIN, MICHAEL R.; SABINO, CAETANO P. . Photosensitizers. In: SELLERA, FABIO P. (Ed.); NASCIMENTO, CRISTIANE L. (Ed.); RIBEIRO, MARTHA S. (Ed.). Photodynamic therapy in veterinary medicine: from basics to clinical practice. Gewerbestrasse, Switzerland: Springer, 2016. p. 25-43, DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-45007-0_3

    Observação: Livro na íntegra disponível. Consulte a biblioteca do IPEN.

    Abstract: Photodynamic therapy (PDT) was discovered over 100 years ago when it was observed that certain dyes could kill microorganisms when exposed to light in the presence of oxygen. Since those early days, PDT has mainly been developed as a cancer therapy with regulatory approvals and clinical trials steadily accumulating for different types of cancer and different photosensitizer structures. A very important milestone for PDT was the introduction of 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA), which functions as a prodrug to induce endogenous porphyrin biosynthesis that acts as an endogenous photosensitizer produced by our cells. PDT with ALA and its derivatives have become mainstays of the clinical dermatologist’s practice covering everything from skin cancer, premalignant lesions, acne, and skin rejuvenation. Another milestone in PDT development was the realization that PDT may also be used as an effective antimicrobial modality and a potential treatment for localized infections. To some extent, this means that PDT has gone full circle and returned to its roots from when it was first discovered in 1900. In this chapter we discuss, in a contextualized fashion, what are the expected characteristics of an ideal photosensitizer and which are the main molecular frameworks used for development of synthetic, natural, and nanostructured photosensitizers.

    Palavras-Chave: photosensitivity; photodynamic therapy; nanostructures; porphyrins

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  • IPEN-DOC 24452

    SABINO, CAETANO P. ; HAMBLIN, MICHAEL R.. Photophysical and photochemical mechanisms. In: SELLERA, FABIO P. (Ed.); NASCIMENTO, CRISTIANE L. (Ed.); RIBEIRO, MARTHA S. (Ed.). Photodynamic therapy in veterinary medicine: from basics to clinical practice. Gewerbestrasse, Switzerland: Springer, 2016. p. 11-23, DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-45007-0_2

    Observação: Livro na íntegra disponível. Consulte a biblioteca do IPEN.

    Abstract: Photodynamic therapy (PDT) harnesses the power of light in an elegant method to produce cytotoxic agents in a spatially and temporally controlled manner and specifically damage target cells and tissues. For photodynamic reactions to occur, the PS molecule must absorb at least one photon to be promoted to a sufficiently long-lived excited state and then induce photodynamic reactions in an oxygenated environment. Such properties guarantee that PDT has an exceptionally broad action spectrum against tumors or pathogens, and resistance occurrence is restricted to only a few exceptions that can be avoided using simple strategies. To fully understand the intricacies of the mechanisms by which PDT acts, it is clear that one must take advantage of all the basic sciences (e.g., physics, chemistry, and biology). In fact, such conceptual complexity still maintains constant scientific investigations to deeply understand the molecular basis of PDT. Curiously, it might also be one of the reasons to explain why this hundred-year-old technique is still not generally applied in clinics or taught in standard courses of pharmacology. In this chapter, we will attempt to use a multidisciplinary approach, with simple technical language and a minimum of mathematics and equations, to allow any student with minimal training in basic sciences to understand all the fundamental mechanisms of PDT.

    Palavras-Chave: photochemical reactions; photodynamic therapy; electromagnetic radiation; radiation sources

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  • IPEN-DOC 24448

    SELLERA, FABIO P.; SABINO, CAETANO P. ; HAMBLIN, MICHAEL R.. History of PDT. In: SELLERA, FABIO P. (Ed.); NASCIMENTO, CRISTIANE L. (Ed.); RIBEIRO, MARTHA S. (Ed.). Photodynamic therapy in veterinary medicine: from basics to clinical practice. Gewerbestrasse, Switzerland: Springer, 2016. p. 1-10, DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-45007-0_1

    Observação: Livro na íntegra disponível. Consulte a biblioteca do IPEN.

    Abstract: This chapter presents the brightest historical milestones behind the development of photodynamic therapy (PDT). We initially present how photodynamic reactions were first observed by scientists from three different countries in the beginning of the twentieth century. Oskar Raab, from Germany, observed by accident that protozoan cells stained with fluorescent dyes were killed upon illumination, while Prime, in France, reported that human subjects who ingested also fluorescent dyes for an experimental treatment of neurological diseases developed severe erythema after short exposure to sunlight. Niels Finsen, from Denmark, was awarded with the third Nobel Prize of Medicine in the history for the development of light-based treatments for skin infections. Following, we describe how PDT slowly evolved until the 1960–1970s when new generations of less toxic photosensitizers were developed for diagnosis and treatment of solid tumors. Only then PDT really became a hot scientific area that began to attract many researchers to the field. We also describe the first huge medical and economic impact that PDT as the first effective treatment for age-related macular degeneration, the leading cause of adult blindness in the world. Finally, we go through the main discoveries in veterinary medicine over the past years for the treatment of localized tumors and infections in diverse animal species.

    Palavras-Chave: photodynamic therapy; historical aspects; ultraviolet radiation; therapeutic uses

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  • IPEN-DOC 24447

    RIBEIRO, MARTHA S. . Photodynamic therapy in veterinary medicine: from basics to clinical practice. Gewerbestrasse, Switzerland: Springer, 2016. 228 p. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-45007-0

    Observação: Livro disponível também na versão impressa. Consulte a biblioteca do IPEN.

    Abstract: This pioneering book offers an introduction to photodynamic therapy, a promising new approach in the treatment of complex diseases like cancer and microbial infections in animals. Addressing all aspects, ranging from basics to clinical practice, it presents the history and fundamentals of photodynamic therapy for non-experts. It includes a collection of basic and clinical studies in cancer and infectious diseases, as well as illustrations of successful treatment procedures and future perspectives and innovative applications involving nanotechnology and advanced drug delivery. This valuable resource offers readers insights into how the therapy works and how to apply it effectively in daily practice.

    Palavras-Chave: photodetectors; photoelectric cells; damage; molecular structure; cell constituents; therapy; neoplasms; medicine; animals; veterinary medicine; clinical trials

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  • IPEN-DOC 24445

    VASQUEZ, P. . Sources and equipment in radiation technologies. In: . Uses of ionizing radiation for tangible cultural heritage conservation. Vienna, Austria: International Atomic Energy Agency, 2017. p. 51-59, (IAEA Radiation Technology Series, 6).

    Palavras-Chave: gamma radiation; processing; electron beams

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  • IPEN-DOC 24247

    VASQUEZ, P. . Fundamentals of radiation processing technology. In: . Uses of ionizing radiation for tangible cultural heritage conservation. Vienna, Austria: International Atomic Energy Agency, 2017. p. 43-50, (IAEA Radiation Technology Series, 6).

    Palavras-Chave: radiations; processing; ionizing radiations; dosimetry; dose rates; irradiation procedures; radiation chemistry; radiation doses

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  • IPEN-DOC 24397

    BARTOLINI, PAOLO ; RIBELA, MARIA T.C.P. ; DAMIANI, RENATA ; SILVA, FELIPE D. ; LIMA, ELIANA R. ; OLIVEIRA, JOAO E. ; PERONI, CIBELE N. ; TORJESEN, PETER A.; SOARES, CARLOS R. . Carbohydrate composition and site-occupancy determination in pituitary and recombinant preparations of human thyrotropin. Journal of Biotechnology, v. 256, suppl., p. S15-S15, 2017. DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2017.06.053

    Abstract: Human thyrotropin (hTSH) is a glycoprotein with three potential glycosylation sites: two in the -subunit and one in the -subunit. Carbohydrate site-occupancy is frequently neglected in glycoprotein characterization, even if related to folding, trafficking, initiation of inflammation, host defence and congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG). For the first-time N-glycoprofiling analysis was applied to site-occupancy determination of two native pituitary hTSH, in comparison with three CHO-derived preparations of hTSH, a widely used biopharmaceutical. A single methodology provided: (i) average N-glycan mass; (ii) mass fraction of each monosaccharide and of sulfate; (iii) percent carbohydrate. The results indicate that occupancy (65–87%) and carbohydrate mass (12–19%) can be 34–57% higher in recombinant hormones. The average glycan mass is 24% lower in pituitary hTSH and contains ∼3-fold fewer moles of galactose (P < 0.005) and sialic acid (P < 0.01). The number of moles of fucose per mole of hTSH was found 2.5-fold higher in the pituitary preparations. One of these native preparations, presenting the smallest glycan mass, lowest occupancy, GalNAc, sulfate, Gal and sialic acid contents, also presented the lowest in vivo bioactivity and circulatory half-life. This methodology, extremely important for comparing a recombinant biopharmaceutical to its native equivalent, can be applied to any physiologically or clinical relevant glycoprotein.

    Palavras-Chave: glycoproteins; carbohydrates; trh; congenital diseases

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  • IPEN-DOC 24462

    CAMPOS, MAURICIO S.G.; SARKIS, JORGE E. de S. . New methodology for the analysis of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in bioethanol by GC-MS. In: CONGRESSO BRASILEIRO DE METROLOGIA, 9.; CONGRESSO INTERNACIONAL DE METROLOGIA MECANICA, 4.; CONGRESSO INTERNACIONAL DE METROLOGIA ELETRICA, 12.; CONGRESSO BRASILEIRO DE METROLOGIA DAS RADIAÇOES IONIZANTES, 4.; WORKSHOP DA REDE DE METROLOGIA QUIMICA DO INMETRO, 3.; CONGRESSO BRASILEIRO DE METROLOGIA OPTICA, 2., 26-29 de novembro, 2017, Fortaleza, CE. Resumo... Rio de Janeiro, RJ: Sociedade Brasileira de Metrologia, 2017. p. 105-105.

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  • IPEN-DOC 24461

    CASTRO, MAYSA C. de ; SILVA, NATALIA F. da ; CALDAS, LINDA V.E. . Testing an extrapolation chamber in computed tomography standard beams. In: CONGRESSO BRASILEIRO DE METROLOGIA, 9.; CONGRESSO INTERNACIONAL DE METROLOGIA MECANICA, 4.; CONGRESSO INTERNACIONAL DE METROLOGIA ELETRICA, 12.; CONGRESSO BRASILEIRO DE METROLOGIA DAS RADIAÇOES IONIZANTES, 4.; WORKSHOP DA REDE DE METROLOGIA QUIMICA DO INMETRO, 3.; CONGRESSO BRASILEIRO DE METROLOGIA OPTICA, 2., 26-29 de novembro, 2017, Fortaleza, CE. Resumo... Rio de Janeiro, RJ: Sociedade Brasileira de Metrologia, 2017. p. 64-64.

    Palavras-Chave: x-ray sources; dosimetry; extrapolation chambers; computerized tomography; depth; leakage current; performance testing; standards; stabilization; brazilian cnen

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  • IPEN-DOC 24460

    FAUSTINO, MAINARA G. ; LANGE, CAMILA N. ; MONTEIRO, LUCILENA R. ; FURUSAWA, HELIO A. ; MARQUES, JOYCE R. ; STELLATO, THAMIRIS B. ; SOARES, SABRINA M.V.; SILVA, TATIANE B. de S.C. da ; SILVA, DOUGLAS B. da ; COTRIM, MARYCEL E.B. ; PIRES, MARIA A.F. . Top down Arsenic uncertainty measurement in water and sediments from Guarapiranga Dam (Brazil). In: CONGRESSO BRASILEIRO DE METROLOGIA, 9.; CONGRESSO INTERNACIONAL DE METROLOGIA MECANICA, 4.; CONGRESSO INTERNACIONAL DE METROLOGIA ELETRICA, 12.; CONGRESSO BRASILEIRO DE METROLOGIA DAS RADIAÇOES IONIZANTES, 4.; WORKSHOP DA REDE DE METROLOGIA QUIMICA DO INMETRO, 3.; CONGRESSO BRASILEIRO DE METROLOGIA OPTICA, 2., 26-29 de novembro, 2017, Fortaleza, CE. Resumo... Rio de Janeiro, RJ: Sociedade Brasileira de Metrologia, 2017. p. 117-117.

    Palavras-Chave: arsenic; water pollution monitors; sediments; dams; water reservoirs; sediment-water interfaces; quality control; measuring instruments; standards

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  • IPEN-DOC 24456

    SANTANA, LUCIANA V. de; COTRIM, MARYCEL E.B. ; SAID, DAPHNE de S.; ULRICH, JOAO C. ; PIRES, MARIA A.F. . Uncertainty estimation for the determination of uranium by titrimetric method Davies & Gray. In: CONGRESSO BRASILEIRO DE METROLOGIA, 9.; CONGRESSO INTERNACIONAL DE METROLOGIA MECANICA, 4.; CONGRESSO INTERNACIONAL DE METROLOGIA ELETRICA, 12.; CONGRESSO BRASILEIRO DE METROLOGIA DAS RADIAÇOES IONIZANTES, 4.; WORKSHOP DA REDE DE METROLOGIA QUIMICA DO INMETRO, 3.; CONGRESSO BRASILEIRO DE METROLOGIA OPTICA, 2., 26-29 de novembro, 2017, Fortaleza, CE. Resumo... Rio de Janeiro, RJ: Sociedade Brasileira de Metrologia, 2017. p. 102-102.

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  • IPEN-DOC 24493

    SHRIVASTAVA, NAVADEEP; KHAN, L.U.; VARGAS, J.M.; OSPINA, CARLOS; COAQUIRA, J.A.Q.; ZOPPELLARO, GIORGIO; BRITO, H.F.; FELINTO, M.C.F.C. ; SHARMA, S.K.. Photoluminescence and magnetic investigation of ternary ion activated enhanced multicolor LaF3 nanophasphores. In: INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON LUMINESCENCE, 18th, August 27 - September 01, 2017, João Pessoa, PB. Abstract... 2017. p. 386-386.

    Abstract: The luminescence-tuneable multicolored LaF3:xCe3+,xGd3+,yEu3+ (x = 5; y = 1, 5, 10 and 15 mol%) nanoparticles have been synthesized via a new low cost polyol method. Powder X-ray diffraction and high resolution transmission electron microscopy confirms the hexagonal phase of LaF3:xCe3+,xGd3+,yEu3+ nanophosphors with average sizes (oval shape) from 5-7 nm. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analyses show the uniform distribution of Ce3+, Gd3+ and Eu3+ dopants in the LaF3 host matrix. The photoluminescence spectra and electron paramagnetic resonance measurement guarantee the presence of Eu2+, corroborated through DC susceptibility measurements of the samples displaying the paramagnetic behavior at 300 K, whereas a weak ferromagnetic ordering at 2 K. The non-radiative energy transfer processes from the 4f1→4f5d1 state (Ce3+) (ultraviolet excitation, λex = 260 nm) to the intraconfigurational 4f excited levels of rare earth ions and simultaneous emissions in visible region from the 4f65d1 (Eu2+) and 5D0 (Eu3+) emitting level, leading to overlapped broad and narrow emission bands, have been proclaimed. The energy transfer mechanism proposes involvement of Gd3+ ion sub-lattice as bridge and finally trapping by Eu2+/3+, upon excitation of Ce3+ ion. The calculation of experimental intensity parameters (2,4) have been discussed and highest emission quantum efficiency (η = 85%) of Eu3+ ion for y = 10 mol% sample is reported. The advantageous existence of Eu2+/Eu3+ ratio along with variously-doped nanomaterials described in this work, exhibit tunable emission color in the blue-white-red regions, highlighting their potential application in solid state lighting devices, scintillation, and multiplex detection.

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  • IPEN-DOC 24490

    MOURA, J.L.; COSTA, I.F.; SANTOS, P.R.S.; TEOTONIO, E.E.S.; FAUSTINO, W.M.; BRITO, H.F.; FELINTO, M.C.F.C. ; BURROW, R.A.. Near infrared spectroscopic properties of new beta-diketonates lanthanide complexes with different phosphine oxide ligands. In: INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON LUMINESCENCE, 18th, August 27 - September 01, 2017, João Pessoa, PB. Abstract... 2017.

    Abstract: The present work reports the synthesis, characterization and luminescent properties of the Ln3+--diketonate complexes, Ln(-dik)2(NO3)L2, Ln()3L2 and Ln(DBM)3L, where Ln3+ = Pr3+, Nd3+, Sm3+, Er3+ and Yb3+, -dik = thenoyltrifluoroacetone (TTA) and dibenzoylmethane (DBM), L = triphenylphosphine oxide (TPPO), tributylphosphine oxide (TBPO), and trioctylphosphine oxide (TOPO). The complexes were characterized by complexometric titration with EDTA, CHN elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy (FT-IR) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) [1]. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses reveal that Ln(DBM)2(NO3)(TOPO)2 complexes crystallize in the monoclinic space group P21/c with parameters cell: a=36.727 Å; b=13.752 Å; c=15.836 Å; =90°; =93.09° e 90°. Photoluminescent properties in the near infrared (NIR) region were investigated from excitation and emission spectra. Excitation spectra are characterized by the presence of large bands associated with transitions centered on organic ligands, indicating that these ligands act as good sensitizers for Ln3+ ions that exhibit luminescence in the NIR region. The emission spectra in the NIR region of the bis- and tris-diketonate complexes of Pr3+, Nd3+, Sm3+, Er3+ and Yb3+ ions present the set of intraconfiguration transitions, characteristic of each metal center (Figure 1) [2]. Furthermore, it was observed that changes in the nature and number of ligands coordinated to the Ln3+ ion slightly influence the spectral profiles. The results obtained from the studied systems suggest that these are potential candidates to act as Molecular Light Converting Devices.

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  • IPEN-DOC 24489

    MIRANDA, Y.C.; SILVA, P.R.S.; TEOTONIO, E.E.S.; FAUSTINO, W.M.; BRITO, H.F.; SILVA, F.F.; MALTA, V.R.S.; FELINTO, M.C.F.C. . Novel dipivaloylmethanate compounds of trivalent lanthanide ions: synthesis, structure and energy transfer. In: INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON LUMINESCENCE, 18th, August 27 - September 01, 2017, João Pessoa, PB. Abstract... 2017. p. 109-109.

    Abstract: This work reports on the synthesis, characterization and investigation of photoluminescence properties of novel [Ln(dpm)(NO3)2(thpo)2] complexes (where THPO : trihexylphosphine oxide and Ln : Tb, Gd or Eu). The compounds were characterized by elemental analysis of CHN, vibrational spectroscopy in the infrared region, thermogravimetric analysis and their spectroscopic properties were investigated by molecular diffuse reflectance, excitation and emission as well as decay times of emitting states. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses reveal that [Ln(dpm)(NO3)2(thpo)2] complexes crystallize in the monoclinic space group P21/n with parameters cell: a =17.1926(2), b = 18.1226(2) c = 18.2508(2) Å; = 90°; = 108.908° e 90°. Interestingly, the phosphine oxide ligands are located in opposite positions, in contrast to that observed for similar complexes presenting dbm (dibenzoylmethanate) and hmpa (hexamethylphosphoramide) ligands (Figure 1). These results reflect differences in the luminescence properties of the Ln-mono(diketonate) complexes. The presence of metal ligand charge transfer state (TCLM) of low energy in the Eu3+ compounds was also investigated. According with the experimental data, ligand to metal charge transfer state (TCLM) for the [Eu(dpm)(NO3)2(thpo)2] system is located in higher energy than for dimeric complex of formula [Eu2(DPM)6].

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  • IPEN-DOC 24486

    FELINTO, MARIA C.F.C. ; BRITO, HERMI F.; TEOTONIO, ERCULES E.S.; MALTA, OSCAR L.. Rare earth nanomaterials for bio-application and theranostic. In: INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON LUMINESCENCE, 18th, August 27 - September 01, 2017, João Pessoa, PB. Abstract... 2017. p. 436-436.

    Abstract: Luminescent materials, the so-called fluorophores, have been played a role in the diagnostic area over the years. In last decades, luminescent rare earth nanomaterials are receiving increasing attention due to its wide range of potential applications, including bioanalytical, images, dye-sensitized solar cells, nanobiotechnology and catalysis1-3. Other promising applications of luminescence materials include radiation detection, sensors for structural damage, optical memory media, identification markers, medical diagnostics, optical probes for in vivo bioimaging, molecular thermometers, etc1-4. The feature spectroscopic properties of rare earth ions such as high intense emission bands, high color purity, long lifetime and high emission quantum efficiency make them strong candidates for use as markers or bio- selective detectors. Besides, the interest in developing nanoparticles (NP) associated with biological materials continues growing rapidly1-4. This interest is mainly motivated by the desire to simultaneously exploit the optical properties of both the NP and biological components in new hybrid operating devices or luminescent materials that can be applied in strategic biomedicine areas. Nowadays researchers have given special attention to materials that display dual functions as marking the biological material by luminescent process and destroy malignant cells. This statement is based on the association of properties in the same material, as luminescence and magnetism or light associated to the capacity to interact with a drug and guide this drug to the targets. These materials are assigned theranostic materials, where it is a concept of “the ability to affect therapy or treatment of a disease state“, and the material play a role of marker and contributes in the therapy process. In this work, we present the luminescence study of various materials, synthesized and characterized in several laboratories that are part of the group of fluoroimmunoassays of inct-INAMI and NanoBio networks and are potential biophotonic materials to use as biomarkers. An attention to materials that emit in the regions of visible (Eu3+, Tb3+, Sm3+ and Dy3+) and near infrared (Nd3+ will be discussed.

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  • IPEN-DOC 24488

    MIRANDA, R.B.P.; MARCHI, J.; USSUI, V. ; LAZAR, D.R.R. ; MIRANDA, W.G.J.; CESAR, P.F.. Mechanical properties of Y:TZP/TiO2 coated with hydroxyapatite for dental implants. Dental Materials, v. 33, suppl. 1, p. e54-e54, 2017. DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2017.08.106

    Abstract: Purpose/aim: (1) To investigate the effect of titania content in mol% (0, 10 and 30) in the specific surface area (SBET), the size of the agglomerates and the intensity of the peaks corresponding to crystalline phase present in the ceramic powder of Y:TZP/TiO2; (2) to investigate the effect of titania addition (0, 10 and 30 mol%) on the microstructure, relative density (RD), Young’s modulus (E), Poisson’s ratio (PR), flexural strength ( f) andWeibull modulus (m) of a Y:TZP/TiO2 composite; and (3) to investigate the effect of the presence of a biomimetic coating on the microstructure and mechanical properties ( f and m) of Y:TZP/TiO2 composite. Materials and methods: Y:TZP (3mol% of yttria) and Y:TZP/TiO2 composite (10 or 30mol% of titania) were synthesized using a co-precipitation route. The powders were pressed and sintered at 1400 ◦C/2 h. Half of the discs were subjected to biomimetic coating. The powderswere characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), laser scattering, gas adsorption and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The surfaces, with and without biomimetic coating, were characterized by SEM and XRD. The RD was measured by the Archimedes’ principle. E and PRwere measured by ultrasonic pulse-echo method. For the mechanical properties the specimens (n = 30 for each group) were tested in a universal testing machine. Weibull modulus was estimated by the maximum likelihood method and ANOVA with Tukey test (˛ = 5%) was used to evaluate f, E and RD. Results: All powders had a SBET greater than 42m2/g and the titania addition favored the formation of larger agglomerates. Titania addition increased the grain size of the composite and caused a significant decrease in the f in MPa (control: 815.4a; T10: 455.7b and T30: 336.0c), E in GPa (control: 213.4a; T10: 155.8b and T30: 134.0c) and relative density in % (control: 99.0a; T10: 94.4c and T30: 96.3b) of the Y:TZP/TiO2 composite. The presence of 30% titania caused substantial increase in m and PR. Biomimetic coating resulted in the formation of apatite globules heterogeneously distributed on the surface of the material and this treatment did not significantly alter the f and m of the composite (Table 1). Conclusions: The Y:TZP/TiO2 composite coated with a layer of CaP has great potential to be used as implant material. Properties of the powderwere affected by titania addition. Addition of titania toY:TZP caused an increase in grain size, a significant decrease in f, E and RD. The presence of biomimetic coating did not jeopardize the reliability of Y:TZP/TiO2 composite.

    Palavras-Chave: titanium oxides; composite materials; apatites; dentistry; implants

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  • IPEN-DOC 24482

    ARATA, A. ; PRETTO, L.R. de ; USSUI, V. ; LIMA, N.B. ; FREITAS, A.Z. ; MACHADO, J.P.B.; TANGO, R.N.; SOUZA, G.M. de; LAZAR, D.R.R. . New method for depth analysis of Y-TZP t-m phase transformation. Dental Materials, v. 33, suppl. 1, p. e6-e6, 2017. DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2017.08.009

    Abstract: Purpose/aim: The aim of this studywas to validate the optical coherence tomography (OCT) as a nondestructive method of analysis to evaluate the depth of tetragonal to monoclinic (t-m) transformed zone and to calculate the kinetics of phase transformation of a monolithic Y-TZP after hydrothermal aging. Specifically, to compare the activation energy of t-m transformation calculated by the depth of the transformed zone using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and OCT. Materials and methods: Fully sintered (1450 ◦C/2 h) discs of dentalY-TZP (LAVAPLUS, 3M-ESPE)were aged in hydrothermal pressurized reactor to follow the phase transformation kinetics at 120 to 150 ◦C. Four samples per aging time were analyzed by OCT (OCP930SR, Thorlabs Inc.), = 930 nm, spectral bandwidth (FWHM) of 100 nm, nominal resolution of 6 m (lateral and axial) in air, declared digital resolution 3.09 m (axial). Three areas of 3mm (lateral) were observed to calculate the phase transformation depth (Image J). X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) were performed, Cu-K , 20◦ to 80◦, 2 . The data were refined using the Rietveld method (GSAS). The transversal section of one specimen of each group was submitted to backscattered SEM analysis to calculate the phase transformation depth (Image J). The speed of the transformation zone front was determined plotting the phase transformation depth versus aging time. Results: XRD results indicated that Y-TZP that 66% is the maximum value of monoclinic phase concentration for all aged Y-TZP. The activation energy for the monolithic Y-TZP was 107.53 kJ/mol. One year and 5 years of hydrothermal aging at 37 ◦C will present approximately 4.21% and 15% of monoclinic phase, respectively. The comparison of the depth of the transformed zone using SEM and OCT were similar, showing a linear behavior and providing information that the opaque layer observed by OCT is related to the depth of the transformed zone (Fig. 1), any difference among the results could be a result of the refraction index correction. The energy of activation calculated by SEM and OCT were 114 kJ/mol and 100 kJ/mol, respectively. The speed calculated for the phase transformation into the bulk of the transformed zone estimated for 37 ◦C was 0.04 m/year (SEM) and 0.16 m/year (OCT). Conclusions: The results indicate that activation energy values determined by SEM and OCT observations were similar allowing the use of the OCT as a tool for monolithic Y-TZP t-m phase transformation kinetic evaluation. Moreover, OCT method has the advantage of a shorter analysis time, without the need of sample preparation steps.

    Palavras-Chave: crystal-phase transformations; tomography; optical modes; coherence length; scanning electron microscopy; measuring methods

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  • IPEN-DOC 24495

    ZAFALON, ANGELICA T. ; SANTOS, VINICIUS J.; LINCOPAN, NILTON; ESPOSITO, FERNANDA; LUGAO, ADEMAR B. ; PARRA, DUCLERC F. . Preparação e caracterização de hidrogel para liberação controlada de neomicina. In: CONGRESSO DA SOCIEDADE LATINO AMERICANA DE BIOMATERIAIS, ORGAOS ARTIFICIAIS E ENGENHARIA DE TECIDOS, 14.; EDICAO DO WORKSHOP DE BIOMATERIAIS, ENGENHARIA DE TECIDOS E ORGAOS ARTIFICIAIS, 5., 20-24 de agosto, 2017, Maresias, SP. Anais... 2017. p. 825-830.

    Abstract: Os hidrogéis têm sido empregados na medicina como biosensores, na engenharia de tecidos e como sistema de liberação de fármacos por serem biocompatíveis e atóxicos. Estudos recentes demonstram o uso de hidrogéis como curativos para a liberação controlada de antiinflamatórios, fatores de crescimentos e antibióticos para o tratamento tópico de infecções. Com o aumento de casos de bactérias super-resistentes, principalmente Staphylococcus aureus Meticilina Resistente (MRSA), o higrogel tornou-se uma ferramenta importante para superar esse problema, pois esses fármacos são liberados diretamente na região comprometida aumentando a efetividade do tratamento. Além disso, fornecem um ambiente úmido evitando a adesão ao local da ferida e apresentam boa barreira contra microrganismos. A presença do fármaco não alterou a fração gel. O intumescimento foi realizado com a imersão da membrana em água à temperatura ambiente e pesagem até peso constante. O intumescimento máximo foi atingido após 24 horas de imersão O intumescimento foi realizado com imersão da membrana em água. A liberação “in vitro” da neomicina foi avaliada empregando a técnica de cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência acoplada a espectrometria de massas (HPLC-MS/MS). Observou-se que o aumento da dose de irradiação influenciou na absorção de água e na fração gel devido ao aumento da densidade de ligações cruzadas. A presença do fármaco não alterou a fração gel. O intumescimento em solução salina foi 4% maor que o obtido em água. A liberação do fármaco foi avaliada “in vitro” empregando-se a técnica de cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência acoplada à espectrometria de massas (HPLC-MS/MS). O pico máximo de liberação foi alcançado após 8 horas e permaneceu constante até 48h. O teste microbiológico demonstrou que o hidrogel foi capaz de inibir o crescimento microbiológico.

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  • IPEN-DOC 24459

    TEIXEIRA, MARIA I. ; CALDAS, LINDA V.E. . Optical stimulated luminescence from Citrine for high-doses dosimetry. In: CONGRESSO BRASILEIRO DE METROLOGIA, 9.; CONGRESSO INTERNACIONAL DE METROLOGIA MECANICA, 4.; CONGRESSO INTERNACIONAL DE METROLOGIA ELETRICA, 12.; CONGRESSO BRASILEIRO DE METROLOGIA DAS RADIAÇOES IONIZANTES, 4.; WORKSHOP DA REDE DE METROLOGIA QUIMICA DO INMETRO, 3.; CONGRESSO BRASILEIRO DE METROLOGIA OPTICA, 2., 26-29 de novembro, 2017, Fortaleza, CE. Anais... Rio de Janeiro, RJ: Sociedade Brasileira de Metrologia, 2017. p. 1-4.

    Abstract: Several Brazilian stone samples were already studied at IPEN for use in radiation dosimetry, using the techniques of thermoluminescence, optical absorption and optically stimulated luminescence. The possibility of using semi-precious stones from Brazilian have been studied and tested, using the technique of thermoluminescence. The objective of this work was to study citrine samples for application in high-dose dosimetry, using the OSL technique. The samples exposed to gamma irradiated (60Co) with doses up to 300 kGy. The reproducibility of the response and the OSL lower detection limit were obtained. The results show is a material that can be useful for high-dose dosimetry

    Palavras-Chave: cobalt 60; dose-response relationships; dosimetry; elements; gamma radiation; luminescent dosemeters; neutron activation analysis; radiation doses; silica; thermoluminescence

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  • IPEN-DOC 24455

    NEVES, LUCIO P. ; SILVA, RAYRE J.V.; PERINI, ANA P.; SANTOS, WILLIAM de S.; VEDOVATO, ULY P.. Avaliação dosimétrica de procedimentos de tomossíntese mamária. In: CONGRESSO BRASILEIRO DE METROLOGIA, 9.; CONGRESSO INTERNACIONAL DE METROLOGIA MECANICA, 4.; CONGRESSO INTERNACIONAL DE METROLOGIA ELETRICA, 12.; CONGRESSO BRASILEIRO DE METROLOGIA DAS RADIAÇOES IONIZANTES, 4.; WORKSHOP DA REDE DE METROLOGIA QUIMICA DO INMETRO, 3.; CONGRESSO BRASILEIRO DE METROLOGIA OPTICA, 2., 26-29 de novembro, 2017, Fortaleza, CE. Resumo... Rio de Janeiro, RJ: Sociedade Brasileira de Metrologia, 2017. p. 53-54.

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  • IPEN-DOC 24454

    CALDAS, LINDA V.E. ; OLIVEIRA, LUCAS N. de; NASCIMENTO, ERIBERTO O. do; SCHIMIDT, FERNANDO; ANTONIO, PATRICIA L.. Assessment of ethylene vinyl-acetate copolymer samples exposed to gamma-rays via linearity analyses. In: CONGRESSO BRASILEIRO DE METROLOGIA, 9.; CONGRESSO INTERNACIONAL DE METROLOGIA MECANICA, 4.; CONGRESSO INTERNACIONAL DE METROLOGIA ELETRICA, 12.; CONGRESSO BRASILEIRO DE METROLOGIA DAS RADIAÇOES IONIZANTES, 4.; WORKSHOP DA REDE DE METROLOGIA QUIMICA DO INMETRO, 3.; CONGRESSO BRASILEIRO DE METROLOGIA OPTICA, 2., 26-29 de novembro, 2017, Fortaleza, CE. Resumo... Rio de Janeiro, RJ: Sociedade Brasileira de Metrologia, 2017. p. 52-53.

    Palavras-Chave: absorbed radiation doses; cobalt 60; copolymers; dosemeters; ethylene; fourier transformation; gamma radiation; infrared spectra; pva; vinyl acetate

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  • IPEN-DOC 24451

    CALDAS, LINDA V.E. ; COSTA, JHONATHA J.L.; NASCIMENTO, ERIBERTO O. do; OLIVEIRA, LUCAS N. de . Pressure sound level measurements at an educational environment in Goiania, Goias, Brazil. In: CONGRESSO BRASILEIRO DE METROLOGIA, 9.; CONGRESSO INTERNACIONAL DE METROLOGIA MECANICA, 4.; CONGRESSO INTERNACIONAL DE METROLOGIA ELETRICA, 12.; CONGRESSO BRASILEIRO DE METROLOGIA DAS RADIAÇOES IONIZANTES, 4.; WORKSHOP DA REDE DE METROLOGIA QUIMICA DO INMETRO, 3.; CONGRESSO BRASILEIRO DE METROLOGIA OPTICA, 2., 26-29 de novembro, 2017, Fortaleza, CE. Anais... Rio de Janeiro, RJ: Sociedade Brasileira de Metrologia, 2017. p. 1-4.

    Palavras-Chave: acoustic monitoring; educational facilities; environmental impacts; noise pollution; performance; sound waves

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  • IPEN-DOC 24450

    ULRICH, JOAO C. ; GUILHEN, SABINE N. ; COTRIM, MARYCEL E.B. ; PIRES, MARIA A.F. . Method development and validation for simultaneous determination of IEAR1 reactor's pool water U and Si content by ICP OES. In: CONGRESSO BRASILEIRO DE METROLOGIA, 9.; CONGRESSO INTERNACIONAL DE METROLOGIA MECANICA, 4.; CONGRESSO INTERNACIONAL DE METROLOGIA ELETRICA, 12.; CONGRESSO BRASILEIRO DE METROLOGIA DAS RADIAÇOES IONIZANTES, 4.; WORKSHOP DA REDE DE METROLOGIA QUIMICA DO INMETRO, 3.; CONGRESSO BRASILEIRO DE METROLOGIA OPTICA, 2., 26-29 de novembro, 2017, Fortaleza, CE. Anais... Rio de Janeiro, RJ: Sociedade Brasileira de Metrologia, 2017. p. 1-5.

    Palavras-Chave: validation; pool type reactors; uranium; silicon; emission spectroscopy; optical systems; plasma

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  • IPEN-DOC 24449

    MARQUES, JOYCE R. ; FAUSTINO, MAINARA G. ; MONTEIRO, LUCILENA R. ; ULRICH, JOAO C. ; PIRES, MARIA A.F. ; COTRIM, MARYCEL E.B. . Is my bottom-up uncertainty estimulation on metal measurement adequate?. In: CONGRESSO BRASILEIRO DE METROLOGIA, 9.; CONGRESSO INTERNACIONAL DE METROLOGIA MECANICA, 4.; CONGRESSO INTERNACIONAL DE METROLOGIA ELETRICA, 12.; CONGRESSO BRASILEIRO DE METROLOGIA DAS RADIAÇOES IONIZANTES, 4.; WORKSHOP DA REDE DE METROLOGIA QUIMICA DO INMETRO, 3.; CONGRESSO BRASILEIRO DE METROLOGIA OPTICA, 2., 26-29 de novembro, 2017, Fortaleza, CE. Anais... Rio de Janeiro, RJ: Sociedade Brasileira de Metrologia, 2017. p. 1-4.

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  • IPEN-DOC 24446

    BARBIERI, CRISTINA B.; SARKIS, JORGE E. de S. . A importância da metrologia na análise forense ambiental: aplicação do ensaio duplicado para estimativa de incerteza de amostragem. In: CONGRESSO BRASILEIRO DE METROLOGIA, 9.; CONGRESSO INTERNACIONAL DE METROLOGIA MECANICA, 4.; CONGRESSO INTERNACIONAL DE METROLOGIA ELETRICA, 12.; CONGRESSO BRASILEIRO DE METROLOGIA DAS RADIAÇOES IONIZANTES, 4.; WORKSHOP DA REDE DE METROLOGIA QUIMICA DO INMETRO, 3.; CONGRESSO BRASILEIRO DE METROLOGIA OPTICA, 2., 26-29 de novembro, 2017, Fortaleza, CE. Resumo... Rio de Janeiro, RJ: Sociedade Brasileira de Metrologia, 2017. p. 65-65.

    Palavras-Chave: environment; pollution; metrology; crime detection; data covariances; uncertainty principle; sampling

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  • IPEN-DOC 24255

    PERINI, ANA P.; MENDONÇA, DALILA S.C.; NEVES, LUCIO P.; SANTOS, WILLIAM de S.; BELINATO, WALMIR; CALDAS, LINDA V.E. . Uso do código de Monte Carlo MCNP para caracterização de uma câmara de ionização tipo lápis. In: CONGRESSO BRASILEIRO DE METROLOGIA, 9.; CONGRESSO INTERNACIONAL DE METROLOGIA MECANICA, 4.; CONGRESSO INTERNACIONAL DE METROLOGIA ELETRICA, 12.; CONGRESSO BRASILEIRO DE METROLOGIA DAS RADIAÇOES IONIZANTES, 4.; WORKSHOP DA REDE DE METROLOGIA QUIMICA DO INMETRO, 3.; CONGRESSO BRASILEIRO DE METROLOGIA OPTICA, 2., 26-29 de novembro, 2017, Fortaleza, CE. Resumo... Rio de Janeiro, RJ: Sociedade Brasileira de Metrologia, 2017. p. 65-65.

    Palavras-Chave: monte carlo method; ionization chambers; computerized simulation; dosimetry; dimensions; x radiation; configuration; pvc; brazilian cnen

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  • IPEN-DOC 24480

    OLIVEIRA, MARCELO de . Investigação do ácido etanodióico na formação de filmes superficiais sobre zinco e avaliação do efeito destes filmes na resistência à corrosão / Investigation of the ethanedioic acid on the formation of surface films on zinc and evaluation of the effect of these films formed on the corrosion resistance . 2018. Dissertação (Mestrado em Tecnologia Nuclear) - Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP, São Paulo. 113 p. Orientador: Isolda Costa. DOI: 10.11606/D.85.2018.tde-19022018-101642

    Abstract: Um dos métodos mais utilizados para proteção contra a corrosão de aços comuns consiste na proteção catódica com revestimentos metálicos eletroquimicamente mais ativos, que estes. Os revestimentos de zinco são os mais usados para este tipo de proteção. De forma a protegerem o substrato, estes revestimentos devem atuar como anodos de sacrifício, sofrendo corrosão e transformando o substrato de aço em catodo. Todavia, não é de interesse, que o revestimento de zinco apresente altas taxas de corrosão de forma que a proteção contra a corrosão conferida ao aço seja duradoura. Uma das formas mais empregadas para reduzir a velocidade de corrosão do revestimento de zinco é por meio de tratamentos da superfície, por exemplo, por tratamentos de conversão. Os tratamentos de conversão mais eficientes são os que utilizam e geram rejeitos, que contêm íons de cromo hexavalente. Todavia, estes íons são carcinogênicos e tóxicos e, dessa forma, os processos que os utilizam em alguma etapa do tratamento, vêm sofrendo crescentes restrições, já sendo proibidos em países com leis ambientais mais rígidas. Esta é a razão para o crescente interesse e grande investimento em pesquisa tratamentos, que possam resultar em revestimentos com potencialidade para substituir, de forma eficiente e efetiva o uso do cromo hexavalente. Este foi o objetivo do presente trabalho. Neste estudo, foi investigado o efeito de tratamentos, que resultam em camadas de conversão na presença de ácido oxálico e na proteção contra a corrosão da superfície do zinco. Camadas de conversão foram obtidas por imersão de amostras de zinco em soluções de ácido oxálico (ácido etanodióico) com diferentes concentrações. Todas as soluções de tratamento apresentaram elevada acidez e resultaram em ataque da superfície de zinco com formação de revestimento de conversão com diferentes características. Ensaios preliminares de névoa salina foram então realizados para investigar a proteção conferida pelo sistema revestimento de conversão-verniz contra a corrosão do substrato de zinco. Estes ensaios foram decisivos para a escolha da faixa de concentração do banho de conversão com maior potencial para formação de revestimentos de conversão protetores. Os resultados deste ensaio e os de espectroscopia de impedância eletroquímica mostraram que tratamentos em soluções com composição superiores a 10-1 M de ácido oxálico resultaram em camadas muito defeituosas, nas quais o ataque localizado do substrato metálico é favorecido, sendo obtidas impedâncias menores que a superfície do zinco sem qualquer tratamento. Os resultados de XPS mostraram, que os revestimentos de conversão formados em soluções de ácido oxálico na faixa de 10-3 M a 10-1 M são compostos de oxalato de zinco e produtos de corrosão do zinco, especificamente ZnO, Zn (OH)2, e ZnCO3. Já a concentração de 10-1 M de ácido oxálico foi a, que produziu os resultados mais promissores com a formação de um revestimento, que conferiu proteção mais duradoura à superfície do zinco entre os obtidos. As espessuras médias das camadas de conversão de oxalato de zinco formadas em soluções com 10-1 M e 1 M de ácido oxálico, estimadas por FIB, foram respectivamente 600 nm e 300 nm, o que mostra que a concentração de 1 M de ácido causou intenso ataque corrosivo da superfície, enquanto a camada formada em meio com 10-1 M permitiu a deposição de camada mais espessa e mais protetora contra a corrosão do substrato. Os resultados de XPS indicaram a degradação da camada de oxalato de zinco com o tempo de ensaio, porém o ataque desta ao longo do ensaio de corrosão, resulta na formação de simonkolleite, identificada por difração de raios X, para períodos mais longos do ensaio de corrosão, no caso do revestimento formado em solução com 10-1 M em comparação a 1M. A simonkolleite atua por efeito barreira bloqueando os defeitos/porosidade da camada. O crescente acúmulo destes produtos de corrosão com a continuidade do processo corrosivo e a aderência destes ao substrato metálico foi indicada para superfície tratada em solução com 10-1 M de ácido oxálico. Finalmente, foi proposto um modelo para interação entre o revestimento de conversão de oxalato de zinco e os produtos de corrosão em que a retenção dos produtos de corrosão na superfície faz com, que a camada na superfície se torne mais espessa e mais compacta com o tempo de exposição ao ensaio de corrosão. Estas observações explicam o aumento de impedância observado com o tempo de ensaio nesta condição. Os resultados obtidos permitiram concluir, que o revestimento de conversão de oxalato de zinco formado em solução com 10-1 M de ácido oxálico resulta em proteção efetiva do substrato metálico além de apresentar boa aderência com camada de verniz. Estes resultados indicam potencialidade deste tratamento como preparação de superfícies de zinco, que serão recobertas com revestimentos orgânicos (tintas, vernizes ou lacas).

    Palavras-Chave: corrosion; corrosion resistance; surface treatments; zinc alloys; zinc chlorides; carboxylic acids; oxalic acid; ion beams; coatings; varnishes; semiconductor detectors; films; scanning electron microscopy; electric impedance; spectroscopy

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  • IPEN-DOC 24479

    CARDOSO, JESSICA R. . Compósitos de polietileno de alta densidade e borracha de EPDM reprocessados e aplicação da radiação ionizante na modificação de suas propriedades / Reprocessed high density polyethylene and EPDM rubber composites and application of ionizing radiation on its properties modification . 2016. Dissertação (Mestrado em Tecnologia Nuclear) - Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP, São Paulo. 88 p. Orientador: Aurea Beatriz Cerqueira Geraldo. DOI: 10.11606/D.85.2018.tde-09022018-090209

    Abstract: A geração de passivos ambientais após o término da vida útil dos materiais poliméricos é uma realidade que está sendo mudada devido a reciclagem desses materiais. A obtenção de novos materiais a partir do seu reuso traz vantagens com a diminuição de custos no produto final, já que reduz a produção da matéria prima virgem, além de minimizar a quantidade de rejeitos. Neste trabalho, a borracha EPDM vulcanizada foi reprocessada termicamente por irradiação e envelhecimento para que ocorresse a sua desvulcanização, visando obter melhor desempenho no processo de reciclagem; o polietileno de alta densidade (PEAD) foi reprocessado vinte vezes de modo a obter um termoplástico reciclado. Com esses componentes foram obtidos compósitos extrudados contendo 1 % e 5 % da borracha (com e sem tratamento térmico) dispersa na matriz reprocessada de PEAD. A compatibilização entre os componentes foi obtida testando alguns tipos de substâncias e nesse sentido, o metacrilato de glicidila (GMA) foi o que promoveu o melhor resultado. Os compósitos também foram submetidos ao processo de irradiação por feixe de elétrons nas doses de 50 kGy e 100 kGy e a comparação entre os materiais irradiados e não irradiados foi realizada a partir de análises por FTIR, TG, DSC, MEV e testes mecânicos (tração, impacto e dureza). Os compósitos apresentaram-se homogêneos e a interface entre a borracha e a matriz polimérica apresentou-se contínua. Observou-se que tanto o reprocessamento termocisalhante quanto a irradiação promovem alterações em nível molecular de modo que a reticulação e a degradação ocorrem simultaneamente. A adição de EPDM nas concentrações estudadas foi fundamental na promoção da reticulação do material. Com processo de irradiação, os compósitos apresentaram melhoria nas propriedades mecânicas.

    Palavras-Chave: waste retrieval; waste management; ionizing radiations; cross-linking; radiolysis; chemical radiation effects; mechanical properties; density; ethylene propylene diene polymers; elastomers; rubbers

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  • IPEN-DOC 24478

    SANTOS, CAMILA F.R.T.T. . Análise de significância e caracterização de fontes estacionárias individualizadas visando o monitoramento atmosférico não radiológico no campus IPEN/CNEN-SP / Analysis of significance and characterization of individualized stationary sources for non-radiological atmospheric monitoring at campus of IPEN / CNEN-SP . 2017. Dissertação (Mestrado em Tecnologia Nuclear) - Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP, São Paulo. 109 p. Orientador: Maria Aparecida Faustino Pires. DOI: 10.11606/D.85.2018.tde-23022018-094649

    Abstract: Devido ao compromisso com a melhoria do meio ambiente, aliado às crescentes exigências dos órgãos ambientais, e a necessidade de identificar a contribuição de cada atividade/processo desenvolvido em institutos de pesquisas, quanto ao impacto destes à qualidade do ar, este trabalho teve a finalidade de desenvolver um modelo de inventário e aplicar uma metodologia de cálculo, que permita estimar a emissão de poluentes atmosféricos, decorrentes das atividades dos centros de pesquisa e desenvolvimento do Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares (IPEN/CNEN-SP). O estudo foi motivado pela ausência de metodologias de cálculo de emissões atmosféricas específicas para fontes fixas como capelas químicas de exaustão e da necessidade em atender as condicionantes estabelecidas no licenciamento ambiental da instituição. Para a elaboração dos cálculos foram adotados os fatores de emissão e a equação descrita na AP-42 da EPA- Environmental Protection Agency. Foram utilizadas como abordagens de cálculo de emissões: a) Mensuração direta (por meio do inventário de emissões atmosféricas); e b) Estimativa de emissões (utilizando estimativa da taxa de emissão calculada a partir do fator de emissão apropriado). O estudo foi detalhadamente realizado tendo como base inicial o inventário e o modelo de estimativa de emissão atmosférica das fontes fixas aplicado no Centro de Química e Meio Ambiente (CQMA). Cabe ressaltar que o monitoramento online da qualidade do ar no campus é realizado em estação fixa, parceria IPEN CETESB, na estação CETESB Cid. Universitária IPEN - USP. O estudo possibilitou estabelecer, de forma efetiva, o Programa de Monitoramento e Controle de Emissões Atmosféricas (PMEA IPEN), podendo servir de modelo para outras instituições de Pesquisa, Desenvolvimento & Inovação. Como produto final obteve-se um inventário de emissões atmosféricas de fontes fixas da instituição, a taxa de emissão de poluentes, bem como a concentração de poluentes emitidos. A estimativa das emissões não ultrapassou os limites dispostos na legislação em âmbito nacional e estadual.

    Palavras-Chave: atmospheric circulation; pollutants; on-line measurement systems; environmental protection; radiation protection; safety standards; home range; iear-1 reactor; anemometers; measuring instruments; information retrieval; data base management; brazil

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  • IPEN-DOC 24477

    SOUZA, ELIEL da S. . Adsorção de cobalto em caulinita / Cobalt adsortion in kaolinite . 2017. Dissertação (Mestrado em Tecnologia Nuclear) - Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP, São Paulo. 91 p. Orientador: Paulo Sergio Cardoso da Silva. DOI: 10.11606/D.85.2018.tde-23022018-093900

    Abstract: O processo de adsorção vem sendo utilizado como uma técnica eficaz para a remoção de íons metálicos em efluentes. Neste trabalho são apresentados os estudos para avaliar da capacidade de adsorção de cobalto em caulinita, um adsorvente de baixo custo, visando à remoção deste íon de soluções aquosas. Foi analisada a área superficial específica (S) em 25 amostras de materiais preparadas de diferentes modos: caulinita, bentonita e carvão ativado e, misturas de caulinita-bentonita e caulinita-carvão ativado. Estas misturas foram preparadas pela adição de 10, 20, 30, 40 e 50% de carvão ativado ou bentonita à caulinita. As amostras de caulinita-carvão ativado e caulinita in natura foram calcinadas a 600 e 1000 °C por 4 horas. Foi escolhida para os testes de adsorção a mistura de caulinita com 10% de carvão ativado por apresentar a melhor relação custo benefício em relação à S. Os parâmetros de adsorção investigados nesta mistura foram: tempo de contato, pH, concentração inicial de soluto, competição iônica e força iônica. Verificou-se que o tempo de contato e o pH otimizados para o propósito do trabalho foram 30 min e pH 6. Nestas condições a eficiência de remoção do íon cobalto da solução foi superior a 80%. Verificou-se que a presença de íons Cr e Zn, bem como o aumento da força iônica diminuem a capacidade de adsorção do Co na mistura adsorvente. As isotermas de Langmuir e Freundlich apresentaram R2 iguais a 0,906 e 0,597, respectivamente. Os parâmetros determinados nestas isotermas indicaram um processo espontâneo, ou seja, energeticamente favorável, para a adsorção do Co nas condições e que foram realizadas este trabalho.

    Palavras-Chave: separation processes; adsorption; activated carbon; surface properties; kaolinite; silicate minerals; aluminium base alloys; bentonite; neutron activation analysis; gamma radiation

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  • IPEN-DOC 24476

    XAVIER, GLEICY de L. . Estudo da deposição eletroforética de 3YTZP em titânio metálico e avaliação da irradiação com laser / Study of electrophoretic deposition of 3YTZP in metallic titanium and evaluation of laser irradiation . 2017. Dissertação (Mestrado em Tecnologia Nuclear) - Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP, São Paulo. 106 p. Orientador: Nelson Batista de Lima. DOI: 10.11606/D.85.2018.tde-09022018-083657

    Abstract: O titânio é amplamente empregado em indústrias químicas, geração de energia, aeroespaciais e biomédicas, pois além de suas boas propriedades mecânicas e resistência à corrosão, apresenta também boa biocompatibilidade. Porém, quando usado, por exemplo, em turbinas a vapor é necessário aumentar ainda mais sua resistência à corrosão em altas temperaturas. Ou quando usado em odontologia a cor acinzentada do metal compromete as reabilitações orais. Sendo assim, torna-se interessante o recobrimento do titânio com uma camada cerâmica, sendo a 3YTZP (zircônia tetragonal policristalina) adequada a tal aplicação, pois além de apresentar resistência mecânica, boa resistência a ciclos térmicos, apresenta boa biocompatibilidade. Neste trabalho foi feito o estudo do recobrimento do titânio com 3YTZP utilizando a técnica da deposição eletroforética além de realizar a irradiação do filme cerâmico utilizando o laser contínuo Nd:YAG com a finalidade de sinterização. O pó de 3YTZP foi obtido pela rota de coprecipitação de óxidos em meio amoniacal e caracterizada por DRX e MEV-FEG. Os resultados de DRX do pó mostraram a presença das fases tetragonal e monoclínica, e pelas micrografias observa-se que as partículas têm estruturas alongadas em formas de bastonetes. Por meio da densificação dos corpos cerâmicos foi possível observar boa sinterabilidade do pó. Como substrato para EPD foram utilizadas chapas de titânio (15 mm x 15 mm) e foram caracterizadas por DRX, que confirmou apenas a presença da fase &alpha; do Ti, indicando assim que são de titânio comercialmente puro. As chapas foram atacadas quimicamente com ácido sulfúrico 50% em volume por 10s. A deposição eletroforética foi realizada com as suspensões de 75%vol.acetona:25%.vol.etanol a 30 V por 20, 45 e 60 segundos; 50%vol.acetona:50%vol.etanol a 20 V por 30, 45 e 60 segundos; 25%vol.acetilacetona:75%vol.etanol a 60 V por 20, 40 e 60 segundos e a 40 V por 20 segundos; e com acetilacetona pura a 60 V por 20, 40 e 60 segundos e a 40 V por 20 e 40 segundos. Por meio das microscopias ópticas dos filmes depositados pode-se observar que a melhor condição de deposição foi utilizando a suspensão de acetilacetona a 40 V por 20 segundos, gerando filmes homogêneos e sem trincas. Foram realizados cinco ensaios de irradiação com lazer a fim de alcançar uma condição ideal de sinterização. As condições fixas para todos os ensaios foram energia de 0,5 J, coeficiente de duração de pulso (Tp) de 10 ms e coeficiente de repetição de pulso de 10 Hz. No decorrer dos ensaios foi variada a fluência do laser e o número de incidência. As amostras irradiadas foram caracterizadas por microscopia óptica e eletrônica, DRX e Scratch, e verificou-se que a melhor condição de irradiação foi utilizando a fluência de 120 J/cm2 para o número de incidência do laser de igual a 27.

    Palavras-Chave: titanium alloys; zirconium; ceramics; enamels; coatings; laser radiation; x-ray diffraction; emission spectroscopy; dentistry; radiation source implants

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  • IPEN-DOC 24475

    MARQUES, MÁRCIA T.A. . Obtenção da altura da camada limite planetária através da análise espectral do campo de vento do lidar Doppler / Obtaning the planetary boundary layer height using spectral analysis of the Doppler lidar wind field . 2017. Dissertação (Mestrado em Tecnologia Nuclear) - Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP, São Paulo. 67 p. Orientador: Eduardo Landulfo. DOI: 10.11606/D.85.2018.tde-23022018-092958

    Abstract: Este estudo explora a obtenção da altura da camada limite planetária a partir de diferentes métodos e equipamentos, com foco na análise espectral do campo de vento do lidar Doppler. Realizou-se uma campanha de medição por 80 dias com dois lidars Dopplers comerciais com diferentes alcances verticais. Para o lidar com maior alcance vertical e consequetemente uma medida direta da altura da camada limite planetária, foi aplicado o método da variância da razão sinal-ruído e os resultados foram comparados aos valores de altura estimados a partir de dados de radiossondagem através de dois métodos distintos, o método da parcela e o método do número de Richardson bulk, o qual apresentou melhores resultados. Para o lidar com menor alcance vertical, aplicou-se a análise espectral que forneceu valores de comprimento de onda dos picos espectrais, proporcionais à altura da camada limite planetária. A constante de proporcionalidade para obtenção dos valores da altura da camada foi calculada comparando-se os resultados aos valores de altura estimados pela radiossondagem através do método do número de Richardson bulk, obtendo-se um valor de constante de proporcionalidade próximo ao sugerido na literatura. Entretanto, o conjunto de dados que mostrou boas estimativas dos picos espectrais foi bastante restrito, limitando a comparação ao longo do período entre os lidars.

    Palavras-Chave: atmospheres; boundary layers; variational methods; measuring methods; bulk density; signals; signal-to-noise ratio; spectra; data analysis; optical radar; doppler effect; remote sensing; lasers; forecasting; delphi method; turbulence; mathematical models

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  • IPEN-DOC 24474

    PEREIRA, JULIAN M. de S. . Estudo da preparação do catalisador Au-SnO2/TiO2 para uso na reação de oxidação preferencial do monóxido de carbono em misturas ricas em hidrogênio / Study of Au-SnO2/TiO2 catalyst preparation for the preferential oxidation of carbon monoxide in hydrogen-rich gas mixtures . 2017. Dissertação (Mestrado em Tecnologia Nuclear) - Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP, São Paulo. 78 p. Orientador: Estevam Vitorio Spinacé. DOI: 10.11606/D.85.2018.tde-29012018-082110

    Abstract: Neste trabalho foi estudada a viabilidade de preparação do catalisador Au-SnO2/TiO2 pelo método da redução por álcool, o qual apresentou excelentes resultados na preparação de eletrocatalisadores PtSnO2/C aplicados em células a combustíveis. Inicialmente a preparação dos catalisadores Au-SnO2/TiO2 foi efetuada sem modificações em relação a metodologia de preparação dos catalisadores PtSnO2/C por meio da qual foi possível obter nanopartículas de Pt e SnO2 da ordem de 2-4 nm bem dispersas no suporte de carbono. Os resultados iniciais não se mostraram adequados obtendo-se para o catalisador Au/TiO2 nanopartículas de Au da ordem 100-200 nm, enquanto que para os catalisadores Au-SnO2/TiO2 com diferentes % em massa de SnO2, apesar da fase SnO2 apresentar-se bem dispersas sobre o suporte, as nanopartículas de Au apresentaram tamanhos da ordem de 10 nm, sendo desejável nanopartículas menores que 10 nm para a reação preferencial do monóxido de carbono em misturas ricas em hidrogênio (reação CO-PROX). Os catalisadores Au/TiO2, Au/SnO2 e AuSnO2/TiO2 com diferentes % em massa de SnO2 obtidos dessa maneira apresentaram baixa atividade e seletividade na reação CO-PROX. Dessa forma, modificações foram efetuadas na metodologia de preparação por meio de diferentes rotas visando à diminuição e uma melhor dispersão das nanopartículas de Au na preparação do catalisador Au/TiO2. Por meio do uso de citrato de sódio como agente estabilizante e por modificações na forma de adição do precursor de Au foi possível diminuir o tamanho das nanopartículas de Au e melhorar sensivelmente a atividade e a seletividade do catalisador Au/TiO2 na reação CO-PROX. Os catalisadores Au-SnO2/TiO2 foram também preparados por esta nova rota obtendo-se também para estes materiais um menor tamanho de partícula de Au e uma melhor dispersão sobre o suporte TiO2. A atividade catalítica e a seletividade dos catalisadores AuSnO2/TiO2 obtidos por esta nova rota também apresentaram uma melhora significativa na atividade e seletividade na reação CO-PROX.

    Palavras-Chave: tin oxides; tin compounds; titanium oxides; gold base alloys; nanoparticles; catalysts; oxidation; carbon monoxide; hydrogen production; comparative evaluations

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  • IPEN-DOC 24473

    SAKAI, MAYARA C. de C.B. . Análise e gerenciamento dos efluentes gerados no processo produtivo do combustível nuclear / Analysis and management of effluents generated in the nuclear fuel production process . 2017. Dissertação (Mestrado em Tecnologia Nuclear) - Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP, São Paulo. 95 p. Orientador: Elita Fontenele Urano de Carvalho. DOI: 10.11606/D.85.2018.tde-31012018-154253

    Abstract: O Brasil com o propósito de se tornar autossuficiente na produção de radioisótopos e fontes radioativas usados na medicina nuclear, na agricultura e no meio ambiente desenvolveu o projeto de um reator multipropósito de 30 megawatts de potência para atender a demanda nacional. No Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares (IPEN), o Centro de Combustível Nuclear (CCN) é responsável pela fabricação dos combustíveis para o reator IEA-R1 e, possivelmente, pelos combustíveis do reator multipropósito. Com o intuito de atender a demanda para os reatores foi projetada uma nova planta de fabricação com a capacidade máxima de 60 combustíveis por ano, o qual atualmente é de dez. O aumento da produção consequentemente aumentará o volume de efluentes gerados. A atual preocupação com o meio ambiente faz-se necessário elaborar um plano de gestão para tornar o processo sustentável, o qual ocasionará em benefícios ambientais, econômicos e sociais. O processo produtivo do combustível gera vários tipos de efluentes, contendo urânio ou não, sendo sólidos, líquidos e gasosos com características físicas e químicas variadas. Esse estudo tem como objetivo identificar, caracterizar e segregar os efluentes gerados em todo o processo produtivo de obtenção do combustível nuclear do tipo MTR (Materials Testing Reactors). No desenvolvimento do presente trabalho foram utilizadas como base a Resolução n° 357, de 17 de março 2005, e a Resolução n° 430, de 13 de maio de 2011 do Conselho Nacional do Meio Ambiente CONAMA. Com os resultados obtidos foi possível determinar que os efluentes líquidos são os principais aspectos que podem causar contaminação ao meio ambiente, e a atual situação do CCN mostra que 30% do efluente líquido possui tratamento de recuperação de urânio; 20% dos efluentes líquidos são reutilizados na composição química em que foi gerado; 35% descartado diretamente ao meio ambiente de acordo com a legislação. O restante dos efluentes líquidos, cerca de 15%, estão em fase de desenvolvimento do processo de tratamento.

    Palavras-Chave: radioactive wastes; radioactive effluents; chemical effluents; gaseous wastes; liquid wastes; particle resuspension; radioactive waste disposal; structural chemical analysis; environmental impacts; pollution abatement; toxic materials; environmental protection; pollution laws; radiation protection laws; regulations; uranium recycle; nuclear fuels; iear-1 reactor

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  • IPEN-DOC 24472

    CASTRO, LILIANA . Preparo e caracterização de um material de referência de rim bovino / Preparation and characterization of a bovine kidney reference material . 2017. Tese (Doutorado em Tecnologia Nuclear) - Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP, São Paulo. 272 p. Orientador: Marina Beatriz Agostini Vasconcellos. Coorientador: Edson Gonçalves Moreira. DOI: 10.11606/T.85.2018.tde-09022018-095407

    Abstract: A utilização de materiais de referência é uma ferramenta fundamental na obtenção da comparabilidade e rastreabilidade das medições químicas. No presente trabalho foram desenvolvidas todas as etapas necessárias para a preparação, caracterização e certificação de um material de referência de rim bovino segundo os requisitos aceitos internacionalmente. Dado que o uso pretendido do material de referência é o controle de qualidade de produtos cárneos, alguns elementos com relevância nutricional ou que poderiam constituir contaminantes alimentares potenciais foram escolhidos para serem determinados. Foi estudada a homogeneidade do material tanto dentro quanto entre os diversos frascos preparados e a estabilidade do material em diferentes temperaturas e tempos, obtendo resultados satisfatórios. Para poder abarcar todos os elementos de interesse, os estudos de homogeneidade e estabilidade foram realizados utilizando-se três técnicas analíticas diferentes, análise por ativação neutrônica, espectrometria de massa com fonte de plasma acoplada indutivamente e espectrometria de absorção atômica de vapor frio. Para a avaliação dos estudos de homogeneidade e estabilidade foram utilizadas técnicas estatísticas univariadas clássicas como os testes de análise de variâcia e de regressão, e técnicas de análise multivariada como análise de componentes principais e análise de agrupamento hierárquico. Para atribuir valores às concentrações dos elementos de interesse, foi organizada uma comparação interlaboratorial com 33 laboratórios participantes, tanto de Brasil quanto do exterior. A avaliação conjunta dos resultados da comparação interlaboratorial e dos estudos de homogeneidade e estabilidade realizados possibilitou atribuir valores a 20 elementos com suas respectivas incertezas, sendo 9 valores certificados (As, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Se e Zn), 10 valores indicativos (Br, Ca, Cd, Cl, Co, Cs, Hf, Mo, P e Rb) e 1 como informação adicional (Hg).

    Palavras-Chave: kidneys; animals; cattle; multivariate analysis; correlations; neutron activation analyzers; calculation methods; orthogonal transformations; sample preparation; biological markers; quality assurance; quality control; certification; evaluation; licensing; cold plasma; steam; icp mass spectroscopy; absorption spectroscopy; interlaboratory comparisons; international agreements; international cooperation

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A pesquisa no RD utiliza os recursos de busca da maioria das bases de dados. No entanto algumas dicas podem auxiliar para obter um resultado mais pertinente.

✔ É possível efetuar a busca de um autor ou um termo em todo o RD, por meio do Buscar no Repositório , isto é, o termo solicitado será localizado em qualquer campo do RD. No entanto esse tipo de pesquisa não é recomendada a não ser que se deseje um resultado amplo e generalizado.

✔ A pesquisa apresentará melhor resultado selecionando um dos filtros disponíveis em Navegar

✔ Os filtros disponíveis em Navegar tais como: Coleções, Ano de publicação, Títulos, Assuntos, Autores, Revista, Tipo de publicação são autoexplicativos. O filtro, Autores IPEN apresenta uma relação com os autores vinculados ao IPEN; o ID Autor IPEN diz respeito ao número único de identificação de cada autor constante no RD e sob o qual estão agrupados todos os seus trabalhos independente das variáveis do seu nome; Tipo de acesso diz respeito à acessibilidade do documento, isto é , sujeito as leis de direitos autorais, ID RT apresenta a relação dos relatórios técnicos, restritos para consulta das comunidades indicadas.

A opção Busca avançada utiliza os conectores da lógica boleana, é o melhor recurso para combinar chaves de busca e obter documentos relevantes à sua pesquisa, utilize os filtros apresentados na caixa de seleção para refinar o resultado de busca. Pode-se adicionar vários filtros a uma mesma busca.

Exemplo:

Buscar os artigos apresentados em um evento internacional de 2015, sobre loss of coolant, do autor Maprelian.

Autor: Maprelian

Título: loss of coolant

Tipo de publicação: Texto completo de evento

Ano de publicação: 2015

✔ Para indexação dos documentos é utilizado o Thesaurus do INIS, especializado na área nuclear e utilizado em todos os países membros da International Atomic Energy Agency – IAEA , por esse motivo, utilize os termos de busca de assunto em inglês; isto não exclui a busca livre por palavras, apenas o resultado pode não ser tão relevante ou pertinente.

✔ 95% do RD apresenta o texto completo do documento com livre acesso, para aqueles que apresentam o significa que e o documento está sujeito as leis de direitos autorais, solicita-se nesses casos contatar a Biblioteca do IPEN, bibl@ipen.br .

✔ Ao efetuar a busca por um autor o RD apresentará uma relação de todos os trabalhos depositados no RD. No lado direito da tela são apresentados os coautores com o número de trabalhos produzidos em conjunto bem como os assuntos abordados e os respectivos anos de publicação agrupados.

✔ O RD disponibiliza um quadro estatístico de produtividade, onde é possível visualizar o número dos trabalhos agrupados por tipo de coleção, a medida que estão sendo depositados no RD.

✔ Na página inicial nas referências são sinalizados todos os autores IPEN, ao clicar nesse símbolo será aberta uma nova página correspondente à aquele autor – trata-se da página do pesquisador.

✔ Na página do pesquisador, é possível verificar, as variações do nome, a relação de todos os trabalhos com texto completo bem como um quadro resumo numérico; há links para o Currículo Lattes e o Google Acadêmico ( quando esse for informado).

ATENÇÃO!

ESTE TEXTO "AJUDA" ESTÁ SUJEITO A ATUALIZAÇÕES CONSTANTES, A MEDIDA QUE NOVAS FUNCIONALIDADES E RECURSOS DE BUSCA FOREM SENDO DESENVOLVIDOS PELAS EQUIPES DA BIBLIOTECA E DA INFORMÁTICA.

O gerenciamento do Repositório está a cargo da Biblioteca do IPEN. Constam neste RI, até o presente momento 20.950 itens que tanto podem ser artigos de periódicos ou de eventos nacionais e internacionais, dissertações e teses, livros, capítulo de livros e relatórios técnicos. Para participar do RI-IPEN é necessário que pelo menos um dos autores tenha vínculo acadêmico ou funcional com o Instituto. Nesta primeira etapa de funcionamento do RI, a coleta das publicações é realizada periodicamente pela equipe da Biblioteca do IPEN, extraindo os dados das bases internacionais tais como a Web of Science, Scopus, INIS, SciElo além de verificar o Currículo Lattes. O RI-IPEN apresenta também um aspecto inovador no seu funcionamento. Por meio de metadados específicos ele está vinculado ao sistema de gerenciamento das atividades do Plano Diretor anual do IPEN (SIGEPI). Com o objetivo de fornecer dados numéricos para a elaboração dos indicadores da Produção Cientifica Institucional, disponibiliza uma tabela estatística registrando em tempo real a inserção de novos itens. Foi criado um metadado que contém um número único para cada integrante da comunidade científica do IPEN. Esse metadado se transformou em um filtro que ao ser acionado apresenta todos os trabalhos de um determinado autor independente das variáveis na forma de citação do seu nome.

A elaboração do projeto do RI do IPEN foi iniciado em novembro de 2013, colocado em operação interna em julho de 2014 e disponibilizado na Internet em junho de 2015. Utiliza o software livre Dspace, desenvolvido pelo Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Para descrição dos metadados adota o padrão Dublin Core. É compatível com o Protocolo de Arquivos Abertos (OAI) permitindo interoperabilidade com repositórios de âmbito nacional e internacional.

1. Portaria IPEN-CNEN/SP nº 387, que estabeleceu os princípios que nortearam a criação do RDI, clique aqui.


2. A experiência do Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares (IPEN-CNEN/SP) na criação de um Repositório Digital Institucional – RDI, clique aqui.

O Repositório Digital do IPEN é um equipamento institucional de acesso aberto, criado com o objetivo de reunir, preservar, disponibilizar e conferir maior visibilidade à Produção Científica publicada pelo Instituto, desde sua criação em 1956.

Operando, inicialmente como uma base de dados referencial o Repositório foi disponibilizado na atual plataforma, em junho de 2015. No Repositório está disponível o acesso ao conteúdo digital de artigos de periódicos, eventos, nacionais e internacionais, livros, capítulos, dissertações, teses e relatórios técnicos.

A elaboração do projeto do RI do IPEN foi iniciado em novembro de 2013, colocado em operação interna em julho de 2014 e disponibilizado na Internet em junho de 2015. Utiliza o software livre Dspace, desenvolvido pelo Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Para descrição dos metadados adota o padrão Dublin Core. É compatível com o Protocolo de Arquivos Abertos (OAI) permitindo interoperabilidade com repositórios de âmbito nacional e internacional.

O gerenciamento do Repositório está a cargo da Biblioteca do IPEN. Constam neste RI, até o presente momento 20.950 itens que tanto podem ser artigos de periódicos ou de eventos nacionais e internacionais, dissertações e teses, livros, capítulo de livros e relatórios técnicos. Para participar do RI-IPEN é necessário que pelo menos um dos autores tenha vínculo acadêmico ou funcional com o Instituto. Nesta primeira etapa de funcionamento do RI, a coleta das publicações é realizada periodicamente pela equipe da Biblioteca do IPEN, extraindo os dados das bases internacionais tais como a Web of Science, Scopus, INIS, SciElo além de verificar o Currículo Lattes. O RI-IPEN apresenta também um aspecto inovador no seu funcionamento. Por meio de metadados específicos ele está vinculado ao sistema de gerenciamento das atividades do Plano Diretor anual do IPEN (SIGEPI). Com o objetivo de fornecer dados numéricos para a elaboração dos indicadores da Produção Cientifica Institucional, disponibiliza uma tabela estatística registrando em tempo real a inserção de novos itens. Foi criado um metadado que contém um número único para cada integrante da comunidade científica do IPEN. Esse metadado se transformou em um filtro que ao ser acionado apresenta todos os trabalhos de um determinado autor independente das variáveis na forma de citação do seu nome.